brief introduction
Name: Shen Zhou.
Alias: the word Qinan, No.,Baishi Weng,No. Yu Tiansheng, the owner of Zhulou.
Date of birth and death: 1427-1509.
Dynasty: Ming dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Native place: Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu).
Representative works: The High Map of Lushan Mountain, Old Stories of Lin Qiu and Interesting Pictures of Cangzhou, including Stone Field Collection and Guest News.
Art life
Shen Zhou should not take the imperial examination, but should specialize in poetry, calligraphy and painting. He was the pioneer of the "five schools" of literati painting in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and was also called "Ming Sijia" with Wen Zhiming, Tang Yin and Chou Ying.
Shen Zhou has played a connecting role in the field of literati painting since Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Calligrapher Huang Tingjian is particularly accomplished in painting. He also painted landscapes, flowers and birds, and also painted figures, with outstanding achievements in landscapes and flowers and birds. In painting methods, Shen Zhou inherited his family studies in his early years and studied under Du Qiong.
Later, he studied other painting schools in Song and Yuan Dynasties, mainly inheriting the pale red ink painting system of Dong Yuan, Ju Ran, Huang, Wang Meng and Zhenwu. In addition, he also participated in the pen and ink of Li, Liu, Ma and Xia Jinjian in the Southern Song Dynasty, and integrated them, using both rigidity and softness, forming a new style of rough ink and wash, and forming his own family.
Shen Zhou became a leader in painting in middle age, with rigorous and beautiful techniques, steady brushwork and hidden bones and muscles. In his later years, he was cheerful, uninhibited and high-spirited. Look at Shen Zhouzhi's paintings. The techniques are comprehensive and vigorous. On the basis of learning from the methods of Song and Yuan Dynasties, he created his own works, and further developed the expression techniques of literati's ink and wash landscapes and flower-and-bird paintings, and was praised as the leader of Wu Pai.
Shen Zhou's landscape painting style can be divided into two categories: one is meticulous work based on Wang Meng's imitation, which experts call "implicit"; One kind is a general work based on learning Zhenwu, which experts call "rough". Shen Zhou's works with "implicit" style are rare and cherished by the world. Shen Zhou's painting creation process can be roughly divided into three stages: early stage, middle stage and late stage.
Shen Zhou painted small paintings in his early years, and began to exhibit them after he was 40. When people reach middle age, his paintings are rigorous and delicate, and he exercises calmly with his pen to win by strength. In his later years, his pen and ink were simple, bold and magnificent. Shen Zhou's paintings, with comprehensive and simple techniques, have their own creations on the basis of imitating the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and developed the expressive techniques of literati's freehand brushwork of landscapes, flowers and birds, becoming a leader in Wu Pai.
Some of his landscape paintings describe mountains and rivers and show the three-dimensional view of traditional landscape paintings. However, most of the works describe the southern landscape and garden scenery, showing the leisure and interest of the literati life at that time.
Shen Zhou's flower-and-bird paintings have different styles in different periods, which the researchers summarized as "elegant and quiet in early years, bold and unrestrained in middle age, and heavy and old in old age." This is a general division. In fact, Shen Zhou's works in different periods have different faces. His flower-and-bird paintings can be divided into two types: coloring and ink painting. Colored flower-and-bird works are painted in light colors, and there are also works, such as Sleeping Goose under Flowers. Ink freehand brushwork has the greatest influence from generation to generation. Shen Zhou's ink paintings in the middle and late period are freehand brushwork with various techniques, especially boneless brushwork and hook brushwork.
Boneless paintings, such as the shrimps and crabs in Xinyi Ink Painting Collection, Loquat Painting, Pomegranate Painting and Sketchbook. Tick works such as pictures of banana cranes, pigeons in sketches and so on. The style of Shen Zhou's flower-and-bird painting is to strive for the harmonious unity of content and form, which is mainly reflected in the following four aspects: the theme tends to be "plain and naive", the theme selection is "extensive", the composition arrangement is "ingenious" and the pen and ink language is bold and innovative.
