Shaoxing has ten major customs
Shuixiang Social Opera
Jianshui Wupeng
Xianheng Wine Charm
Nan Town sacrifice to Yu
Qu Shui Shui Shang
Taimen Qianyun
Water Town Market
Dragon Boat Race
Listening to books in the teahouse
One of Huadiao Married Girls
——Shuixiang Social Opera
The literary giant Lu Xun has never forgotten the hometown social opera he watched as a child and praised it highly. . Lu Xun successively wrote the novel "She Opera", the essay "Impermanence" and the essay "Nu Diao" and other works, and he had touching descriptions and incisive discussions of She Opera. Throughout the ages, countless literati have written poems and essays about social dramas.
Most of Shaoxing's water towns stages are built on the river in front of temples such as the Tutu Temple, so they are called "River Stage" and "Wannian Stage". Ancient stages in Dong'an, Renjiaqiao, Fengyi, Dongzhou, Binshe and other places still exist to this day. In the Qing Dynasty, Tong Qianmeng wrote a poem about bamboo branches, describing the grand occasion of watching social operas at that time: "The Yue God competes with the Du God, and a new Hetai opera is performed. Meng Yu manages the lanterns on both sides of the bank, and the people passing by are illuminated in the water." Lu Xun said in "She Opera" that foreigners think that the "big knocking, shouting, and big jumping" of Chinese opera are not suitable for theater performances, but if it is performed in the wild, "it looks from a distance", but "it has its own characteristics" Style". "Dragon-Tiger Fight" and "Haunting in the Garden" are plays that embody the characteristics of Shao opera and have always been applauded and applauded by Shaoxing audiences. Lu Xun wrote these two plays into famous novels such as "The True Story of Ah Q" and "The Social Opera". They were not his casual writings, but they fully reflected their people's nature. Ah Q, who couldn't even write his own name or even draw a circle, even hummed a few words "I'll beat you with a steel whip" when he was parading through the streets before his execution, which is enough to show that social opera was generally welcomed by the people of Shaoxing. . Lu Xun once again used his rafter-like brush to recall the beautiful memories of his children watching social operas in their youth in a beautiful and lyrical style. It was poetic and picturesque, fascinating, and aroused people's attachment and nostalgia for social operas.
Times have passed and social opera in water towns is being inherited and developed. Today's Shuixiang social opera takes the Shaoxing social opera written by Lu Xun as the main form. It reproduces the folk customs of performing and watching social operas in Shaoxing and the characteristics of Yue opera. It organically combines the original social opera style with modern performing arts and is sure to win the applause of countless audiences.
Part 2 - Jianshui Wupeng
Along the long ancient towpath, take a Wupeng boat tour on Jian Lake. Wandering on the light satin-like lake, the boat moves along the shore. , the grass is green and the flowers are red, the long oar is flowing out of the water, willow silk is swaying in the wind, only the black shadow of the distant mountains and the green duckweed near the shore are misty, the mist is misty, the mist is dense, the heart is far away, and people are in the painting. Sitting on the bottom seat of the boat, I put my hands on the side of the boat and splashed in the water. The water plants on the shore were almost as close as my eyes and nose. The boat swayed and bumped in the troughs and crests of the waves. That day, the mountains and clouds were swaying like my own body and mind. Tao Taoran, drunk...
The two ends of the black-awned boat are pointed, and the cabin is covered with a semicircular canopy. The canopy is made of bamboo pieces, with a bamboo basket in the middle and painted with tung oil black paint. Black is called "Wu" in Shaoxing dialect, so it is called "Wu Peng Boat". There are generally three awnings. Except for the "fixed awning" in the middle, the other two can be moved freely. When visiting the lake on a sunny day, you can move the boat awning, stand upright in the cabin and look around. The field of vision is wide, the water is vast, the shore is blue, the seedlings are fresh, the flowers are fresh, the breeze is white, the heart is soothing, the rivers and lakes are forgotten, it is really "narcissus".
When boating on the lake, you can still see fishermen from time to time. The boats pass by and the sound is like the rhyme of a musical instrument. There is often a fisherman's house standing next to it, which is a place for fishermen to live. At night, the fishermen's houses are lit up with lights, reflecting the waves. Swinging, looking from a distance, it looks like a fairy pavilion with stars falling in the Milky Way. When it rains, "the sound of the river under the boat and the rain behind the canopy can be heard most clearly", and you feel like you are surrounded by floating clouds.
