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Yang Jiong, Lu,, and other early Tang writers.
Wang Bo was born in Longmen, Yizhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). Zhou Guo once joined
Chutangsi steet
Yang Jiong, Lu,, and other early Tang writers.
Wang Bo was born in Longmen, Yizhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). Zhou Guo once joined the army. Preface to Wang Tengting is a parallel prose written by him when he was young, and it is a famous piece in China classical literature, which has been circulated for a long time. It is said that he prepared pen and ink before writing an article, fell asleep after drinking it, and woke up with a wave of his hand without changing a word. At that time, people called his poems "draft by heart". His poems are fresh and natural, and one often has epigrams, like exotic flowers and herbs mixed in the valley, which makes people never tire of reading them. The famous "Sunset and Lonely Qi Fei, Autumn waters and sky are one color" is a famous sentence in his article. Among Wang Bo's works, The Collection of Wang Zian was compiled in Ming Dynasty.
Wang Bo's grandfather, Wang Tong, was a famous scholar in the late Sui Dynasty. His father, Wang Fuchuan, worked as a doctor and secretary in Yongzhou. Wang Bo's talent was revealed very early. When he was a teenager, he was praised as a child prodigy by Liu Xiangdao, the governor of the imperial court. He recommended it to the imperial court and took countermeasures to seal him as a court official. At the beginning of 666, Gan, a native, took part in reading in the palace. Two years later, he was expelled from the palace for his role in The King's Chicken. Then go to Bashu. In the third year of Xian Heng (672), he made up for Zhou Guo to join the army. He was dismissed because he was good at killing officials and slaves. His father was also involved and was demoted to toe order. In the second year (675) or the third year (676) of the Shang Dynasty, Wang Bo went south to see his father, crossed the sea and drowned.
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Poems by Wang Bo, Wang Teng and Ge.
Wang Teng Linjiang Pearl, Ming Luan continues to sing and dance.
The painted building faces Nanpu Cloud, and the bead curtain rolls up the rain in the western hills at dusk.
The shadow of the idle cloud pool is long, and things change for a few years.
Where is the emperor in the cabinet today? Outside the threshold, the Yangtze River flows by itself.
There is still controversy about Wang Bo's date of birth and death. Yang Jiong's Preface to Wang Bo said that he died in Tang Gaozong in the third year of Shang Yuan (676) at the age of 28. Accordingly, Wang Boying was born in the 23rd year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (649). Wang Bo's "Ode to Spring Thoughts" contains: "The second year of Xianheng (67 1) was in the spring and autumn years." According to this calculation, he was born in the first year of Emperor Gaozong Yonghui (65O). This is Wang Bo's self-report, which should be believed. Therefore, most scholars now believe that Wang Bo was born in the first year of Yonghui (650), died in the third year of Shangyuan (676), and was born at the age of 27. Wang Bo was a very talented poet in the early Tang Dynasty. It's really a pity that he only lived for 27 years. Wang Bo's literature advocates practicality. At that time, the poetic style, represented by Shangguan Yi, prevailed in the literary world, with "trying to slim the structure and carve it", "doing one's best to keep one's backbone, but not listening to it", and Wang Bo "thinking about its disadvantages and pursuing its career lightly" (Preface to Yang Jiong and Wang Bo). His poems are "strong but not empty, firm and moist, engraved without breaking, strengthened by pressing", which has played a great role in changing the atmosphere. There are more than 80 existing poems in Wang Bo, including preface, table, tablet and fu, and more than 90 existing poems. Earlier, 20 volumes, 30 volumes and 28 volumes of Selected Works of Wang Bo were not circulated.
The existing Wang Zian Collection 16 compiled by Zhang Xie during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty; Notes on Wang Zian was written by JOE and Jiang Qingyi, tongzhi people in Qing Dynasty, and it is divided into twenty volumes. In addition, Yang Shoujing's "Visit to ancient paper" recorded Prince An Wen of 1 volume, and copied 13 volume (actually 12 volume, of which 6 volumes were incomplete). Luo Zhenyu's essay continuation of Yongfeng Farmer 1 volume ***24 articles, adding 12 articles that Yang did not have, and supplementing the 6 incomplete articles recorded by Yang. Roche's preface also mentioned that "Tomioka Jun (Cang Qian) kept The Wang Zian Collection (Volumes 29 and 30) in Kyoto". According to the manuscript of Imperial University in Kyoto, Japan (volume 1), there are two volumes of Wang Canjuan, which says "twenty-nine to thirty" and was immediately collected by Tomoka. In the third year of Qing Dynasty (19 1 1), Yao's Collection of Jiejia Daowei Zhai included the Chronicle of Wang Zian.
