The collective name of the Northern Song Dynasty writers Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Chao Buzhi and Zhang Lei. Su Shi was the leader who presided over the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu. He enjoyed a huge reputation among the writers at that time. Many people were friends with him or accepted his guidance. Huang, Qin, Chao, and Zhang were all trained by him. , incentives and recommendations.
Among Su Shi's many disciples and admirers, he admired and valued these four people the most. The first person to mention and publicize their names was Su Shi himself. He said: "For example, Huang Tingjian, Lu Zhi, Chao Buzhi Wujiu, Qin Guan Taixu, Zhang Lei Wenqian and others were all unknown to the world, but Shi was the only prophet." ("Reply to Li Zhao□ Book") Because of Su Shi's Thanks to their reputation, the four of them soon became famous all over the world.
"Song History? Wenyuan (6) Biography of Huang Tingjian" records: "(Huang Tingjian) visited Su Shi's gate with Zhang Lei, Chao Buzhi and Qin Guan, and he was known as the Four Scholars in the world."
However, the title of "Four Scholars of the Soviet Union" only indicates that these four writers have received Su Shi's favor and guidance, and have accepted his literary influence. It does not mean that they or they and Su Shi can be collectively referred to as a literary school. . In fact, the four bachelors had different attainments, were influenced by Su Shi to varying degrees, and had very different literary styles. For example, Huang Tingjian's poems created his own genre, and he is called Su Huang together with Su Shi; Qin Guan's main achievement is in his lyrics, but his lyrics do not follow Su Shi's path. The content of his works is mostly lyrical, and there are also sentimental works about his life experience. The style is graceful and elegant, and the words and emotions are both winning.
One of the "Later Four Scholars" is only found in Han's "Jianquan Diary"
Han Quan's "Jianquan Diary" says: "Liao Zhengyi Minglue, Li Gefei Wenshu, Li Xi Yingzhong and Dong Rongwuzi, the last four scholars of the Ming Dynasty, have "Zhulin Collection", and Wen Shu has "Jibei Collection", but I have not seen this record. Suspect. There are many records about the Four Scholars or Six Gentlemen of the Su family in the Song Dynasty. Why are there only records about the four scholars after the Su family? Li Gefei is the father of Li Qingzhao. There are also many records in the Song Dynasty. Why is it only said in this book that he belongs to the Su family? Where are the four bachelors? Li Xi, there is no biography in "History of the Song Dynasty", only one poem survives, see Sun Shaoyuan's "Collection of Sound and Painting" Volume 8, which is "Inscribed on Self-painted Luyan": "The boat is late and has nothing to do, arousing the romantic sorrow of the poet . "Three or two characters of Feihong pass by, and the autumn flowers bloom in the cold sun." Dong Rong has no biography in "History of the Song Dynasty" and has left no works. Chao Buzhi said: "Dong Ping, Dong Yun and Wu Zi, were young and heard about filial piety." It is difficult to be sure whether this Dong Yun is Dong Rong, the last four scholars. As for the relationship between Li Xi, Dong Rong (Yun) and Su Shi, there is no information. In addition to the Four Scholars and Six Gentlemen of Su Shi, there are many other disciples of Su Shi, many of whom have been handed down from generation to generation. It is understandable why Li Gefei and Liao Zheng belong to the Four Scholars of the Su family, but why Li Xi and Dong Rong are not mentioned in the classics. Who, together with Li and Liao, were included in the post-Su family bachelor's degree?
However, Han Fu was a famous scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, so his record cannot be easily denied. Fu (1159-1224) was named Zhongzhi, named Jianquan, and Yuanjizi. Taking advantage of his father's influence, he became an official and served as the chief registrar. He was an official of Pingjiang Prefecture, and he also tasted the official position. In the 6th year of Qingyuan (1200), the pharmacy office was full and he returned home. In the autumn of the first year of Jiatai (1201), he entered Wu. Soon after, he resigned and returned to Shangrao, where he lived for twenty years. He died in the 17th year of Jiading (1224). He inherited his family's education when he was young. He was noble and unconventional, and his character and knowledge were all well-established. He wrote "Jianquan Collection", "Jianquan's Remaining Poems" and "Jianquan Diary". Volume 121 of "Sikuquanshu General Catalog" says that his "Jianquan Diary" has "all comments and careful reviews". He can be regarded as an outstanding person among the scholars of the Song Dynasty, and his records should be trusted. Therefore, this article will briefly discuss the last four scholars of the Su family, in order to attract the attention of the academic community and collect more relevant information.
