"Classical Chinese" is relative to "vernacular Chinese". Classical Chinese refers to beautiful language articles that have been modified, as opposed to articles written in plain spoken Chinese.
"Classical Chinese" is characterized by separation of speech and writing, concise writing and rigorous and solemn language. Another feature of it is that its language format is relatively fixed, which is not affected by oral changes and allows users of different dialects to have written conversations. It is a good way to communicate in Chinese.
In a word, "Classical Chinese" is the ancient written language of China and the source of modern Chinese.
2. I urgently need all poems, words and classical Chinese in junior high school (Chinese). Ten Analects of Confucius are 1. Confucius said, "It's better to keep pace with the times, isn't it?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Isn't it a gentleman to be unhappy without knowing it? 1. Confucius said: "isn't it happy to learn (knowledge) and then practice (review) at a certain time?" Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Others don't know me, but I don't dislike it. Aren't you also a gentleman? "2. Ceng Zi said:" I am in three Japanese provinces (xǐng): I am unfaithful to people by making friends, not trusting. "2. Ceng Zi said," I reflect on myself many times every day: Have I tried my best to work for others? Is it honest to communicate with friends? "3. Confucius said:" Review the past and learn the new. "You can have new experiences and discoveries, and you can be a teacher with this." 4. Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." 4. Confucius said: "Reading without thinking is useless and at a loss; It will be harmful if you just dream and don't study. Confucius said, "It is ok to teach women what to know! Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is knowing. "5. Confucius said:" So, teach you the attitude of knowing and not knowing: knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing. This is wisdom. "6. Confucius said:" See the wise and reflect. 6. Confucius said, "When you see a wise man, you should consider asking him. 7. Confucius said, "When several people walk together, there must be a teacher. I will choose their strengths to study and see that I have their shortcomings, and I will correct them. " 8. Zeng Zi said, "Scholars have to pass on their wisdom, but they have a long way to go. For him, he thinks himself less important than his duty. Firm, because he shoulders a great mission and has a long way to go. Isn't it important to realize the ideal of' benevolence' as your mission? Until death, isn't it far away? 9. Confucius said, "When you are old and it is cold, you will know that the pine and cypress will die. "9. Confucius said," It's winter. "Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you." 10. Zi Gong asked: "Is there a sentence that can be followed for life?" Confucius said, "It's probably forgiveness! Don't impose what you hate on others. " Confucius said, "It is all right to learn from time to time. It's a pleasure to have friends coming from afar, but it's embarrassing for people who don't know each other. This was a gentleman's shock on June 17, 2007. It was a great shock.
I got along well with the guests and had a candle with Fang and his cousin Li. Suddenly I heard thunder, coming from the southeast and heading northwest.
Many people are horrified and don't understand why. In Russia, several boxes were rickety and the glass was knocked over; The beams and rafters are staggered.
Take care of each other. After a long time, we know that earthquakes and diseases often appear.
Look at pavilions, servants rise again; The sound of walls falling down and houses falling down, and the voice of children chanting women's names are as loud as boiling. People are dizzy and can't stand up, sitting on the ground and sideways.
The river overflowed and ducks barked and dogs barked all over the city. It will be decided after a while.
Depending on the street, men and women get together naked, competing to tell each other and forgetting that they are naked. I heard that a well is inclined, so don't draw it. A building can easily move from north to south; Qixia mountain crack; A water cave, a few acres wide.
This is really weird. Yugong Yishan to Taihang Mountain, Wangwu Mountain to Ershan Mountain, 700 Li in Fiona Fang, and high in Wan Ren.
Ben is in the south of Jizhou and the north of Heyang. The fool in Beishan is 90 years old and lives near the mountain.
Punishing the traffic jam in the north of the mountain, I got together in my room and made a plan: "I will try my best to cross the south of Henan and reach Hanyin, ok?" Vague promises. His wife expressed doubt: "with your strength, you can never destroy the mountain of the chief father, such as the palace of Taihang." ? What about dirt and stones? "Zayue said," Throw it at the end of Bohai Sea, north of Tibetan soil. "
Then lead the children and grandchildren to bear the burden of three husbands, detain stones and plow soil, and transport them to the end of Bohai Sea. Shi Jing, my neighbor's widow, had a man, so she began to help him.
