I. Li He
Li He, born in 790 AD in Changgu, Henan Province, is a descendant of Li Liang, uncle of Tang Dynasty imperial clan Tang Gaozu Li Yuan. Because Wu Zetian was superior to others and wantonly killed the descendants of Li Tang, Li Liang, a distant relative, had been in disrepair for a long time, and Li Jinsu, Li He's father, was even more famous. Li Jinsu served as a county magistrate only once, but he died too early, leaving only his wife Zheng to raise the young Li sisters and make a living.
Li He, who is self-reliant and self-reliant, is not sad because of his family's decline. He always used Li Tang's imperial clan to encourage himself. When he was a child, Li He lived a poor life and often had no clothes to wear, but he didn't complain and still insisted on studying hard.
"Heaven rewards diligence", and Li He's hard-working deeds made him quickly famous in Beijing.
Li Shangyin wrote a story in Biography of Li Changji, saying that Li He rode a donkey with a backpack to find sentences during the day. Every time he met a good sentence, he put a book in his bag. In the evening, he "fumbled for the bag and tidied it up." Over time, Li He's knowledge has deepened.
At the same time, Li He was witty and talented since he was a child. He can write poetry at the age of seven and is good at calligraphy. He is good at "quick writing", from which Li He's talent is revealed and bloomed.
Unfortunately, the early death of his father, Li Jinsu, made Li He's fate bumpy. He originally wanted to go to Beijing to take the exam when 18 years old, but his father died and he had to mourn for three years according to the regulations.
Three years later, Li He, 2 1 year-old, was invited to take the Henan Provincial Government Examination organized by Han Yu, and his work "Le Yan Yueyue Examination in December of Henan Provincial Government" won the highest praise and became a high school student.
At the end of the year, Li He went to Kyoto to take the Jinshi exam. Suddenly, it was rumored that Li He's father, Li Jinsu, had the same pronunciation as "Jin" of "Jinshi", and Li He was unable to take the court exam because of his "notorious reputation". In desperation, Li He had to temporarily withdraw from the hospital and return to his hometown to be determined.
In May of the following year, Li He finally passed the imperial examination under the recommendation of Han Yu, and was named as a subordinate of Du Feng.
However, this position of Li He only lasted for three years. Because his wife was ill, Li He took time off to take care of his wife's affairs, that is, he fell ill with depression and had no choice but to resign and go home to recuperate. Later, he went to Luzhou as Zhang Che's chief of staff for three years. In 8 17 AD, after Zhang Che was recalled to Chang 'an, Li He had to resign and eventually returned to his hometown of Changgu due to illness, and died while sorting out poems.
Second, Li He's poems
Li He's road to being an official is simple and full of ups and downs. Although he was blessed by his ancestors and supported by Han Yu, Huang Fushi and other nobles, he was born at an inopportune time. After a long period of depression and sadness, he died in China and Britain, leaving a regret that he failed to fully display his ambitions all his life.
However, Li He's poems are brilliant for later generations. Together with Li Bai and Li Shangyin, they are called "the three great poets of the Tang Dynasty". His famous works include The Birthday Star of Wild Goose Gate, Songs of the Golden Bronze Immortal, Divine Comedy and so on. And he also created a poetic genre "Dragon Ridge Style".
Therefore, Li He has a reputation as a "long-term genius".
The famous Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing is an immortal masterpiece written by Han Yu, a rare and famous minister Li He 18, who met the literary masters at that time in Luoyang in 808, and was later known as the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties".
Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds in an attempt to tear down the city wall; Our army was ready, and the sun shone on the armor, glittering with gold.
In autumn, the loud bugle sounded; The soldier's blood became dark in the night.
The red flag rolled half, and the reinforcements rushed to Xiao; The night frost is heavy and the drums are gloomy.
I want to report to you on the golden platform, and I want to take Yulong to your death.
This frontier poem was recognized by Han Yu, so Li He was paid more attention. Later, Li He was banned by rumors when he took the court exam in Beijing. Han Yu also wrote an article "Avoiding Debate" for him, questioning the court: "If the father's name is Jin Su, his son can't be admitted to Jinshi; If the father's surname is Ren, will the son stop being a man? "
Even so, it can't change the reality. The cold system is there and becomes a bloody sword. Li He finally failed to take the Jinshi exam, but Han Yu and Huang Fushi had no choice but to visit Li He in person. Moved, Li He wrote Guo and Ren Zaxu Huangfu's to thank him.
Later, on the recommendation of Han Yu, Li He finally became Li Lang at the age of 22. "To the Restaurant" was written by Li He during this period, among which there are eternal famous sentences:
I have lost my soul and can't call it back. A rooster, the world is bright.
Young people should have ambition, who will pity you alone and sigh?
After Li He left Chang 'an, Kyoto, he poured out his grief and indignation to the Golden and Copper Immortals and wrote the famous "Golden and Copper Immortals Ci Han Ge":
Maoling Liulang is a guest in the autumn wind, and I heard Ma Si's ignorance at night.
