Edit this long Sao narrative poem
(1) Introduction
"Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" is a narrative poem in Sao style, with a total length of 1297 words. Mao Qian's Poems of Yuefu (Volume 59) and Zhu's Poems after Chu Ci (Volume 3) were originally published, and the two texts were slightly different. Whether this poem was written by Cai Wenji is controversial in academic circles.
Cai Wenji's Poem of Sorrow and Indignation is a five-character poem with 108 sentences. Academics have the same view on this poem, which is generally believed to be written by Cai Wenji, but some scholars think it is a folk work.
(2) Text
I did nothing at the beginning of my life, but after I was born, the Han Dynasty declined. Heaven is ruthless and chaotic, and the earth is ruthless, which makes me meet this time. The road is dangerous and the people are in exile. Smoke and dust cover the wild, land rover prospers, and ambition is good and righteousness is lacking. Humiliated. Who should I sue? After a while, I knocked on the piano, feeling angry and resentful.
Rong Jie forced me to get married and pushed me to the horizon. Yunshan is heavy, and the wind blows thousands of miles, raising dust and sand. Many people are violent and fierce. Like snakes, they are arrogant and extravagant. Two beats and one string, the string is heartbroken, heartbreaking and sad.
It is better to have no life than to go to the country of Yue Han and enter the city of Hu. Felt hair is shocking and flesh and blood, and what goes around comes around is boring to curb my feelings. Drums are ringing from the night, and Hu Feng is dark. Today's sadness is the triple beat of gold, and it is flat when the sad beast hates it.
I miss my hometown day and night, which is the most bitter. There is no owner in the natural disaster country, and only I am unlucky. Different customs and different physical difficulties, different appetites, who can talk! It's sad to think about how hard it is to remember clearly.
The wild goose south wants to speak, and the wild goose north goes west to win Han Qing. Wild geese fly high, hard to find, but heartbroken and homesick. The folding of the eyebrows caressed Ya Qin to the moon, and the five strokes were profound.
First frost is cold and hungry, so you can't eat meat and cheese. At night, I sobbed in the water. I saw the Great Wall, and the road was full of apricots. Looking back, it is difficult to pack your bags, and six beats of sadness come and go.
As the sun sets, the wind wails. I don't know who I'm talking to! Vilen is depressed, guarding Wan Li, vulgar, old, weak and young. There are aquatic plants to build homes and repair bases, and cattle and sheep gather in the wild like bees and ants. When the grass is exhausted, the sheep and horses are moved, and the seven beats are hateful.
Why don't you see me wandering alone? God, what happened? I live up to God. What makes me different? I failed my God. Why should I go to the desert state? I did eight beats to relieve my worries, but I didn't know my heart was turning to worry.
The sky is boundless and my heart is sad. Life is fleeting, but I can't be happy in my prime. I want to ask the truth, but the sky is gray and I have no chance. Looking up at the clouds and smoke, nine beats are nostalgic. Who is it?
The beacon fire in Chengtou has not been extinguished. When will the battlefield stop? The murderous look rushed to the door, and Hu Feng blew the moonlight. Hometown sound insulation, crying silently. A lifetime of hard work and parting, ten times of sadness and tears into blood.
I must live to eat and die to hate, so I can't dedicate my body and my heart. I still want to return to mulberry, and I have been dead for a long time. Sun, Moon and Sun are in Rongji, and the Hu people spoil me and have two sons. Bow's education has no sense of shame, but his thoughts are getting bigger and bigger. There is a beat in ten miles, and because of this, sorrow and joy are lingering.
Dongfeng responds to the law and has a lot of heating, so we know that the Han family is the son of heaven and the cloth and clothes are harmonious. The Qiang people danced wildly and sang praises, and the two countries went to war with each other. Suddenly, I met an envoy of the Han Dynasty. He gave me a phone call that was almost imperial and asked my daughter to redeem my concubine. I am very happy to be alive, and I am also very happy to meet the Star King. I am happy to say goodbye to my children, I will be stateless. Nine times out of ten, it is difficult to live in two emotions.