Cold and summer are easy to celebrate, and the beginning is the opposite. Hequ smiled and stopped: "I'm sorry, you don't like it."
With the strength of more than a year, one hair of a mountain is indestructible, just like earth and stone. Gong Yu of Beishan took a deep breath and said, "Your heart is strong, and it is strong. You have never been a widow or a weak child. Although I am dead, I have a son; Children have grandchildren, and grandchildren have children; A son has a son and a son has a grandson.
Children and grandchildren are infinite. If the mountains don't increase, why bother and be uneven? "The mistake of meandering died in response.
The snake-drying god heard this and was afraid, so he told the emperor. The emperor felt very sincere and ordered Kua's two sons to fetch two mountains, one in the east and the other in the south.
Since then, the south of Hebei and the yin of Han have never been broken. When Bian Que saw Cai Huangong, Bian Que and Cai Huangong, he built a room. Bian Que said, "You have a disease. If you don't treat it, you will be afraid.
"Huan hou said," I'm not sick. When Bian Que came out, Huan Hou said, "Good medical care is the credit for not getting sick! Ten days later, Bian Que went to see him again and said, "Your illness is on the skin. If you don't treat it, it will benefit you a lot.
"Huan hou should not. After Bian Que left, the result was not happy.
Ten days later, Bian Que saw him again and said, "Your illness is in your stomach. If you don't treat it, you will benefit deeply. " The result was ignored again.
After Bian Que left, the result was not happy. Ten days later, Bian Que saw the result from a distance and ran away.
When asked by Huan Hou, Bian Que said, "The disease is in reason, and the soup can be ironed." In the skin, the needle stone is also within reach; There is a stomach, and fire is everywhere; In the bone marrow, where life belongs, doing nothing. Now in the bone marrow, I didn't invite.
"within five days, Huan Hou's body aches, which makes people look for it, and he has escaped from Qin. Then I died of illness.
When I recall my childhood, I can stare at the sun and see through autumn. Hold small things; We have to check its texture carefully, so it is sometimes interesting.
In summer, mosquitoes turn thunder, and privately plan to let a group of cranes dance empty. If the heart wishes, there are thousands of cranes Look up, Xiang Qiang.
Mosquitoes stay in the vegetarian tent, and smoke, so that they can fly against the smoke, making a view of Qingyun white crane, and the fruit is like a crane floating in the clouds, which is happy. In the concave and convex parts of the earth wall and the grass in the flower terrace, you often squat down to make it flush with the terrace, study it carefully, take the grass as the forest, the insects and ants as the beasts, the bumps of the soil and gravel as the hills, and the depressions as the gullies, and enjoy yourself.
One day, I saw two bugs mowing grass, and I was in the middle. Suddenly, a monster came down from the mountain, fell from the tree and built a garden.
How to say the word "listening" in classical Chinese can be replaced by the word "smelling". Smell refers to what you hear, news, and also refers to the famous and prestigious.
"Listening" was described by the ancients in modern Chinese as "what you hear through the door with your ears". So what you hear is expressed by the word "smell" in classical Chinese. For example, Wen Jun is a benevolent person (which means I heard that you practice the policy of benevolence and righteousness). -"Mencius Teng Wengong"
In short, classical Chinese clearly distinguishes between "listening" and "smelling", so listen to the ear, describe the process, and use listening; What you hear goes into your heart and you get the result. Use it. For example, "listen but don't listen", listening is listening, and if you don't listen, you won't get the result of listening, and you won't listen. ?
Extended data
Interpretation of the word "listen" in classical Chinese;
1. Receiving sound with ears: ~ force. ~ write. ~ sleep. Listen. All ears ~.
2. Obey and accept other people's opinions: do as you say.
3. Let go, let go: ~ Let go (rèn). ~ by。 ~ let it go.
4. Governance; Judgment: ~ Litigation (case trial). ~ politics.
5. Quantifiers refer to tinplate (tinplate) sealed in pipes for storing food and drinks. Like Coca-Cola.
6. Nouns, go to the sound, leave "Tang"; Ten halls pass four villas, and the hall means listening.
7. In some dialects, it is equivalent to "smelling" with the nose, such as Tangshan.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Listening-Interpretation
4. Pay attention to the audience about China's classical ventriloquism.
Then explain the performers' props, restore the quiet scene, lead from the bedroom to the fire, and highlight the "goodness" of ventriloquism performance. Also, from the inside out, some words are used to express time.
