Wuyishan is a perfect combination of mountains and water. Unlike wuyue, the tough lines of rocks mask the softness of water. If Guilin landscape is a perfect combination of mountains and water, then Wuyishan landscape is an impeccable natural creation. The phrase "Guilin's landscape is the best in the world, not as good as Wuyishan" confirms the status of Wuyishan.
Wuyishan mountain range is located at the junction of eastern Jiangxi and northwestern Fujian. It is a world famous mountain with a long history of geological evolution and development, and it is also a world famous mountain with typical geological representative significance, which was finally formed through orogeny within the mainland. Wuyi Mountain in Jiangxi is located on the northern slope of Huanggang Mountain in the northern part of Wuyi Mountain Range, and the southeast slope is adjacent to Wuyishan Nature Reserve in Fujian. It is the largest and most well-preserved forest ecosystem in the southeast mainland of China, and it is also the most well-preserved forest ecosystem in the same latitude zone in the world at present.
Wuyishan, as we usually say, refers to Wuyishan Scenic Area located in Wuyishan City, Fujian Province. Wuyishan Scenic Area is located in the middle of Wuyishan Mountains in Fiona Fang, covering an area of 60 square kilometers. The Jiuqu River in Panqu Mountain and the 36 peaks in Jiayasenlie, which are about 9 kilometers long, constitute a natural beauty of Bishuidan Mountain. It is a typical Danxia landform, known as "Qingshui Danshan" and "southeast of Qixiujia", and is one of the first national key scenic spots. Wuyishan is also a famous historical and cultural mountain. Zhu, Lu You, Xin Qiji and other historical and cultural celebrities have lived and lectured in Wuyishan successively, leaving many cultural heritages. In June 1 99965438+February1,Wuyishan was listed on the World Cultural and Natural Heritage List by UNESCO. Nowadays, Wuyishan Nature Reserve has become a good place to watch natural landscapes, explore natural mysteries, appreciate natural charm, carry out popular science education and publicize nature protection.
Wuyishan is located in the tropics and belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate zone. The annual temperature is not high, with little change between hot and cold, and the annual average temperature is 18.5 degrees. The hottest month in Wuyishan is July, and there is no particularly cold winter. It is a good place to avoid the cold, enjoy the cool, take a holiday and travel all year round. But the peak time of Wuyishan tourism is from May to the end of June, when there will be more people. March and April are rainy seasons. If you choose this time to come, you must remember to bring an umbrella.
Wuyishan is actually a group of superb megalithic sculptures and a group of rough megalithic symphonies. Wan Ren's boulder stands in the sky, rising out of thin air, leaving Lingyun shrouded in mist. The lines are strong and powerful, yet elegant and ethereal. They don't win by trivial things, but pay attention to spirit rather than appearance. The peak is a whole steep boulder, which is rare and beautiful.
Wuyishan is not a "mountain" because it is different from the mountains piled with earth and stone in Wuyishan vein. It is not like a famous mountain. Every mountain has to climb to appreciate its scenery, and Wuyishan doesn't have to climb. Surrounded by the flat land along the Jiuqu River, it is approachable and can enjoy spectacular mountain scenery everywhere. Wuyishan is the soul of the mountain, which is different from others because of the infiltration and nourishment of Jiuquxi water. Jiuquxi is the soul of water, which is outstanding because of the beauty of mountains. In some places, there are mountains without water, and there is water without mountains. Wuyishan Shan Qi is different in water and beautiful in mountains and waters. At the dock of the bamboo raft, along the stone steps, there is a "beautiful scene square" of white marble with a couplet inscribed by the famous calligrapher Pan Zhulan, "Where is the best place for such a famous mountain? Quite wonderful. " At the same time, it also gave a silent answer to the dispute between Wuyi and Guilin-Wuyi's wonderful show is the best in the world.
Feng Tianyou
Tianyou Peak is the first scenic spot in Wuyishan, located in the north of Liuquxi, behind Yinping Peak in Wu Qu, the central part of Wuyishan Scenic Area, with an altitude of 408.8 meters. It faces Qujiang in the north, Xianyou Rock in the east and Zhangxianfeng in the west. It stands on the Wan Ren, alone among the peaks, shrouded in mist. Surrounded by famous peaks on the top of the mountain, surrounded by Jiuqu River on three sides, Wuyi has a panoramic view. In the morning, white smoke and clouds pervade the valley, and the wind blows the clouds like the waves of the sea. Climbing to the top of the mountain, looking at the sea of clouds is unpredictable, just like being in Penglai fairyland and roaming the Qiongge Palace in Tiangong, hence the name "Tianyou".