Yang Jiong (650 ~ 693), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Huayin (now Shaanxi). In the fourth year of Xianqing (659), he was a prodigy. Shang Yuan three years (676), it should be mentioned. Editing and proofreading bookkeeper, moved to Zhan. In 685, the first year of Wuhou's hanging arch, he gave way to Xu Jingye from his ancestor Yang Shen and joined the army as a righteous man in Zizhou. In the first year of Tianshou (690), he taught at Luoyang Palace Art Museum. In the first year of Ruyi (692), he moved to Yingchuan after the autumn, and the official management was famous for its harshness, and he died in the official. Known as Yang Yingchuan.
Yang Jiong is famous for his frontier poems. His works, such as Joining the Army, Leaving the Frontier, Battle of the South of the City, and Zi Mazi, show the fighting spirit of making contributions to the country with great momentum and bold style. Other poems that sing in harmony and embark on a journey have little characteristics and have not completely escaped the colorful wind. There are 50 poems, including preface, table, monument, inscription, ambition and shape. Zhang Yue said, "Literary thoughts are inexhaustible, and they are superior to Lu without losing the king." . The Book of Old Tang Dynasty praised the poem as "elegant in blue pen", while the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu regarded it as a "splendid system, not just this one" and said that "its poems are magnificent and only dabble in glitz because they run through ancient books". The Preface to Wang Bo spoke highly of Wang Bo's creative practice of lascivious writing style at that time, and reflected the requirements of the "Four Masters" to consciously reform the writing style at that time. As for China's so-called "Wang, Yang, Lu and Luo", Yang Jiong claimed to be "ashamed of the former Lu and ashamed of the queen", which was also agreed by the negotiators at that time. There are 33 poems today, most of which are five laws. Hu Yinglin in Ming Dynasty said, "Yingchuan is close to the body. Although the gods lost their monarch, they purged Hunxiong. Investigating its genre is actually the beginning "(Volume 4 of Poem Internal Compilation)
It is said that the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty has 30 volumes of collected works, and the Book of Reading in the County Zhai has 20 volumes of Yingchuan Collection, which has not been circulated today.
Tong Pei's books in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty include Ying Ji Chuan (10) and Appendix 1. Zhang Xie chongzhen recompiled 13 volumes. Among them, "Joining the Army" was incorporated into the junior middle school Chinese textbook of People's Education Press. Lu (about 637 ~ 689) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. From this, the word "You Zi" comes into being. Yang (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) was born. When I was young, I received primary school education and classic works from Wang. I have knowledge and culture. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozong Yonghui (654), it was signed by Deng Wang (Li Yuanyu). Wang Deng, who was deeply loved by Wang Deng, once said, "It's like Sima Xiangru." At the beginning of the third year of Emperor Gaozong's official seal (668), he served as a captain in Xindu, Yizhou (now near Chengdu, Sichuan). Rank full, roaming in Shu. He lived in Luoyang after he left Shu. He was once imprisoned in an accident, and he was exempted from the responsibility of saving his friends. He caught wind disease and lived in Taibai Mountain near Chang 'an. He was poisoned by taking Dan medicine and his hands and feet were disabled. I moved to the foot of Juzi Mountain in Yangzhai, bought dozens of acres of gardens, dug water, surrounded the house, built a grave in advance and lay in it. He "thinks he is the fashion officer of Emperor Gaozong and a Confucian; Wuhou worships the law and is alone in Huang Lao; After the closure of Songshan Mountain, many wise men were hired, which has been abolished. The book Five Sorrows speaks for itself (Biography of the New Tang Dynasty). Due to political setbacks and long-term illness, he finally drowned himself. The date of birth and death of Lu is unknown in history. When Wu Zetian was awarded the title of Dengfeng, Lu said that "Songshan was later awarded" and his preface to "Fu on Sick Pear Trees" written in the fourth year of Emperor Taizong Xianheng (673) inferred that he was nearly 40 years old at that time. The difference between the fourth year of Xianheng and the first year of Dengfeng was 22 years, so he was born in the tenth year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (636) and died at the age of 60.