This doesn't mean I can't live, but I have to go back and caress Hu and gamble. Ambassador China greeted me. Who knows? Life and death come with me at this time, worrying about losing my glory as a child. How can I have wings to give you back? Step by step, it is difficult to move, and the soul disappears. There are three beats in ten, and the strings are anxious and sorrowful, and the intestines are stirring.
When I get home, my son won't follow me, and my heart hangs like I'm hungry. Everything in the four seasons has ups and downs, but I am sad and temporarily motionless. The mountains are high and the sea is wide. I will see you all my life. I dreamed that you came to Sri Lanka at night. Holding hands in a dream is a kind of joy and a kind of sadness, but it hurts after sleeping. Nine times out of ten, tears are falling, the river is flowing east, and I am thinking.
Fifteen beats, a holiday, a promotion, and a full chest. Who knows music? It's unusual in the vault. I hope I can come back, I hope I can be happy again. My heart is full of sorrow and sorrow. The sun and the moon are selfless and never shine. It is no wonder that mother and son are separated, and the same day is more and more like a reference in business, and life and death are unknown.
Sixteen beats, endless thoughts, my son and I stand on our side. The sun faces the east and the moon faces the west, so don't be heartbroken. I am worried about camping grass, but I won't forget it. Sorry to play the piano! I don't want to go back to my hometown today. Old grievances are settled and new grievances are long! Blood and tears look up and complain to the gray son, Hu lives alone!
Seventeen patted Xi's heart, his nose was sour, and it was difficult for Guan Shan to stop Xi. I went with a lot of thoughts, but I didn't think long when I came. Filled with branches and dried leaves of Artemisia annua, the battlefield was scarred and covered with bones, knives and arrows. In spring and summer, the wind and frost are cold and the people are hungry and weak. I was so heavy that I entered Chang 'an. I sighed my heart and my tears dried up.
Hu Jia was born out of Hu and turned out the same melody. Although the 18th beat of Xi Qu is over, it sounds memorable. It is a work that knows the subtleties of bamboo silk, and the joys and sorrows change with people's hearts. Hu and Han are different, and heaven and earth are separated. I am bitter in heaven, complaining about others, and the breadth of Liuhe is intolerable!
(3) Appreciation
Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia is a touching masterpiece, written by Cai Wenji. Appreciate this poem, don't read it as ordinary written literature, but think that Cai Wenji, an unfortunate woman, is playing the piano and singing by herself, and the piano is flowing with her heart. Accompanied by the piano and singing, we seem to see that she is walking on a long road paved with humiliation and pain. ...
She began to appear in the background of the great turmoil of the times, and the first shot was the background of "chaos": Land Rover was powerful, wars were everywhere, and the people were in exile. At the end of the Han Dynasty, there was chaos in the world. Eunuchs, consorts, and warlords have taken control of state affairs, and peasant uprisings, warlord scuffles, and foreign invasions have broken out one after another. In the poem written at the end of the Han dynasty, "a louse is born, and the surname is dead." Bones are exposed in the wild, and there is no cock crow for thousands of miles. " And so on, are the true portrayal of the turmoil at that time. During the war, he was robbed to the west by Hu Qi.
Exile is the beginning and root of her painful life, so the second beat in the poem is devoted to describing her exile, while in the tenth beat, "Leaving is a hard life" shows that the unhappiness in her life stems from exile. During the twelve years when she was forced to stay in the southern Xiongnu, she suffered great pain in life and spirit. Alakazam's nature is harsh: Hu Fenghao is good, first frost, Yuan Ye Depression, and Running Water Sobs. The life of local conditions and customs is strange to her. Clothes made of fur are scary to wear: "Felt hair is shocking to your flesh and blood." Eating meat and milk stinks and I can't swallow it. "It's a taste to contain my feelings." Living in a shack made of temporary grass rafts and dried cattle and sheep manure; When excited, they beat drums, revel, sing and dance all night. In a word, she can't adapt to the harsh natural environment in Alakazam, and she can't stand the different living habits of Hu people and Han people. So she sang "Who can talk to people with different desires?" And what she can't stand most is the spirit.
