Most of the Han Dynasty portrait bricks in China flourished in the Han Dynasty. Now it has been unearthed in Henan, Sichuan, Jiangsu and other provinces. Portrait bricks in the Han Dynasty were often used for the decoration of tomb buildings. At that time, the custom of reburying dignitaries was popular in the world. In the tomb, death comes into life, and if the room is dark, it pursues the unity of heaven and man, the unity of heaven and man, and the integration of sculpture and painting, becoming a portrait brick of Han Dynasty.
The theme of Han Dynasty portrait brick is "to inspire and help others", which is quite rich in Confucian and Taoist philosophy. The common ones are Fuxi, Nuwa, Dong and the Queen Mother of the West, loyal ministers, dutiful sons, martyrs, street figures, fishing and hunting, gardening, animals and plants, calligraphy, etc., which profoundly reflect the politics and economy of the Han Dynasty. In the form of artistic creation and production, the shapes are huge, thin, square or flat. Carving techniques include film carving, imprint reproduction, yin line and yang line carving, as well as relief and line carving. Different regional styles and unearthed places are beautiful. It is a treasure in the history of art and a treasure in the world art treasure house.
Performance content:
Like tiles, the practical value of exposed bricks depends on the needs of buildings and tombs. Therefore, its text content is as follows: 1. Brick-making place names, place names and names of administrative offices. This kind of registration, with only a few words, inherited the custom of making pottery in the Warring States Qin Dynasty, and most of them were stamped on the brick surface. For example, the clock on the brick produced by Right Sikong bears the marks of "Right Empty" and "Empty". Later, with the development of folk brick industry, the registered name on this brick was gradually replaced by the name of the tomb owner. It turns out that this kind of seal is a labor tool, which is different from the popular seal for detecting rape germination in Han Dynasty. However, it is regarded as a branch of Xi seal, because the pottery traces it left are similar to mud seals. Brick-makers use it as a sign on the building. This kind of sign is mainly the number, the orientation and size of the building. Most of them are directly carved on bricks by craftsmen with hard tools, such as the word "430" on Fengxiang bricks in Shaanxi Province in the Han Dynasty. There are also many examples of this kind of mark, which is expressed by stamping in mass production, or because buildings need to write on bricks with brush and ink. 3. Chronology and Chronology. This kind of brick inscription recording the time of establishing the mausoleum is common in Han tombs and folk tombs, such as "making bricks on August 10 of the first year of Jianning" and "making bricks in the early Yuan Dynasty". The tomb brick also records the historical facts of Xu Lihua's heavy burial. For example, it is recorded on the brick of the tomb of Yonghe Five-year (140) in Gaixian County, Liaoning Province: "Yonghe made great efforts in five years, and only a thousand people were used, so all scholars helped each other, so they prepared for life and death." 4. Auspicious language, the language of praying for Zhan Xiang. It first appeared on the floor tiles of several official buildings of the Western Han Dynasty Palace, such as "Four Seas ministers, mature at the age of ten, don't be hungry" brick, "Khan couple, long live the Millennium, happiness is not ended" brick, "Changle Palace is not ended, descendants Yichang, long live the Millennium" brick, "xia yang rich palace wall and infinite heaven and earth" brick, and "Fuguichang, Yi" brick unearthed in Sichuan. In addition, the rectangular brick "Harmony between Life and Heaven, Day and Month" unearthed from the former site of Zhangjian Palace in Xi 'an, although not paved with floor tiles, also shows luxurious palace colors. It belongs to the same category as the above-mentioned floor tiles. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the custom of thick burial spread all over the people, and a large number of brick carvings of auspicious words appeared on the tombs of small brick houses. The most common auspicious words are "lucky strike", "suitable for future generations" and "rich and magnificent", which set off with patterns and patterns, showing unique decorative beauty. 5. epitaph. The epitaph of the Han Dynasty is still in its infancy. The typical epitaph in Han Dynasty is the brick of prisoners' tomb in Luoyang, which is similar to the burial tile in Qin Dynasty, and only records the names, household registration and death year of prisoners. 6. others. A small amount of "land purchase vouchers" can also be seen in brick carvings in the Han Dynasty, which is a kind of funerary object similar to the title deed. The inscription records the name of the deceased, the date of death, the source, size, scope, value and witnesses of the land purchased. In the Han dynasty, lead bars were common in land vouchers. The "Liu Yuantai's Floor Tile Voucher" in the Eastern Han Tomb in Ganquan, Yangzhou, is a seven-prism brick with lettering on seven sides, which is quite similar to China's woodblock writing. In addition, there is an inscription in the brick carving in Han Dynasty that has nothing to do with the story of the tomb owner, the brick maker and the place of manufacture, and is generally described by folk craftsmen in Xu's labor hand. Many inscriptions in the brick tombs of Cao Cao's family in Hao County, Anhui Province at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty belong to this type. Bricks handed down from generation to generation in the Han Dynasty, such as Biography of the Fair and Biography of the Ram, should be written and engraved by folk craftsmen and calligraphers who are well versed in literature and ink.