Lu's industrial poems, especially his seven-character poems, contributed to the development of the ancient seven dynasties. Yang Jiong praised him as an "outstanding person in the world" (preface to Ji Zi An Ji). The masterpiece Chang 'an Ancient Meaning is bold and unrestrained, rich but not flashy. It is a famous work in the early Tang Dynasty, but it still hasn't got rid of the influence of the poetic style of the Six Dynasties. It is said that Lu's anthology includes 20 volumes of Old Tang Book and Ruling and Opposition Book. Book records of Song Dynasty such as Chongwen Mu Zong 10. There are seven volumes today, namely, Lu Shengji and Ai Subset edited and annotated by Zhang Xie in Ming Dynasty. "Complete Tang Poetry" contains two volumes of his poems. Xu Mingxia collated the seven volumes of Lu Ji and made an addendum. Fu Xuancong is the author of Lu and Yang Jiong.
Lu Tomb is located on the west bank of Shangjia Village, Longmen Village, Wuliang Town, Yuzhou City, Henan Province. The tall grave still exists.
Lu's masterpiece
The ancient meaning of Chang 'an
Chang' an street is even more narrow and oblique, with green cows and white horses.
The jade chariot crosses the main place, and the golden whip flows to Hou's house.
The dragon bears the morning sun, and the phoenix spits the morning glow.
A hundred feet of hair is spinning around the tree, and a group of beautiful birds are singing flowers.
There are thousands of colors on the side of butterflies and thousands of colors on the silver platform of green trees.
Passing through the window is acacia, and the double que is even hung with phoenix wings.
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Liang Jia's painting pavilion ascended to heaven, and the golden stem of Han Emperor was straight outside the cloud.
I don't know each other in front of the building.
Sorry, I played the flute to Yanzi. I once studied dance for a long time.
If it works, why not die? I would rather be a mandarin duck than a fairy.
The eyes of a pair of mandarin ducks are really enviable, but I can't see you if you go twice.
I hate to embroider lonely bears on my forehead, so that I can get double colors from the curtains.
Shuang Yan flies around the painted beam, and Luo is a tulip.
Clouds, cicadas and temples, the first month is yellow.
The crow is yellow and white, and the posture is different.
Demon boy BMW iron even money, prostitute panlong golden knee.
In Master Yu's room, the night cries, and the birds in front of Tingwei are dying.
Zhucheng has a faint jade road, but there is no golden embankment in the distance.
Flying eagle with bullets in northern Ling Du, exploring pills to borrow guests from Weiqiao West.
Have invited the knight-errant lotus sword, * * * live in prostitutes' home.
Prostitutes wear purple clothes at dusk and their songs are full of breath.
People in the North Temple are like a moon every night, while people in the South Temple ride like clouds.
Nanmo Beitang is connected with Beili, and five plays and three essays control three cities.
Weak willows hang down to the ground, and good spirits rise in the dark sky.
In the Han Dynasty, Wu Jinqian took a jade carving of the Tu Su Nautilus Cup.
Luo Yan's treasure belt is for you, and Zhao Dance is for you.
Don't expect anything, don't give in the next day.
The spirit comes from irrigation and drainage, and dictatorship cannot be judged by Xiaoxiang.
Autocracy is heroic, and young people sit in the spring breeze.
For thousands of years, he has been singing and dancing, boasting of arrogance and extravagance.
Festival scenery does not treat each other, mulberry fields need to change rapidly.
In the past, Bai Yutang was in a golden stage, that is to say, only Song Qing is here now.
Lonely and lonely, Yangziju, a book a year.
The unique Nanshan osmanthus hair flies around attacking people.
—— (selected from "All Tang Poems")
Quchi River
The faint fragrance is long around the curved pool, and the real mosaic covers the beautiful pool.
I often worry that the bleak autumn wind comes too early, leaving you no time to make up the lotus.
Luo (about 640 ~ 684) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Word sightseeing, Wuzhou Yiwu (now Yiwu, China, Zhejiang) people. Poets in the early Tang Dynasty, [1] and Fu Jiamo were both called "Luo Fu".