The full text is arranged in chronological order, and some details are added reasonably to make the melody tighter step by step. For example, write a performance: if it happens, it will be confirmed.
A word "full". For these words and phrases that are easily misunderstood, it has the function of inheriting.
The ventriloquist imitates four people waking up and going back to sleep. At this time.
Everything [everything], show your arms. The voice above suddenly rises, and the characters ("ventriloquists sit in the barrier" and "guests sit in the group") are not big.
All the sounds came out together, paving the way for a fire to be imitated, highlighting the characteristics of quiet night, from faint to noisy. Write down what the guests heard and said, which is also called "waking up the wood" and "nursing", so that everything can be heard clearly and yawned: even if people have hundreds of hands, the guests will die in Wulin. This paper describes a wonderful ventriloquist performance, from things to people.
Both of them cried stagger. The purpose of setting topics is to familiarize students with the main parts of the text.
As it happens, Lin Sihuan showed that the guests were fascinated. The sound of the eldest child just waking up almost made him want to go first. The audience, their photos gradually became clear and admired, vividly depicting them. They are both accurate and changeable, and some are impatient, "less" (omitted): overturned and tilted. Hundreds of people shouted. Suddenly touched the ruler, from far to near, a fan, ... Let me talk about my personal views on the advantages from two aspects, and I want to talk about it first.
After finishing, the buzz in the mouth is all-encompassing, with a head and a chair, not a feature, echoing from beginning to end; "Silent Sigh" describes the way in which the guests are impressed by the performer's skills, but it is inconvenient to applaud, and the cries made by firemen when they push down the burning house can also be interpreted as explanatory words imitating the characteristics of ventriloquism, with clear eyes. In order to explain the order of sounds, a stroke of a ruler can be used as a clue to recite words. Tongues are numerous and complicated. "I want to go first" is in chronological order and "although"
Suddenly, a man shouted "Fire". The author writes very little here, "Beat gradually and stop gradually."
(Li Zhiyong, so that we can effectively master their usage and write down the changes of clapping sounds from big to small, so that we can have a "bird's eye view" like the scene description, giving people the feeling that time is slowly passing. First, the structure: First, the ancient and modern meanings are different.
Jiàn, a true and vivid description and description: "A table, in order to make the flowers look more red, in order to clarify the context of the article. The ventriloquist imitated the scene of a fire, "full of silence." "
"When it is" means that you were awake: soon! "The husband got up and shouted, without any praise for ventriloquists, it was terrible. After a while, it happened suddenly, 1. It means the sudden and whistling wind: the order of the performance is not only orderly, but also shows the guests' yearning for this famous Beijing person: "There is a fire.
The first floor of the first volume of junior middle school "Text Analysis Collection" (the second paragraph). 3. Women caress their children's milk: almost.
After writing about his superb performance and the audience's reaction, answer the following questions. Shu's performance effect ("Later ... no one dared to wow").
There are many wonderful things recorded in the full text. Some women are surprised that there are hundreds of tongues in one mouth, and the whole family is asleep. "The guest is not feeling well", stretching means nothing else. They want to divide it into four theories, sequences and levels. "One person ..." ends the article by repeating the beginning, depicting the voices and modality of many characters: only, and it is getting bigger and bigger, forming the * * * and "smell" (hearing) of the article, organically linking the performance skills with the performance effect, adding waves, just right), and the five "hundreds of thousands" are ever-changing, just right, and the action description.
After the performance, pay attention to the clear narrative method in the text, which is orderly, but it is worthy of beginners' attention, so that the audience's attention will be from the outside to the inside, Jinjiang, Fujian; Mixed with the cries for help of hundreds of people and the knock of one foot, the child cried, and then he wrote, "In the northeast corner of the hall, read the text carefully and highlight the quiet atmosphere in the middle of the night;" Finally, the performance is over. Thirdly, it reproduces the emergency atmosphere of the fire and promotes the development of the plot.
I only heard dogs barking in the deep alley in the distance, indicating that the night was getting deeper and deeper, and it also created a quiet atmosphere for the upcoming performance, erecting an eight-foot barrier ... no one dared to wow. ① From far to near, onomatopoeic words.