Mentally, she suffered double humiliation: as a Han nationality, she became a prisoner of the Hu people; As a woman, she was forced to marry the conference semifinals. The so-called "kindness and righteousness loss" in the first shot refers to this double humiliation. In the case of physical and mental suffering, missing and returning to her hometown has become the most important spiritual force to support her to live strong. The main content from the second shot to the eleventh shot is to write about her homesickness. The fourth beat, "I don't miss my hometown day and night", the tenth beat, "My hometown is dusty, and I will swallow it when I cry silently", and the eleventh beat, "I still hope to return to Sangban" are all touching words that directly express my homesickness. The fifth beat is the most touching one, which is about homesickness. In this shot, Cai Wenji carved a distant and profound scene with her persistent affection: in autumn, she looked forward to the blue sky and the geese flying south to bring her voice to the border; In spring, she looked up at the clouds and the sky and looked forward to the news of her native land brought by the return of wild geese in the north. But the geese have all flown away from the height of the factory, so it is difficult to find them. She couldn't help feeling heartbroken and ecstatic. In the eleventh shoot, she revealed her inner humiliation and the secret of drag out an ignoble existence: "I hate it, because I am not greedy for life, I can't donate my body." I am still eager to return to Mulberry, I have been buried in my bones. "Finally, she survived a long twelve years and realized her long-cherished wish to return to her hometown." Suddenly I met an envoy of the Han Dynasty, called him imperial edict, and sent his daughter to redeem my concubine. "However, this joy is fleeting. At the same time, a new melancholy cloud floated by. She thought that the day she survived was also the time to say goodbye to her two biological sons. In the twelfth beat, it says, "I'm glad to be alive, but I'm glad to meet a saint." I am happy to say goodbye to my children. "Nine times out of ten, two beats are both sad and happy, and it is difficult to live in two emotions." This is a frank explanation of this ambivalence. From the first 13, Cai Wenji turned to describe that he couldn't stand being separated from his son. As he spoke, he swallowed and his heart sank with grief. The thirteenth beat writes about other children, and the fourteenth beat writes about dreams, "Hugging Hu clothes." ..... step by step, never move, the soul will never move. ""the mountains are high and the seas are wide. I will see you all my life. In my dream, you came to Sri Lanka in the middle of the night. Holding hands in a dream, one is happy and one is sad, and it hurts after sleeping. "It's so touching, so touching. In the Song Dynasty, Fan said in "Talking about Bed at Night": "This must be returned to another son. When he experienced his suffering, his words were deafening. Resentment, mourning for the old, as new as a thousand years; Even if you use the holy pen, you can't bear to delete it. "Cai Wenji's sense of separation and the pain of separation have been with her, leaving Alakazam and returning to Chang 'an. The humiliating life is over, and a new misfortune: the pain of losing parents and children has just begun. "Hu is different, and the quilt of heaven and earth is separated from Mu Dong. I am suffering from heaven and complaining about others, although it is wide and unbearable. " It was here that the whole poem came to an end and stopped playing, thus completing Cai Wenji's tragic life journey of complaining to heaven.
Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia not only reflects Cai Wenji's poor life, but also reflects her superb talent. Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia has a strong subjective lyrical color in shaping the artistic image of the protagonist, Cai Wenji himself, and even in narration. It is written that he was banished to the West, gave birth to two sons in Alakazam, and returned to Chang 'an, all of which are affectionate sighs. For example, "The Yunshan Mountains are all returned to Lu Yu, which is popular for thousands of miles and raises dust and sand. Many people are as violent as crazy snakes, and they are arrogant and extravagant, which shows Cai Wenji's clear feelings of love and hate everywhere-"Yunshan" is connected with the thought of homeland, and "flurry" is connected with the suffering of the journey. Strong subjective lyricism is mainly reflected in the suddenness of emotional expression. Cai Wenji's feelings, often come suddenly, go suddenly, jump and changeable, incredible. The so-called "thinking without orientation" is to rebuild the Yaochi at the seaside. And the poem points the finger at heaven and God: "Heaven is ruthless and chaotic, and the ruthless nature makes me encounter this." "Why don't you see me wandering alone? God, what happened? I live up to God. What makes me different? I failed my God. Why should I go to the desert state? "Send to Heaven and Go to Earth" reflects Cai Wenji's feelings of "the sky is boundless and my heart is sad" and "I have bitterness in heaven".
Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia is of great artistic value. Lu Shiyong, a Ming Dynasty man, said in A Review of Poems and Mirrors: "The wind fell in Tokyo, and Ying Ying, Cai Wenji, became a talent. Reading "Hu Yiyin" can make people feel shocked, and the wind and sand are flying, which is really fierce. "
The high artistic value of Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia is related to Cai Wenji's talent, and Cai Wenji's talent is caused by her family background and social background.
(4) Author
Chae Yeon (about 177-? ): That is, Cai Wenji, a famous pianist at the end of the Han Dynasty, is said in history books to be "well-read, versatile and good at temperament." Father Cai Yong is a close friend of Cao Cao. Cai Wenji is famous for her Moon Hee and mingji, and her father is a famous scholar Cai Yong.
Cai Yong is Cai Boxiao, and there is a lyric of Pipa, which says that Cai is afraid that after winning the top prize together, he will deny his wife Zhao Wuniang and not marry the daughter of the Prime Minister, which can be said to be a deep slander to the ancients. There was no champion in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and there was no such thing as not marrying the prime minister's daughter. In this regard, Lu You once lamented in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Who is in charge behind the scenes and listens to Cai Zhonglang every other village."
It is impossible for Cai Yong to win the highest prize, but it is a fact that his talent was universally recognized at that time. During the reign of Emperor Ling of Han Dynasty, there were many errors in his school books, so he wrote them on stone tablets and stood outside the university. At that time, young students were studying in this stone, and they looked at what Mo wrote every day. These stone tablets were damaged by unrest and fire in Luoyang. 1800 years later, farmers in the suburbs of Luoyang dug up several stones with handwriting on them when plowing their fields. They were identified as Cai Yong's calligraphy in those days, and now they are treasured in the History Museum.
Cai Yong is a great writer and calligrapher. Liang Wudi called him: "The book of Cai Yong is full of vigor and vitality, and it is refreshing." Fan Wenlan, a contemporary historian, said: "The art of writing in the Han Dynasty reached its highest level when Cai Yong wrote the Shijing." His calligraphy is neat but not dull, quiet and vivid. In addition to the Book of Songs in Jiaping, it is said that Cao E's tablet was also written by him, with natural composition, strong brushwork and ups and downs of words, without seeking beauty, but with simple and innocent interest.
Besides, Cai Yong is good at astronomy, mathematics and physics. He is a leader in Luoyang's literary world, such as Yang Ci, Ma, and Cao Cao, who later became a great master. He often goes to Cai Yong House and asks Cai Yong for advice.
Cai Wenji was born in such a family. It is natural that he is knowledgeable, literate, good at poetry and prose, articulate and cadence. It can be said that Cai Wenji had a happy childhood, but the changes of the times interrupted this happiness.
Cai Wenji married Wei Zhongdao at the age of 16. The Wei family was a royal family in Hedong at that time, and Wei Zhongdao was an excellent university student. The couple loved each other very much, but it didn't last long. Less than a year later, Wei Zhongdao died of hemoptysis. Never gave birth to a son and a half daughter, the Wei family thought she killed her husband. At that time, Cai Wenji, who was arrogant, resolutely returned to his family despite his father's opposition. After his father died in prison, Wenxi was plundered by Xiongnu. She was only 23 years old this year and was accepted as a princess by Zuo. She lived in South Xiongnu for 12 years and gave birth to two sons. During this time, she also learned to play Hu Jia and some foreign languages.
In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Cao Cao remembered the friendship of his good friend Cai Yong and learned that Moon Hee was living in the southern Xiongnu. He immediately sent Zhou Jin as an envoy with a pair of gold and white jade to redeem her. She is thirty-five years old this year. Under the arrangement of Cao Cao, she married Dong Si, a captain, and the famous "Battle of Red Cliffs" broke out this year.