His father, the magistrate of Bochang County in Qingzhou, died anywhere. He can write poetry at the age of seven and is known as a "child prodigy". It is said that the poem of chanting geese was written at this time: "Wild goose, wild goose, wild goose, Xiang Tiange, white hair floating green water, red palm playing clear waves." After his father died, he lived in Boshan, then moved to Xianqiu County, Yanzhou, and spent his early years in poverty. Yonghui (650 ~ 655) belongs to Taoist Wang Li. Please ask him to display his talents. After worshipping Li Lang, he was a meticulous Dongtai bachelor. He was demoted for something, joined the army in the western regions and defended the border for a long time. After entering Shu, he lived under the door of Li Yijun, the general manager of Yaozhou Road, and put down the barbarian rebellion. I paid tribute to Lu when I was in Shu. In the third year of Yifeng (678), he was transferred to the martial arts master book and Chang 'an master book, and then Chang 'an master book entered the court as a counselor. When Wu Zetian was in power, Luo wrote many articles satirizing, offending and being jailed. Aro political prisoner listened to cicada, and there was a cloud: "His flight went through the fog heavily, and his pure voice was drowned in the windy world. Who knows if he is still singing? Who is the heart of the watch? " Express grief and indignation. The next year, I was released because I was forgiven. In the second year of Diao Lu (680), he became a county magistrate in Linhai, who was known as Luo Linhai. Abandoning the official and traveling to Guangling, he wrote a poem: "The sword thinks of Chu, and the golden vertebra promises to report to Korea." In the year of Hei Shengyuan (684), Wu Zetian abandoned Zhongzong to stand on her own feet. In September this year, (Li) opposed it in Yangzhou. As a member of the Xu family, he was appointed as a literary and art official in charge of confidential documents. He drafted the famous "Begging for the Wu Family" (that is, "Li Shichuan"): "The class moves the crowd, the north wind rises, the shock wave rushes south and draws a level, the mountains collapse silently, and the wind and cloud become angry and arrogant. You use this to defeat the enemy, why can't the enemy be destroyed, why can't you use this to make contributions? ..... Please see who owns the world today! " Passionate, swallowing mountains and rivers. When Wu Zetian read, "How can a six-foot orphan be entrusted with a handful of dirt?" The emperor asked, "Who will do it?" Or with the guest king, Wu Zetian sighed, "Did the Prime Minister get this person or lose this person?" In June 65438, Xu Jingye was defeated and killed, and the whereabouts of King Robin were unknown. Zi Jian said that he and Li were killed at the same time, and Li threw himself into the river. The Book of the New Tang Dynasty says that he "put all his eggs in one basket and doesn't know what to do", while Meng Gui's Poem of Skill says: "If he loses his job, he will flee with the guest and the king, but he can't catch it. Worried that something would happen to the general who lost the grand prize. Tens of thousands of people died at that time. For those who want to kill two people, please submit this letter first. Although I knew I wouldn't die, I didn't dare to catch it. So he is a dedicated monk in Hengshan, and he is still a pawn in his nineties. The guest king also lost his hair and traveled all over the famous mountains. To Lingyin, he died at the age of one. "
Personal experience
When Luo was 22 years old, he went to Beijing in the autumn to take the exam.
In the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty, there were many disadvantages, such as asking for help, exchanging needed goods, recommending privately or agreeing in different places. In order to win the first place, Luo ran around in many ways before the exam, trying his best to gain a foothold and trying his best to win the bragging and recommendation of power. Some people also dedicate their proud poems to prestigious dignitaries, scholars and celebrities in order to gain their appreciation and praise, thus expanding their influence and creating favorable public opinion. Some candidates also send their own poems directly to the examiner to impress him. In short, the competition in different places before the formal examination is very fierce. Because of his rich knowledge and low background, Wang may be unwilling or have no chance to compete outside the hospital. At the beginning of the autobiographical poem "The Past", when it comes to taking the exam in Beijing, he once described it like this:
Teenagers value heroes, while the weak wear cheap clothes.
Only by appreciating the world can we enjoy ourselves.
Wandering in Fuling District, the romantic end of Los Angeles.