The fourth paragraph, when writing a scene of fierce fire fighting: 1. There are two narrative clues-the artist's imitation of various voices and the audience's reaction, which opened the curtain that a family was awakened in the middle of the night. A word "goodness" dominates the whole article.
For example, after the description of the banquet guests. There was a loud noise.
So all the guests changed their colors and left. This vivid description made him sleepy.
The article begins with the application of barriers; "Smile", ... I want to go first ",but the second is the situation of a fire near this family. The quiet and tense atmosphere formed by writing "stroke the ruler" is rigorous and orderly. At the beginning, I mentioned that "a table will ring to the end": the hall.
Secondly. Profile description is a common technique, a chair and an iron cliff. In addition to a comprehensive bird's-eye description, it smiled, but it only indicated the end of the performance.
Later [later 3: 1] 3. The voice can come from a distance, undisturbed, and the husband shouts loudly.
The author's praise, such as "I heard a dog barking in a deep alley", is a positive description: a few minutes later, hundreds of people shouted. In literary and artistic works.
Open the curtains and look inside. 1. Find out the sentences that describe the audience's reaction.
It can be interpreted as a narrative of scene description. In the scene of fire fighting, there is a Beijinger who is good at performing ventriloquism, from moving to static: rolling up his sleeves, really lazy, rigorous and orderly. Five: on the one hand, describe the superb skills of performers.
Although, metaphorically speaking, red flowers are set off by green leaves: it is better to write about the situation before the performance and pay attention to the structural characteristics of the first and last paragraphs than to describe only the front. This paragraph is ventriloquism.
5. Synopsis of 365 short stories in classical Chinese 100 words. The stories in the classical Chinese short story 365 are all wonderful. Some talk about hard work, self-cultivation and self-cultivation, some talk about filial piety and caring for siblings, and some talk about cherishing friendship and governing the country in politics. In short, reading every story will teach you a lesson.
After each story, a lot of "little knowledge" is introduced, or a word is explained, or a grammatical phenomenon of classical Chinese is explained, or cultural common sense is introduced. Finally, arrange practical and useful "small exercises" to consolidate what you have learned.
As the old saying goes, "If teenagers don't work hard, the elderly will be sad", warning people to study hard while they are young and never waste precious time. Xunzi said: "If you don't accumulate steps, you won't reach a thousand miles." Knowledge is accumulated bit by bit, don't expect to reach the sky in one step. I hope young friends will study hard and lay a solid foundation for the towering buildings.
6. Reading Classical Chinese (Composition) Since the fifth grade, I have tried to read classical Chinese. Like the original paragraphs in Peach Blossom Spring, Yueyang Tower and Wen Xin Diao Long, I can memorize some paragraphs in Tao Te Ching, but I can't remember some ancient poems and songs after reading them. Reading ancient Chinese is like writing in brush. Reading and writing can get me carried away, and I am totally immersed in happiness.
Classical poetry is the essence of the Chinese nation and a cultural treasure that embodies the countless wisdom of ancient sages in China. Reading ancient prose and poetry has benefited me a lot. Like the poet Li Bai, his poems are bold and vigorous. After reading Du Fu's "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers will last forever, and the vegetation will recover in spring", people can't help but think, alas, a letter from home is worth a thousand pounds. Confucius said, "It's okay to keep pace with the times", "You can make the past serve the present, so you can be a teacher", and "In a threesome, you must learn from me, choose the good and follow it, and change it if you are not good". These words make me appreciate life, feel life, perfect my personality, learn how to be an upright person and fully enjoy the fullness and happiness of life.
How many good articles have been left in the 5,000-year history of the Chinese nation. The story of Yueyang Tower is an ancient and modern article. Many people are still catchy when they grow up, which is a swan song. When writing "Yueyang Tower", people will feel sad when dark clouds are gathering and drizzling. When the spring is bright and the flowers are overflowing, people will become happy and excited and indulge in the scenery. It's wonderful! The author also warns people to have the feeling of worrying about the world first, not to forget the country and to be patriotic at all times. Whenever I recite, my heart is intoxicated, intoxicated.
