Mr. Chen Baisha did not dare to give the seal, and the word Gongfu was called Shi Zhai. Ming Xuande was born in Duhui Township, Xinhui County, Guangdong Province on 14281October 2 1. When I was a child, I lived in Baisha Township, Jiangmen, and the literati called Mr. Baisha by his hometown name. He died in the 13th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty (1500) at the age of 73.
Baisha was born in the twelfth year of orthodoxy. At the age of 20, he took the provincial examination and won the ninth place. After that, I went to Beijing several times and failed in the exam. Nineteen years of Chenghua (1483), 56 years old. He began to recommend the official imperial academy Review to serve his mother, and returned to Biyulou in Shaxiang to study and give lectures. Since then, he has never been an official.
Although Baisha was not an official all his life, he was famous for Neo-Confucianism. He was an outstanding Neo-Confucianism, a famous educator, calligrapher and poet in the Ming Dynasty. Its theory is called "White Sands Theory" or "Jiangmen School".
Baisha's Neo-Confucianism comes from Wu Men and Zhou. He pursued the philosophy of "sitting quietly to clarify the heart and realize the Tao from it", and his theory was unique and had great influence at that time. Since the emergence of Baisha Theory, Neo-Confucianism in Ming Dynasty has been "imperceptibly influenced", and Huang Zongxi spoke highly of Chen Baisha's theory as "independent and extraordinary". (See "The Strategy of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty") Zhang Taiyan, a master of Chinese studies, said: "Since Chen Baisha, scholars and Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty have been independent and formed their own systems." Professor Zhang Pei, a modern scholar, thinks: "His thought inherits the influence of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, is the first of enlightened Confucianism, and has the status and function of connecting the past with the future." See Research on Chen Baisha's Philosophical Thought, which shows that Baisha occupies an important position in China's philosophical system.
The purpose of Baisha's lectures is not flashy, but practical, which runs counter to the traditional school-running style of official schools that was popular at that time and indulged in fame and fortune. It broke through the academic authority of the orthodox school, liberated the shackles of the traditional system and opened up a new road for scholars.
Mr. Baisha is a contemporary poet. His invitation is lofty, elegant and elegant, with the style of Tao Yuanming and Shao Kangjie. Zhang Xu said: "His poems are also god-fearing, and some of them are not available to the ancients." (See "Towards the Star") He often talks about Taoism with poems, which are full of philosophy, so he has the reputation of "White Sands Poetry is like Zen". In order to study Baisha's Neo-Confucianism, scholars in later generations mostly explore from the fragments of his poems. And his poems are simple, straightforward and straightforward. Look at some of his five-character poems, and you can see one thing:
(1) A group of children went fishing together, but once in a while, the other three failed, so they threw a pole to climb the tree.
(2) What's the harm if the east boat pats the west boat? It's windy at night, and the boat is fighting for low.
(3) Get rid of desire and don't reveal secrets. Living in all things, the heart is in all things.
These are simple, reasonable and philosophical works, and they are the most distinctive and lofty poems of the Ming Dynasty. Besides Neo-Confucianism, poetry and literature, Baisha is better at writing books. His calligraphy was transplanted from Ou Yangxun, and it became self-contained with the help of Misu. When I was young, I wrote with a brush, but cursive was the best. One of the famous calligraphy axes handed down from generation to generation is written with a brush. In his later years, he liked to write books with a brush. The brush is made of white sand, and it is hairy. It is said that the Japanese "Maolong" is now the tablet of Yamen Ciyuan Temple, which was written by Baisha in his later years. Professor Mai's evaluation of Baisha's calligraphy is that "Baisha used Mao Long's pen to write vigorous and powerful characters, used astringency to cure sweetness and weakness, which made the world look fresh and refreshing, showing the revival of calligraphy style". The appearance of Baisha calligraphy washed away the weak and lax calligraphy style since Yuan Dynasty and changed the calligraphy of Ming Dynasty. This is Baisha's contribution to calligraphy attainments.
According to the old legend, Yuan General Zhang Hongfan became arrogant after he led the troops to the yamen to force him to death. He emphasized the yamen, saying that the book "Zhang Hongfan Destroyed Song here" was a tribute to himself, and Baisha hated it. In order to add the word "Song" to it, it became "Zhang Songhong Fan Destroyed Song here". One more word, and this "founding hero" will be demoted as a sinner through the ages, which is really the pen of the Spring and Autumn Period.
After the death of Mr. Baisha, in order to miss his moral demeanor, the court ordered him to be enshrined in the Confucius Temple in the 13th year of Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, and he was listed in the Confucius Temple with the sages of previous dynasties for future generations to admire. Among the historical figures in Guangdong Province, only Mr. Baisha can be enshrined in the Confucius Temple. Therefore, it has the reputation of "one person in Lingnan". Mr. Baisha's moral demeanor throughout his life is deeply admired by later generations. In historical documents, there are many monographs handed down. Today, there are still "Baisha Memorial Hall" and "Baisha Memorial Middle School" in Hong Kong and other places. Every birthday, at the age of 20, we will also publish publications about Baisha and other commemorative activities.
There are many relics of Mr. Baisha in Jiangmen, except Chu Yun Terrace, Spring Balcony, Lushan Academy and Jiahui Building. There are still Baisha Temple, Biyulou and Jie Zhen Monument Square, which are all buildings of the Ming Dynasty. Among them, chastity archway has also been designated as "key cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province". In addition, there are memorial buildings such as the former site of Diaoyutai and Baisha Park.
In addition, Baisha has made great contributions to the long-term exhibition of Guqin in Lingnan. Mr. Baisha devoted his whole life to the study of Qin Le in Lingnan area and made important contributions to the development of Qin Le in Lingnan. His piano is still on display in Guangzhou Museum.
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Chen Baisha Temple
Chen Baisha Temple is located in Baisha Village, a suburb of Jiangmen. It was built in the 12th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1584). In the center of the temple is the statue of Chen Baisha, next to which are the plaques and inscriptions in Baisha calligraphy. The wooden stone archway in front of the door has three floors, three sides and four columns. There are eaves upstairs, and there are exquisite and dense arches, rafters and exquisite brick carvings under the eaves. It is a beautiful Ming-style archway in Guangdong. There are Qianmen, Xiezhen Hall, Chongzheng Hall and Jasper House. In the temple, all buildings have four corridors.