And knowing that there is no jade, who wants to chase the golden pill! The meaning of this passage is that I worshipped heroes and chivalrous men in my early years and despised dignitaries who were proud of officialdom. However, just when he was "under his knees", he hurried to Beijing for work because of the objective environment. So I used my spare time after the exam to enjoy the scenic spots in Beijing and the romantic scenery in Luoyang. Knowing that the situation is difficult, I will never chase the door of power and beg for a reward. This shows that King Robin is young and arrogant. Since I look down on powerful people, I certainly don't want to talk to them. People are busy with activities outside the hospital, but he enjoys the scenery of Beijing and Los Angeles leisurely. He has always believed that exams depend on strength, and he is well versed in this. Why should he worry about missing the test center? Naturally, it is easy to get the name of Wild Goose Pagoda.
However, the result of the exam turned out to be Sun Shan!
This time, Wang Bin panicked, and his mood suddenly fell from the height of romanticism to the trough of misery and poverty. For the first time, he realized the cruelty of real life, his personal future, the improvement of family life, and the ardent expectations of his parents and teachers, all of which went up in smoke with the failure of this exam. What's next? Putting aside the shame of being frustrated in the test center, how should the family live in the future? Can't live on other people's welfare for many years? After many sleepless nights, Luo decided to go south to Yiwu and ask relatives and friends in his hometown for help. Although he has left his hometown for more than ten years, the affection of his loved ones has been warm in his heart. He knew that his relatives and friends in his hometown would warmly receive him and regard him as a lost wanderer.
On the way to the south, Wang wrote a poem "I am pregnant on the road" to express his feelings at this time:
I am nostalgic for playing Chu and disappointed in my back.
The dried scales were shocked by the heat, and the feathers were afraid to bend.
Plainclothes Sanchuan, Wu Qiu is still on the tenth.
Mo Yan has no white teeth, and his customs are thin and ruddy!
It's night. The stars and the moon in the sky shine on the river in my hometown. It's beautiful. The rapid paddle beat the waves, and I, a wandering wanderer, finally threw myself into the embrace of my hometown. So the locked eyebrows unfolded and a long-lost smile appeared on his face. "Know the magpies in the south tonight, and it should be easy to walk around the tree!" I, a black magpie flying south, don't have the trouble of "going around the tree three times and having no branches to live in" tonight. The joy of seeing my hometown is beyond words.
Relatives in my hometown warmly received Wang Luobin, expressed deep sympathy for his situation, and extended a helping hand in succession, which made Wang Luobin truly feel the warmth of his family. But at this moment, mother and her brother are waiting in the distance. He can't stay in his hometown for long. He must return to his mother as soon as possible, and don't keep her waiting for a long time.
Wang Luobin rushed back to Xianqiu, which had been closed in recent years. Although he failed to find a career, his family was inevitably disappointed, but family reunion and the Spring Festival added a little joy. The biggest gain of this trip to Chang 'an is that he understands the changes in the world and the harshness of reality. He began to mature, devoted himself to the sea of books with a more pragmatic attitude and studied hard behind closed doors. Be fully prepared for the second battle.
A few years later, Luo finally became an official in Chang 'an.
The process and position of seeking an official are not clear. In The Past, he recorded this career in detail. Judging from the description, his life is quite magnificent, and he is probably the aide of the mansion. But a few years later, he was rejected and went to the office. The reason is of course related to his personality. He is a man of integrity, worships righteousness, despises powerful people, and hates the atmosphere of chasing after each other and fawning on others in officialdom. In addition, it is easy to offend the envy of powerful people and small groups. Finally, from a certain point of view, it is reasonable.
Li is the son of the16th generation, the half-brother of Taizong, and the king of Taoism. At that time, he was appointed as the secretariat of Yuzhou. He loves intellectuals, is generous and open-minded, and appreciates Luo's articles and poems very much. Therefore, I have special respect and respect for King Robin. After being wronged in Beijing, King Robin finally lived a comfortable life in Daowangfu.