The black-topped boats can be rowed with oars or rowed with feet, so they are also called "foot rowing". The boat is rowing with its feet while holding a wine bowl in both hands while drinking. , listening to him telling you anecdotes from Yuezhong and ancient anecdotes in authentic Shaoxing dialect, you will be immersed in this style.
"White jade long embankment road, small boating boat with black awning".
Sitting on this Shaoxing-specific black-topped boat and floating along the long ancient towpath, you can truly enter the water town style of Shaoxing in the south of the Yangtze River.
Third - Xianheng Wine Charm
Xianheng Hotel was originally opened by Zhou Zhongxiang and others from Shurenfang, Lu Xun’s Zhou family, in the Jiawu Year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1894). , separated from Lu Xun’s hometown by a stone road. Although the hotel is small, "it has two stores." Its "pattern" is very representative in the wine town of Shaoxing, which is "full of cities". Not to mention the representative varieties of Shaoxing rice wine that it mainly sells, there is also the square-shaped counter on the street, the "Taibai Yifeng" Qinglong brand standing high on the top of the counter, and the wine blanks placed in a row on the counter, used to warm the wine. The wine tubes, as well as the water chestnut-colored tables and benches for people to sit and drink, can be called the typical style of Shaoxing hotels in the late Qing Dynasty. The types of wine, wine dishes, wine utensils, as well as the drinkers and wine style, all condense the mellowness of Shaoxing wine culture flavor.
Shaoxing wine originated in the Hemudu period 7,000 years ago. By the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, it had been used in politics and military affairs and was recorded in history. era. In the countryside, "every family can beg for wine", and in the city, there are "thousands of wine shops", and the model of Xianheng Hotel accounts for most of these "thousands" and can be seen everywhere in the water streets and stone alleys. , a scene in the wine city.
Although the prototype Xianheng Hotel did not really become "Xianheng" because it was taken from the "Pinwu Xianheng" in "The Book of Changes and Kun Feng", the elegant and auspicious name of the store is related to the name of the hotel. The century-old modern process of modern times is consistent with the national psychology of Chinese people seeking wealth and strength. Lu Xun used the background of the story to criticize current ills and "national character" and wrote his most satisfying novel "Kong Yiji", which can be said to be well-intentioned and well-intentioned. The hotel has a literary history, and Xianheng Hotel is inseparable from this great thinker and writer who represents the direction of the new culture of the Chinese nation and his immortal masterpieces. It is also closely connected with the former residence of Lu Xun, Baicao Garden, Sanwei Bookstore, and Tugu in Fangkou, Duchang. Temple and other cultural inheritance together constitute the key to interpreting Lu Xun's original text.
Fourth - Nanzhen Sacrifice to Yu
Nanzhen has a long history of offering sacrifices to Yu. Since the Xia Dynasty, the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Yu has continued through the generations, and was most popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Generally speaking, there are four forms or levels of sacrifices to Yu in the past dynasties: the first is the personal sacrifice of the emperor, such as Qin Shihuang, Emperor Kangxi, and Emperor Qianlong; the second is the sacrifice of princes, such as the Yue Kingdom and the Wuyue Kingdom; the third is the official sacrifice to Yu. Sacrifices can be held regularly or irregularly, such as when a new king comes to the throne or a major disaster occurs; the fourth is the grassroots level, that is, "there is a sacrifice every year in the second month of Spring and Autumn". As for the people of Li, they have always neither offered sacrifices to Yu nor worshiped him. Just visit Yu Temple instead. In fact, the custom of visiting the Yu Temple is older than the ritual system of worshiping Yu. It was directly inherited from Dayu's "promoting rituals and sacrifices" and can be traced back to a certain custom in the primitive era.
According to legend, the fifth day of the third month of the lunar calendar is the birthday of Dayu. This day is the climax of Folk Island’s visit to Yu Temple. It is recorded in the "Kuiji County Chronicle" of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty: "On the day of birth, the Yu Temple has the most visitors, no matter rich or poor, high or low, all come out of the city. All the people are sailing on the boat, the red paint is bright, the wine bottles and food utensils are very impressive, the guests and hosts sit in rows, in front of them." Let's sing and dance. The people are still dignified, even though they are not rich, they still save money all year round, thinking of going to the lake. Spring is about to end, and there are a lot of tourists, watching the Qingqiu Pavilion in front of them, and they are still competing to visit the West Garden."
