Liu Jun's names are Teller, Qing, Shifakai, Showing Purple and Boxing Hair. (guā) ","white hoof is black ". Among them, Salouzi and Full Hair Ma Zi were stolen and transported to the University of Pennsylvania Museum in 19 14, and the other four pieces are now in Xi 'an Beilin Museum. Six horses in Zhaoling were carved in Zhenguan for ten years, each of which is 2.5 meters high and 3 meters wide. They all carve patterns on the bluestone plane, carving out half faces and details in the shape of horses and men, highlighting the high flesh, which is called relief, also called "high flesh carving". Different postures and expressions, concise and powerful lines, and majestic and realistic shapes show the achievements of carving art in the Tang Dynasty. These stone carvings in Zhaoling are unique in category, shape and subject matter. They do not take the form of observing before death, nor do they use good omen or exorcism. All stone carvings are realistic and extraordinary works with political significance. The color of "dew purple" is purple, and there is an arrow on the chest, which was taken when the king was pacified and defeated. Qiu Xinggong is the man holding the horse and the arrow. Among the six generals, only this work is engraved with characters and their deeds.
Emperor Taizong's praise for Salouzi is: "Yan Zi leaps forward, bones soar, spirit flies to Sanjiang, and strength flies to eight arrays". "Boxing hair? (guā) "Six arrows in front and three arrows in the back, Darkmouth Huang Ma, which can rotate, was taken by Li Shimin when he pacified Liu Heita. Since this war, the great cause of unifying China in the Tang Dynasty has been declared complete.
Emperor Taizong praised: "The moon is bright and sunny, and the weather is rampant." Lonely vector with sigh, the atmosphere is clear. "Teller is called Teller because its white beak is slightly black and its fur is yellow and transparent." Teller "is the official name of Turkic people, which can be given by Teller of Turkic people.".
Emperor Taizong praised his inscription: "We should take measures to fly and carry the voice of half of China people;" Natural disasters destroy enemies and use danger to help the poor. "This was taken when Li Shimin pacified Song Jingang." "Qing Xiang" is a pale and mottled photo taken when Li Shimin pacified Dou Jiande.
Emperor Taizong praised it: "The film was light enough, and God sent a secret order to fly, so I put it on." The first three sentences describe the agility and lightness of the horse, and the last sentence tells the key significance of this battle. Regarding the name of Shivachi, Japanese scholar Shu Ren Harada believes that Shivachi, or its translation, is an abbreviation translation of "Ashiva" in Persian, which means horse in Chinese. In addition, reading "Shifa" and "Chibo" in modern Cantonese is very similar to the pronunciation of ancient Tang Dynasty.
Shivaqi was the mount when pacifying the king and conquering Dou Jiande. Emperor Taizong's eulogy: "The river is not quiet, the axe hammer Shi Shenwei, Zhu Hanman, young and smooth, triumphant." In this major battle, Li Shimin fought bloody battles, killing and injuring Sanma, and basically completed the great cause of reunification. Jing Qing Opens Guangxi showed his excitement. "White hoof and black" is the white hoof taken by Xue Shi. The stone carving "White-hoofed Wu" glows with its head held high, its hooves flying and its mane facing the wind, as if it were galloping on the Loess Plateau in those days.
Emperor Taizong sang a hymn to it: "Relying on the heavenly sword, chasing the wind and chasing the feet; I will be calm and calm, and return to the saddle to settle down. " There are stone carvings of princes of fourteen countries in Sima Gate: Li Jie of Turkic, Tullier Khan, Ashinash, Morris, Tubo Songzangambu, Gaochang, Yanqi, Yutian, the leaders of Xue Yantuo and Tuguhun, Jingdezhen of Silla King, Touli of Lin Yi King Fan, and Yunadi of Brahman Emperor.
These stone statues were carved in the early years of Emperor Gaozong, reflecting the great unity of all ethnic groups in the country, the development of the western regions in the Tang Dynasty and the grand occasion of relations with neighboring countries. These stone statues were destroyed years ago. Today, there are seven statues, several human remains and several broken heads here. The stone statue is only six feet high, and the seat is about nine feet, which does not exceed the normal shape. It can be seen from the fragments of the head that there are indeed those with deep eyes and high nose, those with curly hair, those with braids around their heads, those with split hair and pockets, but those without bows and knives. There are two kinds of clothes: lapels and lapels. According to "Little Square Pot Zhai Jade Emperor Congchao", there are "seven kings, eight concubines, twenty-two princesses, fifty-three princes and under sixty-four generals" buried at the foot of Jiuzhang Mountain. According to Tang Yao Hui's Buried Tomb, there were 7 concubines, 5 kings, 3 princesses 13, 3 prime ministers 13, 50 Cheng Lang experts and 60 meritorious generals, totaling 155. There are 165 people in You Shixiong's Map of Zhaoling Tomb of Emperor Taizong. Song Qiumin wrote Chang 'an Annals for 166 people. This figure does not include those who were buried with their sons, fathers, grandsons and imperial maids (inferior concubines and maids).
Modern archaeology has confirmed that there are 193 tombs buried with the husband and wife in Zhaoling, so the number of people buried with the husband and wife far exceeds 200, or more than 300. The number of tombs buried with the emperor is the highest in all previous dynasties.
, Wuji, Cheng,,, Wen Yanbo, Duan, Gao Shilian, Fang, Kong, Jing Li, Wei Chijingde, Princess Changle, Wei Guifei, etc. , and the tombs of ethnic minority generals 15 people. In 1970s, archaeologists successively excavated more than 40 tombs, including (), Cheng, Zheng Rentai, Princess Changle and Wei Guifei.
