1. Origin of the surname
The surname Qí has ??six origins:
1. It comes from the Duke of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period.
According to "Yuanhe Surname Compilation" and "Ciyuan", in the Spring and Autumn Period, Sun Xi, the fourth generation of Xianhou of Jin, was the official of Jin Dynasty and lived in Qi (the old city is fifteen miles southeast of Qi County, Shanxi Province today) Ancient county town), so he took Yi as his surname.
2. Comes from the surname Ji, after the Yellow Emperor.
According to "Guangyun", among the twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor, fourteen of them had twelve surnames, including the surname Qi.
3. From the Tao Tang family, they are descendants of Yao.
According to "A Study of Surnames", Emperor Yao had the surname Qi after his Yi Qi family.
4. According to "History of the Road", after Shaohao there was the surname Qi.
5. After the father of Sima Qi in the Zhou Dynasty, he was named after his father.
It is said that Qi's father was an official in charge of military affairs, and later generations took the official surname.
6. From other clans.
A Manchurian surname in the Qing Dynasty who lived in Shenyang for generations; also, the surname Qideli of the Eight Banners of Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty was later changed to the single surname Qi; in the Qing Dynasty, the chieftain of Xining, Gansu Province (now part of Qinghai Province), and Nianbo County, Gansu Province (now part of Qinghai Province) The chieftain in Ledu, Qinghai Province has the surname Qi, and he is a Mongolian; the Qiga clan of the Tu ethnic group, the Han surname is Qi; today the Tujia, Yi, Manchu, Baoan, Dongxiang, Hui and other ethnic groups have this surname.
The ancestor who got the surname: Qi Xi.
The word is yellow sheep.
A doctor of the Jin Dynasty during the Spring and Autumn Period.
Duke Dao of Jin was serving as a lieutenant in the army at that time. He later asked to retire because of his old age. He first recommended his enemy Jie Gu to replace him. However, because Jie Gu died before taking up his post, he also recommended his son Qi Wu to replace him. Confucius praised It said: "Don't avoid enmity when doing external affairs, and don't avoid relatives when doing internal affairs. This can be said to be fair."
After Duke Ping of Jin came to the throne, he was appointed as the official of the public clan.
Originally the surname was Ji. In the first year of Jin Ping Gong (556 BC), food was collected from Qi, so the surname was changed to Qi.
Later generations of descendants respected Qi Xi as their ancestor.
2. Migration Distribution
The surname Qi originated from Qi Di. At that time, Qi Di included almost the entire Pingchuan in central Shanxi.
In the twelfth year of Jin Qinggong (514 BC), Qi Xi's grandson Qi Ying was killed for a crime, and his food was confiscated. After that, his descendants surnamed Qi scattered in Jin.
After the three families were divided into the Jin Dynasty, the Qi surname originated in Qi and scattered in Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and other provinces today.
In the Western Han Dynasty, the Qi surnames found in historical records include Yang Wang’s grandson You Qihou Ta (first known as Qihou), and Qi Taibo, a wealthy man from Xinfeng (now southwest of Weinan, Shaanxi).
It can be seen that Qi surname has settled in Shaanxi at this time.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the surname Qi was still rarely seen in historical records. However, according to "Hundred Family Surnames in Prefectures" and "A Survey of Surnames", there were two prefectures with the surname Qi: one was Taiyuan County , one is Fufeng County.
This shows that by the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Qi family had been multiplying in the above two places for a long time, and its population was prosperous and its reputation was resounding. In the later period, many Qi surnames in other places were derived from these two places.
This period is an era of great social turmoil, great ethnic integration, and great migration of northerners.
Due to the large number of northern nobles migrating southward, it is inevitable for the Qi surname to move southward. For example, during the Three Kingdoms period, there was Qi Geng from Shanyin in Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). At this time, there was also the Northern Wei Dynasty who was mentioned in the history books. Qi Xian, a native of Hedong (which governs today's Xia County, Shanxi Province).
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Qi surname was more widely distributed in the north, and people with the Qi surname now live in Shandong and Gansu.
During the two Song Dynasties, especially after the Southern Song Dynasty, the Qi surname in the south gradually became more prosperous. Today, people with the Qi surname have settled in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places. There are also people with southern nationality whose names are recorded in history. Gradually there were more.
The social unrest at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty led to a sharp decline in population in what is now the Central Plains, East China, and Central and South China.