Since the reform and opening up, Shaoxing City has deeply developed and utilized historical and cultural resources to serve the construction of two civilizations. On April 20, 1995, a grand memorial ceremony was held for all walks of life in Zhejiang Province and Shaoxing City to commemorate the Tomb of Dayu. In 2000, all walks of life in Shaoxing City held another public memorial ceremony, which had a wide impact at home and abroad. As for the folk sacrifices to Yu, they have continued every year since the first public sacrifice. Today, the Mid-Spring Festival to Yu has become one of the three emerging festivals in Shaoxing City, together with the Calligraphy Festival and the Rice Wine Festival, and is well-known.
Part 5 - Qu Shui Shui Shang
The "Qu Shui Shui Shang" as a sideshow for cultivating bad weather has been around since ancient times. Before the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there was the practice of "draining the water to lead the drink, and passing it into a song" The poem "water" describes the incident.
However, in the ninth year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 353), the "Qushui Shui Shang" in Lanting Pavilion in Kuaiji has become a "calligraphy sage" and a "calligraphy holy place" through the ages because of its beautiful scenery, people, literature and calligraphy. The name makes it appear extraordinary, which not only dilutes the superstitious color of the custom of "the gods have repaired evil spirits", gathers wisdom and talents, promotes human nature and enhances the spirit, but also becomes a common practice for later generations to follow and become a cultural history, especially the history of calligraphy. A great event and a monument.
Wang Xizhi was promoted from General Hujun to General of the Right Army and Internal History of Kuaiji in the sixth year of Yonghe. In the third year after settling in Kuaiji, I lived in Lanting with forty-two people including Xie An, Hao Tan, Sun Chuo, Li Tong, Li Chong, Xu Xun, Zhi Dun and their nephews who were famous at that time. After repairing the misfortune, people went to drink wine in the meandering stream. People lined up on both sides of the meandering water, poured wine into the wine glasses, floated the wine glasses in the water, and stopped the wine glasses in front of them to drink and recite poems. Thirty-seven poems were produced. Wang Xizhi compiled it into the "Lanting Collection" and wrote the preface while drinking. Especially important is the "Preface to the Lanting Collection" which is "unprecedented and unprecedented". "Ruo Jinglong", "The pen and knife are smooth, unique in the beauty of the family, the nature is natural, and the spirit is abundant and beneficial to the generation." Wang Xizhi pushed the simple and crude line art of Chinese calligraphy before the Wei and Jin Dynasties to a new realm of beauty and beauty, " "Additional and destructive of the ancient method, cut into modern style", creating a modern style of running script that can fully reflect the creative subject and aesthetic personality. It has been praised by later generations as "the first running script" and "set the benchmark for hundreds of generations of calligraphers".
It has become a common custom. Because of the Orchid Pavilion elegant collection and the beautiful calligraphy, it has been admired through the ages. It has become the legacy of calligraphers of all generations, adding a cultural charm that will shine forever. It is not only admired and followed by future generations of literati, but also its elegance spreads far and wide. and overseas.
Part 7 - Water Village Market
An old street stretches along the river bank, long, straight and curved, with rows of shops paved with bluestones. Passing under the eaves or raincoats of shops, the ancient water street is half on the bank and half in the river. People going to the market are bustling, half walking on the stone road, and the other half wandering in the paddle boats.
Every day. During the market, Water Street becomes bustling early in the morning. Half of the transactions on Water Street are on the shore and half on the water. There are rice shops, tea shops, dye shops, pawn shops, pharmacies, barber shops, tailor shops, and southern goods on the shore. Shops, antique shops, blacksmith shops... There are various stalls near the river, selling snacks, selling toys, doing repairs... There are restaurants and shops selling fish, shrimp, fruits, vegetables... at the river pier. Most of the teahouses are located not far from the bridge. People in the water town have a special liking for bridges, and businessmen even regard the bridge as a symbol of accessibility. After finishing their business and selling their goods, market goers sit in the restaurants at the bridge. Or in the teahouse, drink wine, drink tea, and chat.