Tianyou Peak is the best place to watch the sea of clouds and sunrise, and it is also the best place to enjoy the panoramic view of the nine scenes. After the rain, I saw the peaks in the clouds, just like being in Penglai fairyland, and sometimes I could see the wonderful "Buddha light"; After the clouds cleared, I looked around on the railing, and I had a panoramic view of streams and mountains, and Wuyi landscape. The hemp flow on the peak, with a drop of more than 100 meters, is elegant and natural, also known as "snow spring", and it is also a must in the mountain. There are also Miao Gaotai, Tianyouguan, Tianlong and Tianyou Pavilion on the mountain.
Tianyou peak can be divided into two peaks, the pavilion on the left is used for heaven. Below is the rugged hill, along the Mashan River, the second day's tour. The one-stop pavilion for one-day tour is close to the cliff and located at the top of Wan Ren, which is an excellent viewing platform. Looking from here, the vast sea of clouds, towering peaks, twists and turns, gently swaying bamboo rafts, panoramic view of Wuyi landscape, it is refreshing and unforgettable. Xu Xiake commented: "It can win Jiuqu without sailing against the current, and this peak is the first."
Chadong
Also known as Yuhua Cave, Sage Cave and Youwei Jasper Cave, it is said that the original tea is superior, hence the name. Bamboo shoots, Hidden Screen, Yuhua, Xianyou, Yin Qing and Zhang Xian are all surrounded by screens, and people are all hidden in holes like the bottom of the well. It was built in Shitang Temple in Tang Dynasty. Liu Heng in the Song Dynasty, Huang Daozhou in the late Ming Dynasty and Dong Tiangong in the Qing Dynasty all lived in seclusion in the tea cave, with sites such as Liu Yun Bookstore and Wang Xianlou. There are two trails in the north and south, which can climb bamboo shoots and God bless the two peaks respectively.
Avoid the peak
Because the peaks and peaks are square like screens, it is named. There is a sharp and straight stone in the west of the peak, and there are three transverse cracks in the middle, which is the bamboo shoot peak. The hidden screen trail is extremely steep, named "Chicken Breast" and "Dragon Ridge", originally excavated by Taoist Wang and Liu Duanyang in the Ming Dynasty. On the top of the hill are the ruins of Xuanyuan Taoist Temple and Wei Qing Taoist Temple, as well as Xianfan Street, Xianyiting and Nanyujing. It was called "hidden screen realm" in ancient times. On the bank of Pinglindu at the south foot of Fengfeng, there is a relic of Wuyi Jingshe built by Zhu. Winding to the top of the mountain to the east, you can roam the sky to the north, and you can reach Xiandiaotai from the southeast.
Wo Yun
Wo Yun is a unique landscape of Tianyou Peak, which is divided into upper and lower Wo Yun, with its back facing the water, surrounded by Xiangyan, Ludan Peak, Yuedui Peak, Tianyou Peak and Yinping Peak. There are many caves hidden under the upright rocks. In winter and spring, smoke often escapes from caves and hovers between mountains and stones, hence the name Wo Yun. In addition, there are sites such as Tiexiangshi, Hufuyan, Juledong, Shugui Jingshe, Shuiyunliao and Youxi Cao Lu, as well as facilities such as Shuiyue Pavilion and tea garden.
Shengyangyan
Sound Rock faces Wo Yun across the river. Because tourists can hear the echo when they laugh in front of the rock, it is also called "empty valley sound transmission" The inscriptions on the rocks are criss-crossed, dazzling, and only Zhu wrote three pictures, such as "The deceased is like this". There is a stone under the brook rock, named cuttlefish stone; On the right side of the rock, there is a stone called Laoyashi, which crosses the stream to form a dangerous beach called Laoyatan. Located in the southwest, standing by the water. This is the essence of cliff stone carvings in Wuyishan, with 23 cliff stone carvings carved from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, among which "The deceased is so" inscribed by the Song Dynasty philosopher Zhu is the most striking. On the rocks are the travel notes of Favor Cai, a Song Confucian, and Zhan Ruoshui, a Ming Confucian, which recorded the grand spread of Neo-Confucianism in Wuyishan. Celebrities in the Yuan Dynasty, Wu, and Bobby Chen, a hermit in the Ming Dynasty, all came here to watch Zhu's and Zhu's inscriptions, which are also listed in stone carvings. The beauty of Soundrock is that it can hear echoes. In addition to personally experiencing the beauty of hearing, I also verified the Taoist saying that "nothing is empty, nothing is empty" and "everything in the world is born, and everything is born". This is the ethereal beauty pursued by Taoism, and it is a realm that is detached from the secular and indifferent to utility. The east of the rock is opposite to Wugang, forming a trumpet-shaped dome. On the north shore opposite the dome valley, the peaks stand around the city wall, and the laughter of tourists echoes back and forth between the dome valley and the north shore peak wall for a long time. The name of sound rock came from this. At this point, tourists will shout a few times and experience the feeling of sound echoing.