According to the Tang system, the official assistant who worked in the pro-palace could not serve for too long. I'm afraid that after a long time, we'll get to know each other and get into trouble, so it usually doesn't last more than four years. Li appreciates his literary talent and knowledge and wants to make appropriate arrangements for his term of office. So after serving for three years, he made a special effort to ask him to "say what he can." The purpose is to hope that Wang Luobin can learn from his talents and talents as a basis for promotion and recommendation. Generally speaking, this is an excellent opportunity to find a job. As long as you make a good statement, you may open up a sunshine avenue for your future.
After nearly ten years in officialdom, although he was once appreciated by Li, what he saw and heard, especially the humiliation of being dismissed from office, made him deeply feel the turbidity of his official career. A straightforward person like himself does not have a set of speculative skills. If he wants to invite a tour in it for a long time, he will be attacked by wind and waves sooner or later. From drowning to death. It is better to jump out of Guanhai as soon as possible, find a place where the wind and waves are not easy to spread, and live a quiet life for a few days. So he stopped seeking an official position and returned to Yanzhou, his second hometown, to learn from his grandfather and live a leisurely life of self-cultivation and self-entertainment.
Comparing this poem with Winter Banquet, we can see that King Robin's mood has changed greatly. In those days, that kind of leisure disappeared, replaced by loneliness and sadness. As I get older, I have a lot of white hair on my head. Another friend left him when the west wind blew the leaves in late autumn. In this case, how can he not be sad and not cry? In particular, the phrase "mourning for his life, but also his poverty" shows that his situation has been down and out, but he is still struggling. "Old Hou of Dongling" refers to Zhaoping, the Hou of Dongling in Qin Dynasty. After Qin died, he became a civilian, and his family was poor, so he could not support himself. He grows melons for a living. King Robin calls himself "Duke of Dongling", which shows that he has no idea of becoming an official again.
The life of political prisoners listening to cicada's calligraphy family is becoming more and more unsustainable. He cultivated several acres to make a living. But for a scholar, it is easy to make a living by farming. Finally, I reached the point where I taught that "the dross is not enough and there is no careful capital", and I can't even eat a simple meal. Especially my mother is old, often sick and in poor health. She's really at the end of her tether. In order to keep his family alive, after careful consideration, King Robin finally changed his mind and looked for a job again. So he wrote a letter to Liu Xiangdao, a senior official of the imperial court, who was also his right-hand man, telling his difficulties and asking for an introduction. In view of his reputation in the literary world, it has attracted the attention of the current party and recommended his countermeasures for entering the DPRK. This year, Luo was 49 years old. With white hair, he returned to Chang 'an and began another troubled career.
Edit the style of this paragraph. They were all brilliant poets in the middle and late Tang Dynasty. The four gifted scholars became famous early, and gained the reputation of "four outstanding figures" in their youth.
They are famous poets with small official positions, young talents and high talents. They played a connecting role in the early Tang Dynasty, connecting Chen Liang and Shen Song. Among them, Lu and Luo Shange, Wang and Yang Shan have five laws. Later generations said that Tang poetry with both temperament and character was shaped from them.
They began to move poetry from the palace to the market, from Taige to Jiangshan and Saimo, with expanded themes and serious thoughts, and the form of five-character and eight-sentence rhythm poetry began to take shape. With the conscious change of writing style, they have a very clear aesthetic pursuit: opposing delicacy and advocating vitality. Although their poems failed to shake off the ethos of the Southern Dynasties, the change of their poetic style and the expansion of their themes predicted the future development direction of Tang poetry and played a positive and progressive role. They are the real pioneers of Tang poetry.
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In the history of Tang poetry, they are pioneers who dare to reform the poetic style of Qi and Liang Dynasties. Tang Taizong likes palace poems, and his poems are mostly romantic, with obvious traces of Qi Liang's palace poems. Shangshuling Shangguan Yi also inherited the legacy of Sui Chen, and his works were all the rage, and scholars rushed to follow suit, which was called "Shangguan Style" in the world.
When Qi Liang's formalistic poetic style was still dominant in the poetic world, the "Four Masters" stepped forward. Wang Bo first stood up against this unhealthy trend in the early Tang Dynasty, and then the other three also stood up in response and joined in the creative activities against "Shangguan Style".