2. Wen Zhiming
brief introduction
Name: Wen Zhiming.
Alias: Formerly known as Bisu, the word Zheng Ming, Hengshan laity, known as "Wenheng Mountain".
Date of birth and death: 1470-1559.
Dynasty: Ming dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Native place: Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu).
Representative works: Paintings handed down from ancient times, such as Thousand Rocks Show, Thousand Rivers for a Picture, Lady Xiang Jun, Shihu Caotang, Shihu Poetry and Painting, Hengtang Poetry, Tiger Hill Picture, Tian Ping Travel Picture, etc. Books handed down from ancient times include Poems of Xiyuan, Poems of Fisherman, Biography of Beishan Literature, etc. He is the author of "Fu Tian Collection" and the editor-in-chief of "Stop Yuting Fa Tie".
Art life
At the age of forty-two, Wen Zhiming began to use the word "line", and the word "center" became more important. Poets Bai Juyi and Su Shi were educated in Wu Kuan, studied in Liying Town and studied painting in Shenyang. In terms of poetry and prose, he, Zhu Yunming, Tang Yin and Xu Zhenqing are also called "four talents in Wuzhong". In the history of painting, Shen Zhou and Tang Yin are also called "Si Wu masters".
Wen Zhiming's calligraphy and painting attainments are extremely comprehensive, and his poems, essays and paintings are excellent. People call it the "four unique" generalist. Although he imitated Shen Zhou, he still has his own style. He is versatile, green ink and wash, and meticulous brushwork. Mountains and rivers, people, flowers, orchids, etc.
Wen Zhiming's paintings are good at landscapes, orchids, figures and flowers, especially landscapes. In his early years, he studied under Shen Zhou, and then devoted himself to studying _, Wang Meng and Zhenwu, forming his own style. Painting styles are thick and thin.
Rough brush originated in Shen Zhou and Zhenwu, and Zhao Meng's ancient wood and bamboo stone method was adopted. Pen and ink are vigorous and dripping, dry pen rubbings, calligraphy flies white, and hierarchy and charm can be seen in rough sketches; Both Zhao Meng and Wang Meng use meticulous brushwork. Dense scenery, less space and depth, regular shape, angular and deformed. The brushwork is delicate, slightly rough, and childlike in mastery. The colors are green and heavy, with a faint crimson between them, and elegance is seen in freshness.
This meticulous landscape road is a true color painting, which has the characteristics of decoration, lyricism, childlike innocence and closeness to the people, and also lays the basic characteristics of the "five schools".
Li Yingzhen, a beginner in calligraphy, has learned from the masterpieces of the previous generation, and has his own accomplishments in seal cutting, official script, regular script, calligraphy and cursive script. Especially good at running script and small letters, warm and beautiful, rigorous statutes and vivid ideas. Although there is no vigorous momentum, it has the charm of Jin and Tang calligraphy and has its own certain style. Small letters are euphemistic and slow-paced, which complements his painting style and is known as "the first in Ming Dynasty".
Wen Zhiming's calligraphy is warm and graceful, steady and mature, rigorous in statutes and vivid in conception. Although there is no vigorous momentum, it has the charm of calligraphy in Jin and Tang Dynasties. His book style is less angry, and in his freehand brushwork, he often reveals a gentle and elegant atmosphere.
3. Tang Yin
brief introduction
Name: Tang Yin.
Alias: Wei Zi, No.6 Ruju, owner of Peach Blossom Temple, Tang Sheng of Lu State, and a Buddhist monk.
Date of birth and death: 1470-1523.
Dynasty: Ming dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Native place: Wuxian (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province).
Representative works: Riding a Donkey Homesick, Song of Mountain Road, Ming Dynasty, Prostitute of Wangshu Palace, Birthplace of Li Duanduan, Lotus on the Waterfront, Model of Autumn Wind, White Beauty Picture, Kikuchi _ Si, Peaks and Green on Both Sides of the Taiwan Strait, etc.