Jiuqu Stream
Jiuquxi originated in the west of Wuyi Mountain, with abundant water and clear water quality, with a total length of 62.8 kilometers. It flows through the ecological protection zone in the middle, twists and turns in the Danxia landform in the east, and is distributed between peaks and valleys. Under the control of the direction of the deep fault, a deep meander is formed, surrounded by peaks and valleys. A meander of 9.5 kilometers, with a straight line distance of only 5 kilometers and a curvature of 1.9 kilometers. The banks of Jiuquxi River are typical Danxia landforms, with 36 peaks and 99 rocks. All the peaks and rocks are inclined, steep and gentle, with their heads held high to the east, and Malik is galloping with great momentum and different shapes. The superior climate and environment put a layer of green clothes on the mountain peak, and the green vegetation grows on the peaks and valleys at the foot of the mountain, creating the spectacle of "trees grow on stones" and forming a rare natural landscape.
In a secluded canyon in the south of the second district of Jiuquxi, there is a famous "sky view". The rock leans outward, covering three adjacent caves: Lingyan Cave on the left, wind tunnel in the middle (the wind blows all the year round in the cave, and the bones are cool), and Fuxi Cave on the right. At the entrance of Fuxi Cave, I looked up and saw a crack on the top of the rock, just like a sharp axe. It is only 65,438+0 meters wide and about 65,438+000 meters long. It leaks into the sky like a rainbow across the sky and is known as a "fantasy work".
Wuyi Palace is located in Qingchuan, the end of bamboo raft tour in Jiuquxi, with streams in front and Xiufeng and fertile rivers in the back. It is a place where tourists are concentrated. It is the place where emperors of past dynasties offered sacrifices to the king (god) of Wuyishan, and it is also one of the six famous scenic spots in the Song Dynasty. It is the oldest palace in Wuyishan, located at the foot of the great Wang Feng. Founded in the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty (742-755), it has been expanded to more than 300 rooms in the Song Dynasty, and it is known as the "Palace that worships you for thousands of years". Every Mid-Autumn Festival, Wu Yijun and Emperor Taimu are sacrificed. The existing two scenic spots, Longjing, Wannian Palace and Sanqing Hall, have been turned into scenic spots, including Imitation Song Commercial Street, Tea Scenery, Zhu Memorial Hall, Zhongshan Hall, Wanchun Botanical Garden, etc., and many tourist service facilities are provided.
Wannian palace
During the period from Ningzong to Xiding, 25 people, including Zhu, Lu You and Xin Qiji, came to Chongyou Temple to preside over the temple affairs, and Wannian Palace is now Zhu Memorial Hall.
Sanqingtang
At present, there are four precious inscriptions in the hall where Lanting College is located: Zhong Ding's tombstone poem, Dongtian Xianfu poem, Gong Mingyi's poem, and modern Guo Moruo's poem of visiting Wuyi.
Song Fang Street.
Song Fang Street is located in Wuyi Palace, with a total length of 300 meters and a north-south direction. There is a stone gate on the street, and an ancient gatehouse is built at the end of the street, imitating the architectural heritage of the Song Dynasty, with Zhu Memorial Hall as the leader.
Water Curtain Cave
Water curtain cave, water curtain cave, Wuyishan, formerly known as Tang Yaodong, is one of the 72 caves in Wuyishan and the largest cave in Wuyishan, located in the north of Zhang Tang. Entering the scenic spot, there is a row of small waterfalls flowing down from the top of Xiabin Rock, which is called Little water curtain cave. After climbing the stairs, we arrived in water curtain cave. The dangerous rock at the top of the cave is obliquely covered, and the cave is deeply hidden in the convergent rock waist. The mouth of the cave is inclined and open, the top of the cave is cool, the surrounding peaks are steep, and the canyon is deep and unique. The peaks and rocks are isolated, tilted, towering, stacked, cracked, grotesque and unpredictable. Two flying springs pour down from the top of the inclined overlying rock 100 meters, just like two Youlong spouting dragon saliva, floating in the mountains, and like two bead curtains, hanging from the sky to the earth, so it is also called the bead curtain hole.