In the early Ming Dynasty, the Shanxi Qi surname was one of the surnames of the people who migrated to the Hongdong Sophora tree in the Ming Dynasty. They were relocated to Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shaanxi and other places today.
After the middle of Ming Dynasty, the surname Qi spread more widely across the country.
After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, some Qi surnames from the coastal areas began to migrate to Taiwan and other Southeast Asian countries.
Today, the surname Qi is widely distributed across the country, especially in Jiangsu, accounting for about 44% of the country's Han population with the surname Qi.
The Qi surname is the 145th surname in China today. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.08% of the country's Han population.
3. Historical celebrities
Qi Wu: A native of the Spring and Autumn Period, a doctor of the Jin Dynasty.
Son of Qi Xi.
In the fourth year of Duke Daogong of Jin Dynasty (570 BC), he was appointed as a lieutenant in the army on behalf of his father.
During the reign of Duke Ping of Jin Dynasty, he once led his army to Quwo to chase Luan Ying.
Qi Ying: A native of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Wuzi, a doctor at the time of Duke Qing of Jin Dynasty.
The retainers Qi Sheng and Wu Zang changed their wives and were arrested by Ying Jiang.
Qi Sheng bribed Xun Shu to speak to the Marquis of Jin, framed Qi Ying, and Qi Ying was killed by the Marquis of Jin.
Qi Xian: Hedong native, alchemist in the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Emperor Taiwu admired him very much for his excellent physiognomy and worshiped him as a senior doctor. He was soon dismissed.
Qi Preface: A native of Jiangnan, a painter of the Song Dynasty.
The painting is decorated with flowers, bamboo and feathers, as well as buffalo and cat.
Qi Zai: a native of the Jianghuai River and a famous doctor in the Song and Jin Dynasties.
In the late Northern Song Dynasty, medical skills were used to supplement officials.
After the Jin soldiers captured Bianjing, they were captured and sent to Taiyuan Hospital.
During the relocation period, he served as an envoy to the great officials and imperial doctors.
Later, Shangshu opposed the attack on Song Dynasty and was killed.
Qi Shun: A native of Dongguan, Guangdong Province, with the courtesy name Zhihe and the nickname Xunchuan, he was a minister of the Ming Dynasty.
Tianshun Jinshi, appointed as the head of the Ministry of War, and became a doctor.
After being tired of official duties, he was appointed as the envoy to Zuobu, Jiangxi Province.
There are "Shiqian Mansion Chronicles" and "Xunchuan Collection".
Qi Chi: A native of Dongguan, Guangdong, an official in the Ming Dynasty.
Zhengde Jinshi, appointed head of the punishment department.
Later he served as a doctor in the Ministry of Punishment. He was famous for his ability to solve doubtful cases and was called Qi Foye by the people.
He was once appointed as the magistrate of Raozhou.
Qi He: A native of Anyi (now Xia County), Shanxi Province, an official in the Ming Dynasty.
During the Zhengde period, he became a Jinshi and served as deputy envoy to Shandong.
During the Jiajing period, the people who resisted the government in Qingyang Mountain, Shanxi Province were suppressed, and they were specially given the Jie Yue.
Qi Huan: A native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province, he was a painter of the Qing Dynasty. He was good at painting orchids and bamboos.
He likes to collect ancient Yi tripod books, especially ancient inkstones.
There is "Twenty-Eight Inkstone Collection".
Qi Shunzhi: A native of Fufeng, Qizhou (now Qianxian County, Shaanxi Province), a minister of the Tang Dynasty.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, he served as Zuo Si Yuanwai Lang.
In the fifth year of Tianbao's reign, he served as Wailang, a member of the Ministry of Punishment, and was ordered to go to Beihai to kill the prefect Li Yong.
In six years, he wrote "Ode to Kailiang Gongyan".
In the second year of Qianyuan of Emperor Suzong, "Nansou Xun" was compiled.
Qi Yunshi: a native of Shouyang, Shanxi Province, an official and geographer in the Qing Dynasty.
He was a Jinshi during the Qianlong Emperor's reign and was promoted to a doctor in the household department.
Later he was imprisoned and exiled to Yili, Xinjiang.
In the 16th year of Jiaqing, he was appointed as the lecturer of Lanzhou Sanshan Academy.