Art life
Tang Yin was cynical, brilliant and famous for his poems. He, Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming and Xu Zhenqing are also called "Four Great Talents in the South of the Yangtze River", and his painting name is even more famous. Together with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming and Chou Ying, he is also known as "Four Talents of Wu Men", also known as "Ming Sijia".
Tang Yin is good at landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. His landscape paintings were studied by Zhou Chen in his early years, and later by Li Tang and Liu Songnian, and were reformed. He painted mountains and rivers with a small axe, majestic and steep, but with fine brushwork, dense layout and elegant and handsome style. The landscape picture layout is rigorous, the landscape modeling is realistic and vivid, the mountain is abrupt and steep, the stubborn stone has outstanding personality, the brushwork is refined and the pen and ink are lubricated.
Tang Yin's figure painting reached its peak and became a bright pearl in his paintings. His figure painter inherited the tradition of the Tang Dynasty, with clear lines, gorgeous and elegant colors, beautiful posture and accurate modeling. He is also a freehand brushwork figure, and his pen is concise and interesting. The characters have vivid shapes, realistic expressions and diverse materials. There are both court ladies and folk geisha, and the paintings mostly show sympathy for inferior women and dissatisfaction with feudal ethics and pseudo-Taoism, which shows the diversity of Tang Yin's paintings.
Most of his paintings convey feelings with beautiful women's eyebrows and lips, which influenced the aesthetic mode of later women. His flower-and-bird paintings are freehand and elegant.
In addition to painting, Tang Yin is also engaged in calligraphy creation, taking the method of _, and his calligraphy style is peculiar and handsome. Tang Yin's early paintings include "Attacking Li Tang Far" and "Making Friends in China". Tang Yin painted the most landscape paintings and achieved the greatest success. His landscape paintings mostly show majestic and steep mountains and rivers, pavilions and small bridges, beautiful mountains and rivers all the time, and also describe pavilions, gardens and literati's leisurely life.
Landscape figure painting is magnificent, slightly beautiful and unique, with rich and diverse themes. Tang Yin's ink-and-wash flower-and-bird paintings are mainly ink-and-wash, while Mo Yun is lively and interesting. Its famous "Rain Bamboo Map" takes two groups of thick leaves as the main branches, followed by light leaves, and then echoes with several leaves, all of which are washed down and the rain hits bamboo leaves. Tang Yin's calligraphy, which originated from Zhao Meng, is rich and agile in style, elegant and agile, and almost hidden in the name of the painting. His masterpiece "Poems of Falling Flowers". Tang Yin is good at painting landscapes, figures, ladies, flowers and birds, especially famous for landscapes and ladies.
4. Chou Ying
brief introduction
Name: Chou Ying.
Alias: real father, No.10 continent.
Date of birth and death: about 1498 (about 1509)- 1552.
Dynasty: Ming dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Native place: Taicang, Jiangsu, and later moved to Wuxian.
Representative works: Chunxiao in Han Palace, Taoyuan Wonderland, Chibi, Fish Cave Wonderland, Taocun Caotang, Jiange, Songxi Painting, Taohuayuan, Wonderland Castle, Lianxi Tibetan Fishing, Tongyin Tsinghua Axis, etc.
Art life
Chou Ying is good at drawing figures, especially female officials. She is good at coloring, ink painting and line drawing, and can express different objects in a variety of brushwork, either round or beautiful. I occasionally make flowers and birds, which are also beautiful and beautiful. It is also called "Ming Sijia" with Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming and Tang Yin.
Chou Ying, born in humble background, is a folk painter, and also a painter who paints decorative paintings for house beams. Chou Ying sells paintings for a living. Because of his unique talent and deep understanding of philosophy, people, landscapes, animals and pavilions are all beautiful and exquisite. Especially good at figure painting, imitating ancient methods, the characters are natural, vivid and accurate. He is a master of meticulous painting in the Ming Dynasty, and enjoys an excellent reputation in the painting world.