2 Su Shi "took Miyunlong to wait for Zhengyi"
Liao Zhengyi, "History of the Song Dynasty" has no biography, but there is a biography in Volume 116 of "Dongdu Shilue". His courtesy name was Minglue, and his nickname was Zhulin Jushi. He was a native of Anzhou (now Anlong, Hubei Province). In the second year of Yuanfeng, he became a Jinshi. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Su Shi was summoned to take the imperial examination. Su Shi found out the countermeasures and was very surprised. Save the correct spelling for the secretary. In 6 years, the school management was removed. When he was the general judge of Hangzhou, Kong Wuzhong once promoted him as his successor, saying that he had "pure aspirations and profound literature. Xiangzhe's strategies in Yutang shocked the public. I stayed in the pavilion for a long time and saw what he was guarding. Never waver. Beg to act on behalf of the ministers and allow for fair discussion."
Chao Buzhi also said in "Postscript of Liao Minglue Neng Fu Tang Jihou" that "Liao Minglue was born in the same year as Yu, with profound knowledge and ambition as snow and frost". In the second year of Shaosheng's reign, he learned about Changzhou. He joined the Yuanhao Party, was demoted to prison, and died as a tax collector in Yushan. He is the author of 3 volumes of "Bamboo Forest Collection", 208 volumes of "Song History" and 8 volumes of "Yiwenzhi" 7, which is also called "Liao Zheng Collection".
Ye Mengde's "Preface to the Bamboo Forest Collection of Liao Minglue" says: "Minglue Tsang said: 'I am deeply convinced of the Zuo family, and I am happy that Fan Ye's show is gentle and elegant.' Ye Tsang recounted his book and thought, 'but there are many public remarks. , but few things are far away." This is what I hate. Qiu Ming is out of reach, and I am not ashamed to be criticized by people in the past who said that my writing is like Yin Shilu. Lu, the meaning is good and his words are good. At this time, I saw that Minglue had many articles, and he knew that his own way was not false. As a matter of fact, if Hu Ran is famous in the world, he is still highly regarded by scholars. Because of his deep ambition and refined thinking, his origins are far away. However, the author. As for entering and exiting the sutras, driving the preface, pinching left and right, comparing the tunes, and others chewing them? The ones who can't rest in peace are like using sharp knives to destroy rotten wood, and scratching the flock of sheep. Unsatisfactory. Therefore, its music is concise, its syllables are sharp, and it is refreshing and refreshing. It is a pity that it was too late to use its full potential when reading it. The four bachelors, Huang, Zhang, Chao and Qin, lived in the same three halls of Ming Dynasty and Xuanzang. They wanted to form a family of their own, but they lived together, which is slightly similar to "Ye Mengde (1077-1148)". Shaoyun, whose family owned a Shilin Garden, was also called Shilin Jushi, and was a native of Wuxian County, Suzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). He was a Jinshi in the fourth year of Shaosheng's reign, a bachelor's degree in the Imperial Academy, a minister of the Imperial Academy, a minister of household affairs, a minister of Zuocheng, an acquaintance of Fuzhou, and the pacifier of Fujian. He was Chao's nephew. He also learned from Chao Buzhi and Zhang Lei, and made great achievements in poetry creation and criticism. His writings are very rich, including 100 volumes of "Shilin Collection". Today, only 8 volumes of "Jiankang Collection" and 15 volumes of "Shilin Memorial" remain. This preface clearly compares Liao with the four bachelors of Huang, Zhang, Chao and Qin. If the term Su's later bachelors had been popular at that time, Liao Zhengyi belonged to the last four bachelors, so it should be mentioned here, but it is not mentioned. Liao Wenwen particularly praised Zuo Qiu Ming and Fan Ye, believing that "Qiu Ming is unreachable" but comparable to Fan Ye. Ye Mengde recognized his self-evaluation ("I don't make false accusations"), saying that his article is "deep in intention", "refined in thought", "in and out of scriptures and biographies, driving the preface", "nothing is unsatisfactory", "the music is simple and concise, The syllables are sharp and the spirit is fresh."