Zhaoling also has 167 tombs of heroes and nobles, and 57 tombs have known owners' names, forming a huge cemetery. The stone carvings in the buried tomb are extremely exquisite. The stone statue in front of Wen Yanbo's tomb, the flat peach flower ornament on the head of Wei Zhi's tombstone, the Chinese zodiac pattern in Wei Chijingde's epitaph and the lady's line engraving in the sarcophagus were all fine works of art at that time. A large number of exquisite handicrafts were also found in the tomb. For example, the "Three Golden Lights and Deguan" unearthed in Li Ji's tomb is beautifully decorated. It is said that Emperor Taizong personally designed three and gave them to the most meritorious minister, and Li remembered one. Numerous burial tombs set off the grand momentum of the main mausoleum, and there are many stone figures, stone sheep, Shi Hu, stone pillars and stone tablets in front of each tomb, which can better decorate the bustling scene of the cemetery.
Although the ground buildings in Zhaoling have been destroyed and repeatedly destroyed by wars, there are rich historical sites and cultural relics in the cemetery, and there are still a lot of ancient arts and crafts to be discovered. Zhaoling Museum displays many tombstones and epitaphs, and preserves a large number of historical materials about politics and economy in the Tang Dynasty, which shows the high level of calligraphy art in the early Tang Dynasty.
Attachment: List of tombs buried with Zhaoling (count 185 people): Princess Yan of Yue, Princess Yang of Zhao, Princess Wei of Ji, Princess Zheng, gifted scholar Wei, Mrs. Xu of Peng Guozheng, Lady Liu Niangzi (the wet nurse of Emperor Taizong), King Li Chenggan of Hengshan, Li Jue, Li Zhenzi of Betty Wong, Langya. Wang Cao Li Mingzi Wang Qianjin Li Jun qinghe princess Program Chu Liang (son of Cheng Zhijie) Jin Princess Xu Wei Si 'an yu zhang Princess Xu Tang Shangshi (son of Tang Jian) Emerging Princess Sun Xuxi Lanling Princess Xu Dou Huaizhe (son of Dou Desu) Gaomi Princess Xu Duanlun (Duan Wenzhen) Nanping Princess Xu Ma Liu Xuanyi (son of Liu Zheng Hui) Hengyang Princess Xu-Ma A Xi Na She New Town Princess Chengyang Princess Xu-Ma Xue-Fu Changguang Princess Xu- Princess Xu-Ma Xiaorui of Xiangcheng, Princess Xu-Ma Doulu Huairang of Changsha (the son of Dou Lukuan), Princess Ankang is shown in Guo Gong Wen Yan Bo Zan Guo Gong Duan Everyone and Zheng Guogong Wei Weiren Yu Youwu Wei General Li Simo Guo Zi toasted Kong Yingda Li Shi Assistant Minister Kong Zhiyue, Ministry of Industry Assistant Kong Yuanhui Jinzhou Secretariat Pei Yirui Guo Gongdou Lu Renye Li Guogong Dou Lu Zhensong General Dou Lu Chengji Langya County Bull Jin Daliang Guo Gong Fang Xuanling Shen Shen Shen. Even Tai Chang is still respectful of courtesy. Li Jing, the son of the British Duke Li Jizhi, is the secretary of the state of Li Zhen, the son of the State of Hubei, Weiwei Chijiachuan, the champion general Xu Luoren, the general Zuo Rongwei, Du Junchuo Lu Guogong Cheng Zhijie, Hu Guogong, the duke of Handong, Qin Shubao, Li Mengchang, the governor of Hongzhou, Wu Heilu, is in charge of Zhang An, Wang Boli (Wang Tao) and Ma Zhouzi, the official department. Assistant Minister Ma Zi Xue Guogong in the National Public Soup Jianzi Temple Less Supervisor Tai Chang Qing early Liang Sa Jin Ge General Liang () The secretariat of Cui Dunli's Ministry of War Minister Yu Guan Guo Gong Jiang Hangben (ginger deficiency) The official department minister Jiang Guan Guo Gong Xing Guogong Public Security General Yuan Shou General Gu Zi left the leading general Wei General B made Cen Wenben and Gong Cen's secretary supervisor Cen Manqian Song Guogong Xiao Yu Laiwen County Gong Xu Jingzong Zhao Guogong Chang Sun Wuji Ministry of War Minister Li Daliang Danielle Shang Shu Yu Shinan Ministry of Industry Minister Yan Lide (Yan Duke Zhang Xiping, Duke Wang Lichen, Duke Danyang, Duke Li Ke, Duke Yanmen, Duke Liang, Duke Tong 'an, Duke Zheng Rentai, Duke Shuofang, Duke Zuo, Duke Du Junchuo, Duke You Wuhou, Duke Qiu, Duke You Wuwei, Duke Gong Sunwuda, Duke Anhui, Duke Henan, James Zhang (Zhang Shishi), Duke Fan Yang, Duke Zhang Yanshi, Duke Shi Danai, and Duke Heng Zhou Secretariat. General Ashnabu Town, General Dechang Ningzhou, General Dou Yijie's secretariat, General Military History, General He Bayan, General Qinghe, General Zhengze Lu Guogong Xue, General Zuo Tunwei, General Daozhen (son of Ashnabu), General Liang Guogong, General Wei, General Xue Dumo (Xue Yantuo, not losing Khan), and Wei Chiguang (Fu) Yi and Gong Yuanzhou drove in separate rooms. Huai De Gong Yu Bo Yi General Gong Yang Zi Jun Commander Tug Du Hun Daning General Qiu Huaigu General Ma General He Dao General Xu Dingcheng General Kang Ye General Yuan Sixuan General Xue General You Chi Yu Duan Cunshuang Sabao Wang Zanpu Silla Wang Nvde Town.