The osmanthus tree in the painting column hangs autumn fragrance, and the soil in the thirty-six palaces is green.
Wei Guan led the car a thousand miles, and the sour wind in Dongguan made the eyes thank.
Empty sent John out of the palace door, thinking of your tears like lead water.
Declining orchid to send guests to Xianyang Road, if the sky is old.
The lonely moon is bleak, and the acropolis is low.
After witnessing the rise and fall of the Han Dynasty and knowing the downfall of the later Tang Dynasty, the immortal of gold and bronze was "tearful as lead water", but he still could not bear to leave Chang 'an and expressed his grief and indignation. He has been in Beijing for three years, but he is a little servant and has little hope in his career. Now that my wife died young, I'd better leave Chang 'an and take care of my wife's descendants.
The whole poem reveals Li He's hopelessness and desolate mood.
Third, the influence of Li Heshi.
In Li He's poems, some timeless sayings are thrown out, such as "The cock crows and the world is white" and "If there is love in the sky, the sky will be old", which have been used and quoted by later generations and become well-known sayings:
The words "Huanxisha and Mr. Liu Yazi" have already been used: a rooster crows, the world is white, ten thousand parties play music, and poets are more prosperous.
"The seven laws. "The People's Liberation Army Occupy Nanjing" also quoted the poem "If the sky is affectionate, the sky will be old" and changed it to "If the sky is affectionate, the sky will be old, and the world will be vicissitudes of life", emphasizing that the development and change of things are natural laws, and people should take the right path whenever possible.
Li He's poem "Li Ping Yong Yin" has also been included in the People's Education Edition "High School Chinese", which is listed as an elective course to appreciate China's ancient poems.
During Li He's tenure as Feng Lilang, this poem, with rich imagination, turned his feeling of being good at playing graceful and restrained things into a cold and icy late autumn, and was introduced into the heaven and the sacred mountain through the fairy tale "Goddess of Mending Heaven". The magical artistic conception brought by music such as "Wu Gang's Cutting Gui" and "Old Fish Jumping Waves" is touching. The whole poem is full of romanticism and is memorable.
In addition, there are descriptions of the haunted world in Li He's poems, which are eerie and creepy to read. In fact, this is just a social atmosphere in which poets criticize current politics, indulge in superstition and pursue immortality by writing about the false birth of ghosts and gods.
For example, "A hundred-year-old owl turns into a wooden charm and laughs in the fire nest" in the fairy song, "A picturesque pine blossom with a ghost lamp" in "Walking in Nanshan Field" and "The ghost in the autumn grave sings Bao poetry and hates blood for thousands of years" in the movie.
These poems describing ghosts in solitary graves are integrated with the poet Li He's mood, expressing his anguish through ghosts and displaying his unique artistic image, which is the main reason why Li He's hometown was named "Shi Gui" as "a ghost talent".
Fourth, about the "dragon auspicious style"
Li He created a unique poetic genre-"Changji Style", mainly to commemorate his unique writing style of "Leng Yan's wonderful beauty". Because of its word "Changji", it is called "Changji Style".
Li He's "long auspicious style" poems have three main characteristics:
First, the conception is unique, and the words "bitter, cold, cold, soul, ghost, blood, cold, weeping, fishy smell, death and blood" are used in the wording, creating a sad and strange atmosphere and giving people a feeling of "grand and strange". For example, Qiu Lai:
Autumn wind hits the heart, the strong man works hard, there is a faint light, and the owl cries for weaving a warm dress.
Who will read the book I wrote with bamboo slips in the future, and don't moth it into dust and holes?
This thought involves, my stomach should be worried tonight, the rain is cold, like an ancient poet comforting a hanging soul.
In the autumn night, in the cemetery, Bao's poems were recited, and their blood feud turned into jasper on the earth, which is hard to disappear for thousands of years.
The whole poem is composed of images such as "Tong Feng, residual lamp, cold element, Leng Xiang, autumn grave, hatred and blood", which constructs a bleak picture. This is Li Heshi's unique style: mysterious and bizarre, and creepy to read.
Second, images of aging and death are often used, grotesque and gorgeous words are often borrowed, or myths and legends are used to express unique artistic charm. For example, in "Tian Yao", "Tianhe turns to the stars at night, and the silver pool flows to learn the sound of water", and in "Dream of Heaven", "The old rabbit cries, and the cloud floor is half-open and the wall is white" and so on.
Thirdly, influenced by Yuefu and Chuci, they wrote more classical poems, Yuefu poems, chose the same words and made the same sentences, paid attention to "bitter songs", were better at "short" essays, borrowed from the past and compared the present, and honed their language with rich imagination, thus achieving the effect of "writing interesting and concise". For example, The History of Horse (V): The desert sand is like snow, and the Yanshan moon is like a hook. Don't be a golden brain, go and step on the clear autumn. South Garden (5): Why don't men take Wu Gou and accept fifty states in Guanshan? Please go to see the paintings of the founder heroes with pictures. Another scholar was once called the aristocrat of a million families?
Author brief introduction Li Dakui, male, Han nationality, Meitan, Guizhou, literature lover.