1. Dong Yu: "Sanyu" reading method.
Dong Yu, a famous scholar in the Han Dynasty, advocated using the "three excess" time to study. What about the "three excess"? He said: "Winter is the remainder of the year, night is the remainder of the day, and rain is the remainder of the sunshine." This means that in winter, there is no farm work. This is a spare time of the year; at night, it is dark and you cannot go out for activities. This is the free time in the day; on rainy days, when you cannot work in the fields, this is also the free time that can be used.
Seizing these three kinds of free time to read will definitely be effective. Of course, the Han Dynasty where Dong Yu lived was very different from the living environment and rhythm of our modern society, but his spirit of seizing every spare time to study is still applicable to us today.
2. Su Shi: "Being attacked from all sides" reading method.
The Northern Song Dynasty writer Su Shi's "enemies from all sides" reading method is a very famous reading method. The "eight sides" here refer to all aspects of the book. The research objects are divided into eight directions: east, south, west, north, southeast, northeast, southwest and northwest, and then defeated each one.
In "Another Reply to Wang Xiang Shu", he introduced the reading method he pioneered and practiced about his niece-in-law Wang Xiang's "inquiry": "A young man is a scholar, and he has studied every book thoroughly. "Books are as abundant as the sea, and they can be found in all kinds of stores. People can't take everything they want, but they can only get what they want." This means that good books are like knowledge. The ocean is rich in content. When reading a good book, you can read it with only one goal at a time, or explore and study only one aspect of the issue, rather than involving other goals or issues at the same time.
Therefore, every good book needs to be read several times. Over time, you will gain something. This is how Su Shi himself read the "Book of Han". The first time he studied "the way of governing the world", the second time he studied "the method of using troops", and the third time he studied the characters and official system. After reading it several times, Su Shi became familiar with many aspects of the "Book of Han".
3. Ouyang Xiu: "Count the words and recite them every day" reading method.
Ouyang Xiu, a literary giant in the Northern Song Dynasty, developed the reading method of "counting words and chanting every day" based on his own reading experience. He once selected ten books, including "The Classic of Filial Piety", "The Analects of Confucius" and "The Book of Songs", with about 50,000 words, and then stipulated that he should read 300 words every day, and it took him three and a half years to read them all. If you recite 150 words every day, it will take only seven years to memorize it. He said: "Although there are many books, it can be accumulated over time, so why not worry about it?" Indeed, over time, he memorized every book by heart. This method of counting words quantitatively every day, keeping a steady stream of water, and gathering things together is an effective method of reading.
4. Chen Shan: The reading method of "putting books in and writing books out".
Chen Shan, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote a book called "Xinhua on Menglu". He wrote in the book: "When reading, you need to know how to enter and exit. You should enter by the same reason at the beginning, and exit by the same reason at the end. Seeing kindness, this is the entry and exit. Calligraphy: Use it thoroughly, this is calligraphy. If you can't read it, you don't know the intention of the ancients; if you can't read it, you will die under the words."
The meaning of this passage is that when reading, you must know what is coming in and know what is coming out. Entering means to read into the book, understand it thoroughly, and master the essence of the content in the book; exiting means to jump out of the book and be able to flexibly use book knowledge to solve practical problems. When you start studying, you ask for in, and the ultimate goal of studying is to ask for out.
The "reading into books and out of books" reading method summarized by Chen Shan based on his own reading experience actually tells people to read while living, not dead. I need to study hard, digest and absorb the nutrients in the book, and use the knowledge in the book for my own use.
5. Zheng Banqiao: "Strive for refinement and quality" reading method.
own level and work needs. He said: "If you seek refinement, don't seek more. It's not less. Only fineness can transport more." In fact, Zheng Banqiao is not opposed to reading a lot of books, but he just emphasizes that multiple reading must be based on intensive reading, and the content of multiple reading must also use the knowledge gained from intensive reading to connect with new knowledge and focus on a topic in depth. Only by reading for refinement and not too much can you read the book and grasp the essentials.
In intensive reading, Zheng Banqiao also paid more attention to "asking". He believes that “the word “knowledge” needs to be taken apart and looked at.
Learning is learning, questioning is asking. People today have learning but no questioning. Although they have read thousands of books, they are just a dull man." He advocated reading and asking questions, so that "doubts will be relieved and traces of insight will be revealed."
6. Zhang Pu: "Seven Burns" reading method
Ming Dynasty scholar Zhang Pu's "Seven Burns" reading method emphasizes the combination of reading and writing, emphasizing "eyes, hands, and heart." ". His reading method is divided into three steps: the first step, every time he reads a new article, copy it neatly on the paper, and read it silently in his mind while copying it. The second step, after copying it, read it loudly Read it aloud. The third step is to throw the copied article into the furnace and burn it. After burning it, copy it again, read it aloud, and burn it again. Repeat this for seven or eight times. One article should be read ten times. Repeat it several times until you fully understand and memorize it.