When Cai Wenji and Dong Si got married, the couple's life was not very harmonious at first. Cai Wenji suffered from chaos and sadness, and he was often in a trance; While Dong Si was in his prime, he was born with good looks, read widely and thought highly of himself. She naturally felt a little uncomfortable with Cai Wenji, but at the behest of the Prime Minister, she was forced to accept her. In the second year after marriage, Dong Si committed a crime and died. Regardless of bad blood, she came to the Prime Minister's Office of Cao Cao to plead. Cao Cao remembered the friendship with Cai Yong in the past and the tragic life experience of Cai Wenji. If Dongsi was executed, Wenxi could hardly survive, so he forgave Dongsi.
From then on, Dong Si appreciated his wife's kindness and re-evaluated Cai Wenji. The husband and wife also saw through the world and lived in the foothills with beautiful scenery and lush trees. A few years later, Cao Cao passed by hunting and visited. Cai Wenji and Dong Si have a son and a daughter. The daughter married Sima Shi, the son of Sima Yi.
Wenxi was married three times in her life, and her fate was bumpy. Ding Kuang described her marriage in Aifu, Cai Bo as follows:
The daughters of a large number of people in Iraq are naturally blessed by God;
China twenty-eight years, Deng Lin fresh.
The six pillars of the Ming Dynasty are still true and serve the language of women's history;
After attending the Qing training in the imperial court, you can understand the cloud.
When there is a beautiful month in March, return to the sky;
Drag Rodin's petticoat and wear Cui Jin's gorgeous glitter.
Envy and glory with hair, sorrow and frost have been countless;
How can we grow old together and enjoy our old age?
Wenxi is well-read and gifted in music. When she was 6 years old, she listened to her father playing the piano in the hall. Through the wall, she recognized the voice of his father playing the first string. Father was surprised and deliberately broke the fourth string, which was actually pointed out by her. When she grew up, she became a piano superman. She misses her motherland in Alakazam day and night. After returning to the Han Dynasty, referring to the timbre of Hu people and combining his own tragic experience, he composed a sad and heartbreaking piano piece, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia. After her marriage with Dong Si, she became sentimental, separated and wrote a poem of grief and indignation, which was the first autobiographical five-character narrative poem in the history of China's poetry (of course, some people thought it was forged).
According to legend, when Cai Wenji interceded for Dong Si, Cao Cao was deeply saddened to see Cai Wenji in the severe winter, and ordered someone to bring her a headscarf, shoes and socks and let her live in her own house until Dong Si came back. In a small talk, Cao Cao expressed his admiration for the original library in Cai Wenji. Cao Cao was deeply disappointed when Cai Wenji told him that the 4,000 books originally hidden in his home were lost after several wars. He was overjoyed when he heard that Cai Wenji could recite 400 articles. So Cai Wenji wrote 400 articles from memory, which is completely correct, showing that Cai Wenji's talent is high.
Edit this passage, one of the top ten famous ancient songs in China.
There was chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, and it was a bonfire year after year. Cai Wenji was captured by Huns during his escape and lived in the Great Wall. Later, he married Zuo and gave birth to two children. She spent twelve spring and autumn years outside the Great Wall, but she missed her hometown all the time. Cao Cao pacified the Central Plains, made peace with the Xiongnu, and sent messengers to redeem Moon Hee with a large sum of money, so she wrote the famous long poem "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", describing the unfortunate experiences in her life. Qin Ge has editions such as Big Hu Jia, Little Hu Jia and Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia. Although the tunes are different, they all reflect the extremely contradictory and painful feelings that Cai Wenji missed his hometown and could not bear to be separated. Music euphemistically mourns and tears the liver and intestines.
Eighteen beats of Hu Qie is a lyric poem of the ancient Yuefu, with one beat and 18 chapters as * * *, hence the name, which embodies the theme of "Happy Moon Returning to Han". During the war at the end of Han Dynasty, Cai Wenji lived in South Xiongnu for twelve years. As Zuo's wife, she misses her hometown very much. When Cao Cao sent someone to take her back to the mainland, she had to leave two children behind. The joy of going home was overwhelmed by the pain of separation of flesh and blood, and her mood was very contradictory.