Familiar with Manchu and enthusiastic about studying the northwest mountains and rivers and the history of various tribes.
There are "Biography of Mongolian Hui Princes", "Story of the President of Yili", "Summary of the Domain", etc.
Qi Tugong: A native of Gaoping, Shanxi Province, a minister of the Qing Dynasty.
He was a Jinshi in the first year of Jiaqing. He successively served as a doctor in the Ministry of Punishment, the inspector of Zhejiang, the chief envoy of Guizhou, the governor of Guangxi, and the minister of the Ministry of Punishment. He died while serving as the governor of Guangdong.
Qi Cuizao: A native of Shouyang, Shanxi Province, a minister of the Qing Dynasty.
Jiaqing Jinshi.
He once served as Minister of War, Ministry of Household Affairs, and Minister of Military Aircraft.
Tongzhi first served as a bachelor and minister of the Ministry of Rites (with the same position as prime minister).
He advocates simple learning, likes words, and is good at calligraphy.
There are "Ma Shounong Yan", "Qin Xuezhai Notes" and so on.
His younger brother Qi Suzao was a Jinshi during the Daoguang period and served as the chief envoy to Hunan and the chief envoy to Jiangning.
His son Qi Shichang also became a Jinshi and became the Minister of the Ministry of Industry and the Yin of Shuntian Prefecture.
He is the author of "Essentials of Hanlin Calligraphy" and "Chronicle of Qi Wenruigong".
Qi Zhaoxi: A native of Shanghai, Jiangsu (now Shanghai City), an official in the Qing Dynasty.
From official to prefect.
During his seventeen years in Guangdong, he was responsible for supervising foreign affairs and other affairs, and became familiar with foreign affairs.
During the Tongzhi period, he escorted the first batch of Chinese scholars to the United States.
4. Junwangtang No.
1. Junwang
Taiyuan County: established during the Qin Dynasty, with its administrative seat in Jinyang (today’s Taiyuan, Shanxi Province) and its jurisdiction The environment is similar to the area south of Guanlui Mountain and north of Huoshan Mountain in Wutai Mountain, Shanxi today.
Fufeng County: It was established by the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms. It was governed in Huaili (southeast of today's Xingping, Shaanxi Province). Its jurisdiction was similar to the area west of Linyou and Qianxian County, Shaanxi Province, and north of the Qinling Mountains. The Jin Dynasty moved to Chiyang. (now northwest of Jingyang, Shaanxi Province), the Northern Wei Dynasty moved it to Haochou (now east of Qianxian County, Shaanxi Province).
2. Hall name
Hall name: "Taiyuan Hall", "Dansheng Hall", etc.
A brief introduction to the life of the founding general of the People’s Republic of China named Qi
Major General Qi Kairen
Qi Kairen (1908-1991), Qianjiang County, Hubei Province (today’s Wuchang) people.
Graduated from the School of Medicine of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou in 1935.
He once served as a doctor at the Nanning Military Hospital in Guangxi and taught at the Medical College of Guangxi University and the Nanning Military Medical School in Guangxi.
During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as Colonel Medical Director of the 8th Seriously Injured Hospital of the *** Military and Political Department.
Joined the Eighth Route Army in 1939.
Joined the Communist Party of China in 1941.
Served as surgeon and deputy director of surgery at the Eighth Route Army General Hospital in Yan'an, vice president of Bethune International Peace Hospital, president of the first branch, and teacher of the Health School and China Medical University in Yan'an.
During the War of Liberation, he served as the director of the Surgery Hospital of the Jinsui Military Region, the principal of the Military Health School, the deputy minister of health of the Jinsui Military Region, and the director of the Shanxi South Office of the Ministry of Health of the Northwest Military Region.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as the First Deputy Minister of Health of the Logistics Department of the Southwest Military Region, the President and Party Secretary of the Seventh Military Medical University, and the Vice President of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences.
In 1958, Qi Kairen made the decision to set up 6 beds in the General Surgery Department of Southwest Hospital of the Seventh Military Medical University and set up a burn treatment team. This was the first burn treatment team in the history of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
He has done a lot of work in burn prevention research.
He was awarded the rank of colonel in 1955 and promoted to the rank of major general in 1961.
Received the Second Class Independence Medal of Freedom and the Second Class Liberation Medal.
Died on March 11, 1991, at the age of 83