Water Street Market is a major feature of Shaoxing. People in water towns like to go to the market and enjoy the company of water and boats. It can be said that liveliness is the nature of Shaoxing people. When going to the market, they always crowd to crowded places. People are crowded and it is common to fall into the river. Fortunately, a social opera is being performed on the water stage in the river bend, and the audience is watching the social opera. Half on the shore and half on the water, the river is full of small rowing boats with black awnings. People who squeeze into the river from the shore will be fished out immediately by the "boat head". After changing into wet clothes, he sat on the bow of the boat and watched the show.
Shaoxing people go to the market not just for shopping. They go to the market for the atmosphere and the fun, and shopping is just a reason.
Part 8 - Listening to books in teahouses
Shaoxing people love to taste camellia, so teahouses came into being. In the old days, teahouses in Shaoxing city were all over the streets and alleys. Most of them are along the river. In 1936, before the Anti-Japanese War, there were 206 teahouses in Shaoxing, almost half of which were located along the banks of streets and rivers, and some were even located at bridgeheads. Small teahouses like those opened by Zhonghua Laoshuan in Lu Xun's novel "Medicine" can be found everywhere in the city. In addition, there are a few large teahouses and teahouses, such as "Shilu" in Huaxiang, "First Floor" and "Tianxiang Pavilion" in Xianqian Street, "Yueming" in Dajiangqiao, and "Ding" in Xinhe Lane. Feng" and so on. The customers of small teahouses are mostly ordinary people, while the customers of large teahouses are upper-class leisure people.
The shopkeepers of the old teahouses are very particular about the art of making tea. They often explore the "five realms" of tea, namely tea leaves, water sources, heat, tea sets and environment. They say that only when the "five realms" are appropriate and the configuration is suitable, can good tea be brewed. And set off each other. Especially the tea sets are even more particular. Because only good tea sets can maintain the fragrance and mellow taste of tea. They pay special attention to Yue porcelain, believing that celadon tea bowls produced from Yue porcelain can best bring out the original flavor and aroma of tea and make the soup clear and clear.
The teahouses in Shaoxing in the old days were also places for the dissemination of folk culture. A piece of gavel was slapped loudly on the tea table. It was a storyteller, which really attracted visitors: a huqin and a board. , that is Shaoxing lotus falling. When the song reaches its climax, the tea guests either fell into silence or burst into laughter. At this time, even the "Tea Doctor" (the old name for teahouse clerks) forgot about his duties and stood in the corner listening to the song. In his later years, Mr. Lu Xun summarized the functions of teahouses in three articles: "Inquire about news, chat about your heart's content, and listen to stories."
Nowadays, the teahouse industry in Shaoxing urban area is in full swing, and the ancient Shaoxing teahouse will surely have a lasting legacy.
Nine - Dragon Boat Racing
Tracing back to the origin of Shaoxing Dragon Boat Racing, there are different opinions and there is no consensus, but there is no doubt that this cultural and sports activity has a long history and is very popular among the public. . There are records in local chronicles: "The boat race started in the country, King Goujian of Yue", and Lu You, the great poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, even wrote poems such as "How majestic Jishan is, the water in Zhejiang... watching the race in the empty alley". Shaoxing is a water town with criss-crossing rivers and rivers and lakes. This is an excellent competitive venue given by nature to Shaoxing people for dragon boat racing. Before the dragon boat race, the village is generally used as a unit to select personnel, form a participating team, dress uniformly, and practice frequently. At that time (such as the Dragon Boat Festival, etc.), each participating boat will go to an open area on the water surface. Each dragon boat will be equipped with an even number of about 10 rowers, and the left and right rowers will pair up to use the oars. In addition, there is a person at the head of the boat who holds a flag or a drum to direct and coordinate the pace and rhythm. There is also a helmsman at the back of the boat who holds a long oar and controls the direction while rocking. When the signal for the start of the race is given by the sound of gongs or the waving of flags, the dragon boats are like arrows flying off the strings, scrambling to be the first. The participants' blood is boiling, their nerves are tense, and they use all their strength. For a moment, the place where the oar was launched was like fluttering snow, and the sound of trumpets, drums and cheers from the audience came and went, resounding through the sky. The scene was very spectacular, and people were immersed in excitement and joy. After some dragon boats cross the finish line first and win, the drummer or flag waver on the bow will immediately perform acrobatics such as flying dragonflies, attracting unanimous applause from other contestants and the audience.