Water curtain cave is full of carved vertical and horizontal Dan cliffs. Among them, there is a seal script, which extracts Zhu's famous sentence, "Ask the canal so clearly, because there is flowing water at the source." There are scenic spots inscribed with "water curtain cave" in the Ming Dynasty, and there are stone carvings of couplets of "It rains all day long on the eaves of ancient and modern times, and pearls are hung on the flowers in spring and autumn". Water curtain cave is not only famous for its scenery, but also a Taoist shrine in Wuyi Mountain. Since ancient times, Taoist temples have chosen this kind of building, making it a famous cave in the mountains. The cave is spacious and bright, and there are several layers of rocks at the bottom of the cave, which are long and strip-shaped, with stone tables and benches for people to rest. The whole cave covers an area of about 65,438+000 square meters, and there is a stone fence along the edge of the cave to enjoy the floating water curtain outside the cave. Through the bright crystal bead curtain, you can also enjoy the scenery of bonsai tea garden in the mountains.
Taoyuandong
Taoyuan Cave is located on both sides of Liudaowan in Wuyishan. It is extremely poor and deep, and the cliffs lean against each other to form a door, and then gently enter. Under the stone bridge, the stream flows, and it suddenly becomes flat and open. Sun and Moon release holes in the pool, and four peach forests in Zhou Qun. Tian Chou can have a dozen or twenty acres, just like Tao Yuanming's "Xanadu", hence the name. Taoyuandong Taoist temple covers an area of more than 6000 square meters. The main hall consists of Sanqing Hall, Huangyu Hall, Lingguan Hall and Shanmen (the central axis part), and the left and right subsidiary halls are composed of Huang San Yuan Jun Hall, Zhenwu Hall, Sanguan Hall and the Sutra Pavilion. Taoist temple was founded in Tianbao period of Tang Dynasty (742-756), when the immortal theory of Wuyishan attracted a large number of aristocratic scholars to practice in seclusion.
Kong, Zhuang and Ye, the female champions of the emblem, came to Wuyi to practice together. They all grew up in Taoyuan Cave and developed into a secluded paradise with peach trees and forests. Neo-Confucianism and Gao Shiwu in the Song Dynasty also practiced here, and the fifth ancestor of Taoism also lived in seclusion in Taoyuan for alchemy. In the Yuan Dynasty, Liu Wenjian Temple and Sanyuan Temple were expanded, mainly to worship the three officials, emperors and other gods. In the Ming Dynasty, Taoyuan Taoist Temple was very famous and was one of the main Taoist temples in Wuyishan. 1995 taoyuan Taoist temple and Wuyishan scenic spot raised funds to carve the world's largest stone carving of laojun.
Wuyishan is a famous tea producing area in southern China. There are 96,600 mu of tea gardens in the city, with an annual output of more than 80,000 tons of tea, most of which are exported. Wuyi Rock Tea, one of the top ten famous teas in China, is produced here, mainly including Dahongpao, Luohan, Shuigui, Bletilla striata, Sijichun, Evergreen, Cinnamon and Bai Mudan. Among them, "Dahongpao" is the most famous.
Wuyishan is the main producing area of Fujian bamboo shoots. There are mainly bamboo shoots, flower shell bamboo shoots, yellow bamboo shoots, bitter bamboo shoots, stalagmites, hemp bamboo shoots, whip bamboo shoots and so on. The most famous of these bamboo shoots is bamboo winter bamboo shoots. The "Yellow Mud Crown" and "White Meat Bamboo Shoots" produced here have the best quality and flavor, and are rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other inorganic substances, with extremely high nutritional value, and are regarded as the fine products among the "Bamin Mountain Treasures". In addition, the square bamboo shoots, purple bamboo shoots, swollen bamboo shoots and dwarf bamboo shoots in Wuyishan are also famous, precious and rare. Dried bamboo shoots in Wuyishan are deeply loved by people because of their special skills, mellow taste and earthy taste.
The main raw materials of Wuyishan cuisine are game such as snakes, rabbits, goats and muntjac, as well as pork, fresh fish, eggs, vegetables, beans, mushrooms, russula and bamboo shoots. Local specialties include golden bamboo shoots with chicken paste, shredded orchids and snakes, chrysanthemum grass carp and loach vermicelli.