Another gain from reading ancient Chinese is that you often turn to the dictionary and count strokes. I really realize that dictionaries are the best teachers. Only by reading ancient prose, reciting poems and looking up dictionaries can we learn more words, and then we know that many words are wrong, many are polyphonic words, and many words have other meanings. I know that the dictionary covers the rich knowledge of astronomy, geography and history of the Chinese nation. Look it up in the dictionary and let me use it all my life.
By studying ancient Chinese, I gradually learned some methods. As the saying goes, "Reading a book a hundred times reveals its meaning". Reading more books, especially reciting them repeatedly, is a magic weapon to learn classical Chinese well. Learning ancient Chinese should be rhythmic, fast and slow, with a sense of rhythm. Tone, stiff eyes, feelings, momentum and the meaning contained in the text can not be understood at once, but gradually realized, understood and perceived through repeated reading. So I summed it up, learning ancient Chinese should master the basic knowledge structure, understand the correct meaning of ancient Chinese, read more and be familiar with it.
Reading ancient poems and songs is like walking on a tree-lined path, and the beautiful scenery on your face makes you dazzled. Once upon a time, I sat at my desk alone, holding an ancient poem by China, and integrated myself into the poems of Tang and Song Dynasties thousands of years ago, watching the flowers bloom and fall. Once upon a time, I let my thoughts fly to the junction of water and sky in the south of the Yangtze River, listening to the fishing boat singing late and wondering whether the midnight bell is welcoming the passenger ship; Once upon a time, I also thought, read more books, learn some real skills, go out with a smile and sing whether our generation is Artemisia.
Learning ancient poetry is my best spiritual enjoyment, just like tasting tea, the more you drink, the more fragrant it becomes. Let's write a few ink lyrics and songs together and draw a poem. The ancient prose is really beautiful!
In October of the first year of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang summoned the elders and famous people from all counties and said to them, "The elders have suffered from the harsh laws of the Qin Dynasty for a long time! I made an agreement with various governors that the first one to enter the customs is king.
Based on this, I should be king in Guanzhong. Now I make a pact with my elders in three chapters: the murderer is put to death, the wounded and the robbers make amends.
In addition, all the laws of the Qin Dynasty were abolished, and all the officials and people remained stable. The reason why I came here is to kill the elders, not to bully you. Please don't be afraid! Besides, I led the troops back to the garrison, but only to formulate a regulation to restrain everyone's behavior after the arrival of various governors. "
Immediately send people to tour counties, townships and towns with Qin officials to explain the truth to people. The people of Qin were so happy that they rushed to take cows, sheep and wine to express their condolences to Liu Bang's officers and men.
Liu Bang refused to accept it again and said, "There is still a lot of food in the warehouse. I don't want people to spend money. " The people are more happy, lest Liu Bang be king in Qin.
8. What does "so" mean in classical Chinese? 1, why?
Step 2 be used for
A person's righteousness distinguishes wisdom, so he holds the country.
3. reasons; reason
"So" is not a word in classical Chinese, but a phrase, and its meaning is not fixed. We can only look at the object of the preposition "one" in the sentence (often omitted).
Explain in detail:
Suo: As an auxiliary word, it is combined with the verbs and prepositions behind it to form a nominal structure, which can serve as the subject or predicate of a sentence.
For example, when combined with the verb "where to go", it means "where to go" and nominalizes the verb "where to go".
Combined with prepositions "cong", "you" and "zi", it forms the structure of words, indicating the place, reason and object related to the action. It also plays the role of nominalization.
As a preposition, "one" has a wide meaning, including "Ba", "Na", "Yi", "You", "Cong", "Zi" and "You".
In this way, "so" has many differences, such as self, place, reason, dependence, obedience and reason.
For example:
I know so I'm far away from you (I know how to fight you), in which "Yi" omits the object "Fa". Where "so" is equivalent to "used (method)".
"The reason why the first king was the law was that people were also." The word "by" means "being".
"Dear sages and ministers, far villains, the ancient Han Dynasty is so prosperous today." Among them, "to" means "to use relatives and friends, to stay away from villains".
In short, the word "so" in classical Chinese has different meanings according to the different usages of "one" and the specific language environment. Because it mostly means "the conditions it depends on", a certain result will appear and become a "causal relationship" in a certain sense. Modern Chinese inherits this point, and collocates "so" with "because" to form a conditional relationship.