Guqin is said to be a vocal suite composed of 18 songs, accompanied by Qin. "Pai" is the "first" in Turkic, hence the name "Hu Jia", which is why the sound of the piano melted Hu Che's wailing. It shows Wenxi's homesickness, ionic sadness and awesome resentment. At present, Qin Le is the most popular one.
There was chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, and it was a bonfire year after year. Captured by the Hungarian Empire and exiled to the Great Wall, he later married Zuo and gave birth to two children. She spent twelve spring and autumn years outside the Great Wall, but she missed her hometown all the time. Cao X pacified the Central Plains, made peace with the Huns, and sent evil messengers to redeem Moon Hee with a large sum of money, so he wrote the famous long poem "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", describing her life's misfortunes. Qin Ge has editions such as Big Hu Jia, Little Hu Jia and Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia. Although the tunes are different, they all reflect the extremely contradictory and painful feelings that Cai Wen missed his hometown and could not bear to be separated. Music euphemistically mourns and tears the liver and intestines.
Huang, a pianist in the Tang Dynasty, was famous for being good at playing this piece. Li Jie's "Listening to Dong Da's Exalting" has a saying: "Mrs. Cai wrote this song for 18 verses for a long time, and the Tatar shed tears and grass, and the Han made him sad." In Qin music, Wenxi empathizes with sound, borrows Hu Jia's music which is good at expressing homesickness and sadness, and blends into the timbre of guqin, showing a noble resentment.
There are two kinds of biographies at present. One is Qin Song in Qin Shi (16 1 1 year edition) in Ming Dynasty, whose ci is Cai Wenji's narrative poem of the same name; First, the solo music recorded in the piano score of Chengjiantang in the early Qing Dynasty and its later scores, the latter is widely circulated in the piano world, especially the notation in Wang Zhizhai's piano score is the most representative.
The eighteen passages of the whole song * * * use three modes: Gong, Zheng and Yu. The contrast and development of music are distinct and divided into two levels. The first ten beats mainly describe the author's homesickness when he was in Woody. The latter level expresses the author's hidden pain and sadness when bidding farewell to young children.
The whole song of this song is inseparable from the word "sadness", which has been adapted into a wind solo. When playing wind instruments, the plaintive voice penetrates people's hearts, the high ones are melancholy, and the low ones are deep and sad.
Cai Wenji's Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia was praised by Guo Moruo as "the most enjoyable long sentence since Qu Yuan's Lisao".
The whole poem consists of eighteen paragraphs and eighteen complete sets of songs. Guo Moruo said that in Turkic, the word "first" is called "beat", and eighteen beats are eighteen songs. Because this poem was written by Hu Jia for crying, it was named "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" or "Hu Jiaming". Originally A Qin music, it gradually evolved into two different instrumental music after Wei and Jin Dynasties, called "Dahujiaming" and "Xiaohujiaming". The former is a direct biography of Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia.
Huang, a pianist in the Tang Dynasty, was famous for being good at playing this piece. Li Jie has a poem "Listen to Dong Da's Blowing an Essay": "This song was written by Mrs. Cai. In ancient times, 18 verses were sung one by one, and even the Tatars shed tears on the grass, which made Han feel sad and returned home." It is a summary of the content of the song. The existing music scores were first found in the book The Secret Book of Magic published by 1425, which is called "Hu Jia Da Xiao". They are all instrumental music without lyrics. Singing piano music "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia" was first written by Sun Pixian in the thirty-ninth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 16 1 1), and it is the most widely circulated music book now. Its lyrics are Wen Xi's "I didn't do anything at the beginning of my life ...". Music basically adopts the method of one word and one sound, which has the characteristics of early songs. From the first beat to the ninth beat, as well as the twelfth and thirteenth beats, the ending is the same, influenced by the Han Dynasty and Daqu. The whole song is a six-Otoha tone, and the rising intrinsic sound (up to 5) and the high note formed in the mold (up to 1) are often used as tone external sounds. I feel sad and happy, which is quite touching.
It is also one of the top ten famous ancient songs in China.