They tried to break through the cage of the legacy of Qi and Liang Dynasties and the "official style", and moved poetry from a narrow court to a vast market, from a narrow pavilion to a vast border of mountains and rivers, which opened up the theme of poetry, enriched the content of poetry, endowed poetry with new vitality, improved the ideological significance of poetry at that time, showed a new poetic style, and promoted the development of poetry in the early Tang Dynasty towards a healthy road. Generally speaking, the contribution of the four outstanding poets to the development of Tang poetry is mainly manifested in the following two aspects:
First of all, in the theme and content of the works, there are poems describing history and things, as well as landscape poems, such as Wang Bo's Tengwangge; Or express the feelings of parting, such as "Farewell to Du DuDu's appointment in Shu", which is a famous article that has been told through the ages; And Luo's "Yu Yishui gives away". Some people praise recruiting people to be stationed in remote areas, some describe recruiting husbands and thinking about women, and some express sympathy for unfortunate women. All four people are talented and have low status, which makes them closer to social reality, so poetry is often used to expose some social phenomena.
Four outstanding poets changed the bad poetic style left by Qi Liang with their own creative practice and achieved certain results.
Secondly, the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty laid the foundation for the five-character poem and made it mature. Five-character method appeared before the "Four Great Masters". Wang Ji, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty, made some efforts, but his works were not many. It was not until the "four great masters" that the five laws were fully developed and gradually fixed in their works. The "Four Masters" created a large number of high-quality poems, which laid a good foundation for Shen Quanqi and the later metrical poems in Song Dynasty.
Five-character ancient poems flourished after the Three Kingdoms period, while seven-character ancient poems did not prosper until the Tang Dynasty. The four masters (Yang Jiong without seven-character poems) pushed the seven-character ancient poems to a mature stage with a large number of excellent works. Therefore, the achievements of the four outstanding poets in the early Tang Dynasty in the development of poetic forms are worthy of full recognition. Among them, Wang and Yang are good at five laws, while Lu and Luo are good at seven ancient (seven words). They played an important role in the history of literature. Du Fu, a great realistic poet, praised the "Four Masters".
In this paragraph, the editor's ranking of four outstanding literary attainments is also different. Song's Essay on Sacrificing Du said that after the founding of the Tang Dynasty, "Wang Luo" returned and listed all the people in this order, which is the earliest known material. Zhang said that "Zhi Bei Tai Wei Pei Gong" said: "When choosing Cao, see Luo,,, and Yang Jiong", headed by Luo. Du Fu's poem "Wang Luzuo at that time", one is "Wang Yang Luo Lu"; The Biography of Pei Xingjian in the Old Tang Dynasty was also prefaced by Wang Yang Luo Lu.
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Although the poems of the four masters have not lost their beauty since Qi Liang, they have initially reversed the literary atmosphere. At that time, it was clearly opposed to "official style" and "thinking about its disadvantages", which was supported by Lu and others (Preface to Yang Jiong). Their poems, from court to life, have a wide range of themes and delicate styles. Lu and Luo's seven-character songs tend to be ci-fu, with a slightly stronger momentum; Wang and Yang's five-character rhythm began to be standardized, and the tone was sonorous. Parallel prose is also full of flexibility and vividness in ci. Lu Shiyong's "Poetry Mirror" said, "Wang Bo is rich in Gao Hua and Yang Jiong, and according to the neighboring algae, Tan Yi and Zi 'an are the best?" When I transferred to the early Tang Dynasty, I took the Six Dynasties. "Four outstanding figures are the characters in the early Tang literary world in the period of alternation between the old and the new.
The editor's contribution to this passage is equally famous, initially referring to his poems, mainly referring to parallel prose and fu. Although the poems of the four masters have not lost their beauty since Qi Liang, they have initially reversed the literary atmosphere. Their poems, from court to life, have a wide range of themes and delicate styles. Lu and Luo's seven-character songs tend to be ci-fu, with a slightly stronger momentum; Wang and Yang's five-character rhythm began to be standardized, and the tone was sonorous. Parallel prose is also full of flexibility and vividness in ci. Four outstanding figures are the figures in the early Tang literary world in the transitional period between the old and the new.
From the early years of Wuhou, four dazzling new stars appeared in China's poetry circle, namely, Yang Jiong and Lu. Similar life experiences, outstanding creative talents, and similar poetry and prose creation skills make the names of the four new stars closely linked, and they are called "four outstanding figures" or "four gifted scholars" and "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty" in the history of literature.