Historically, dragon boat races in Shaoxing were held not only during the day, but also at night. The dragon boat race at night is not necessarily about competing for speed and first place. It is about making use of the night and giving full play to the role of lights to closely integrate cultural entertainment and sports activities. As the boat sails, actors perform or sing to the accompaniment of silk orchestra, and the breeze blows, making it especially melodious. At this moment, the water surface becomes a world of lights, a world of joy, and a boiling world. Under the reflection of the lights, everything is beating and exciting, making people unable to calm down for a long time. After decades of cold and heat, people are still chewing the aftertaste.
Tenth - Huadiao Marrying a Girl
Huadiao is synonymous with Shaoxing wine, and it is a traditional famous wine that has been admired by celebrities and poets throughout the ages. Marrying a girl with flower carvings is one of the traditional customs with the most local characteristics in Shaoxing.
Tong Zhongsan, the most handsome, upright and upright among the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" in the Jin Dynasty, his son Jihan was the original master of recording flower carvings. Ji Han recorded it in detail in "Southern Grass and Trees": "There is a girl in the south who is several years old and is making a lot of wine. When the ground in Dongling is exhausted, she puts wine poppies in it and closes it tightly in the pit. When the water is full in the spring, there will be no water. It happened again. When a girl is about to get married, she goes to the village to get wine to serve to the guests, which is called female wine. When it dries up, seal the jar containing the wine and bury it in the pond. Even when the pond is full of water in spring, they are not dug out. Only when the daughter gets married, the wine buried in the original pond is dug out and used to entertain guests from both sides. This kind of wine is called female wine, and its aftertaste is excellent.
As a native of Shangyu, what Jihan records here is the historical fact of "marrying girls with flower carvings" that best represents Shaoxing customs. This aged "female wine" buried underground is called "Huadiao" because the packaging it is stored in is a carved and painted wine jar. Why are there carvings on the outside of the wine jar? It is the parents' best wishes for their daughter, a prayer and a hope hidden deep in their hearts. Nvjiu Huadiao is a fine wine served to the daughter of the family when she gets married, and is a testimony of the daughter's growth into adulthood. The time to drink Huadiao is the time to marry a girl. At this time, this is a happy event, a beautiful event, a blessing, and a joy.
In today's Shaoxing, it is difficult to find the complete process of Huadiao marriage. However, on the wedding day of a daughter, it is still necessary to use fine wine and high-quality Huadiao wine to truly entertain relatives and friends. Huadiao wine still contains the deep affection, expectation and wish of Shaoxing people for their married daughters.
Shaoxing City currently has more than 200 tourist attractions open to the outside world, among which the hometown of Lu Xun, Orchid Pavilion, Kuaiji Mountain Tourist Area, Keyan Scenic Area, Xinchang Buddhist Temple Scenic Area and Zhuji Wuxie Scenic Area are 4A-level tourism Scenic spots; East Lake, Zhou Enlai Memorial Hall, Shen Garden, and Zhuji Xishi’s Hometown Scenic Area are 3A-level tourist attractions. There are 28 scenic spots, including 1 national-level scenic spot: Huanjiang-Wuxie Scenic Spot in Zhuji City; 7 provincial-level scenic spots: Jianhu Lake, Xinchang Chuanyan Nineteenth Peak, Xinchang Big Buddha Temple, Xinchang Wozhou Lake, Shengzhou Nanshan Lake, Shangyu Cao'e River, and Houshan Scenic Area. There are 2 national-level water conservancy scenic spots: Huancheng River and Xinchang Wozhou Lake Scenic Spot. 1 national geopark: Xinchang Silicified Wood Geopark.
The city has 82 travel agencies, including 3 international travel agencies: Shaoxing International Travel Agency Co., Ltd., Shaoxing Overseas International Travel Agency Co., Ltd., and Shaoxing Business International Travel Co., Ltd.; there are 79 domestic travel agencies.
Commonly used telephone numbers for tourism
Tourism complaints: 96118
Cultural tourism company complaints: 0575-8338897
Highway passenger transport consultation complaints: 96520
Passenger taxi complaint: 96520