Wang Mian (1310-1359), whose courtesy name was Yuanzhang and whose first name was Yuansu, was named Zhuishishanong. A native of Hao Shan, Changning Township, Zhuji, Zhejiang. He has many nicknames, including Zhuzhaisheng, Kuaiji Mountain Farmer, Kuaiji Foreign History, Plum Blossom House Owner, Mr. Jiuli, Jiangnan Ancient Guest, Jiangnan Savage, Shanyin Savage, Duckweed Xuanzi, Zhuguancaoren, Meisou, Fanniu Weng, stone cook, idle doctor, old dragon, old village, etc. In addition, he also gave his thatched cottage successively Shuinanxuan, Duckweedxuan, Zhuzhaixuan, Manmuqingshanxuan, Meizhuxuan, Gengduxuan, Xinyuanxuan, Zhuxixuan, Tingxuexuan, and Tingqiuxuan. etc. names. He was an outstanding poet and painter with patriotic ideas in the Yuan Dynasty.
Wang Mian lived in seclusion in Shuinan Village in Jiuli Mountain, Zhuji, a place with beautiful mountains and rivers. There are three families in Murakami ***, and they live hard all year round. A stream flows through like a belt, and tall and graceful mountains stand behind the house. The mountains are lush with bamboos and trees. The mountains and rivers complement each other, the scenery is beautiful, and the environment is quiet. Just as he said in his poem: "The green hills are faintly connected with the river, and the windows of the houses on the river are quiet." Here he "planted three acres of beans, twice as much millet, and thousands of plum trees. Peach and apricots occupy half of it, taro grows in one area, and there are hundreds of scallions and leeks each. The water is diverted into a pond, and more than a thousand fish are planted." (Volume 10 of "Zhiyuan Houji"). Wang Mian spent most of his life in such a poetic mountain village. The simple life and quiet landscape gave birth to his character of loving life and working people, giving his poetry and painting creations a strong flavor of life.
Wang Mian’s ancestors originally lived in Wangjing (west of Hangu Pass) in Guanxi. His tenth generation ancestor was Wang Deyuan, who served as the military governor of the Qingyuan Army in the Song Dynasty. Wang Deyuan had two sons, one was Wang Qi, who served as the observation envoy of Langzhou; the other was Wang Lin, who served as the commander. It has been eight generations since Wang Lin moved to Zhuji, and it has been passed down to Wang Mian for eight generations.
Wang Mian's distant ancestors undoubtedly came from a bureaucratic family, but it was passed down that Wang Mian's father had become a penniless farmer. Xu Xian's "Collected Biography of Barnyard History" records: "My father Linong was crowned the son of the Tian family." Wang Mian's "Collection of Bamboo Studio Poems" said: "Mr. Jiuli has two hairy temples. This year he is poorer than last year. There is no lint in his clothes." The wind is strong, the broken house is covered with flowers, and the rain is gone. Several acres of bean sprouts are dying in the summer, and a field of reeds is blooming in the autumn. I know each other without saying anything, and I smile at the white birds passing by during my lifetime." ("Jiuli Mountain") "I studied hard during the day and at night, but my neighbors despised me for being ignorant and stupid. I broke the rice bowl without millet and my wife was bored, so I even picked Huangjing for the morning meal." ("Guo Shan Jia") "The ancient guests from the south of the Yangtze River had no land, and they lost half a foot of broken inkstones. Rent money. Good mountains and good rivers are hard to come by, and the house in Tsuen is shrouded in smoke." ("Feelings")
From these poems, it can be seen that he participated in all kinds of labor and could not read or paint. It was his after-farm activity, and it was for living, selling paintings to earn a living and pay rent and taxes. His writing poems and paintings were naturally different from ordinary scholar-bureaucrats who sang about the wind and the moon, and entertained their sorrows. Because he "has no land to plow, no wind to herd," his life is getting worse year by year. There is no cotton wool to survive the winter, the leaks in the thatched house cannot be repaired, the crops cannot withstand the drought, the home is broken and there is no food, and his wife is hungry. , I had no choice but to pick wild vegetables to satisfy my hunger. Under this circumstance, they had to directly participate in manual labor, go to the fields with unkempt hair and bare feet, and plant bamboo, tea, mulberry, hemp and other grains to maintain their livelihood. Descriptions of this poor life can be found everywhere in relevant records. For example, there is a description in "Zhuzhai Poetry Collection": "I am poor, my sleeves are exposed, and I look back and have nothing in my bag." There is a record in "Iron Coral" that "This year is different from the previous one. My beard and hair are all white, I can't walk because of my foot disease, I can't run around, I can't flatter people, I can't be deceitful, I can't work in high-ranking positions, and I have to endure hunger all day long." . Despite this tragic experience, he would rather make a living by farming and selling paintings than begging for food from wealthy families, which fully demonstrates the perseverance and unyielding character of an artist.
Wang Mian was born in the 24th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1287) and died in the first month of the 19th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1359) at the age of seventy-three. Wu Rongguang's "Annals of Celebrities in the Past Dynasties" holds this view. Wu Pu also recorded that Wang Mian's birthday was July 22nd. One theory is that he was born in the first year of Yuan Zhiyuan (1335) and died in the fifth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1407) at the age of seventy-three.
The fallacy of these two theories is that the dates of birth and death of Wang Mian's son Shanqiao King Zhou were put under his father's name. This was discovered by a recent scholar, Jiang Kehan, and his opinion was published in the 1957 issue 2 of "Academic Forum". Let's take a look at Wang Zhou's behavior written by Lu Sheng: "Shanqiao was born on the 22nd day of the seventh month in the autumn of Yihai in the Yuan Dynasty, and died on the 13th day of the first month of Dinghai in the fifth year of Yongle, with a lifespan of seventy-three.
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Jiang said: "This is the basis for the dates of Wang Mian's birth and death quoted above, as well as Wang Mian's age of seventy-three, and the Wu Pu still uses the month and day contained in this text. . As for the reason for changing his date, it was because his death in the Yongle period was inconsistent with the general description, so he changed his death year to the 19th year of Zhizheng when the Ming army occupied Wuzhou, and then pushed it up to 73 years, and concluded that he was born in In the twenty-fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty. What's more, "this unfounded statement has been echoed by many people and quoted repeatedly. Some people even used it to write a commemorative paper in 1935 as the 600th anniversary of Wang Mian's birth." < /p>
Jiang believes that Wang Mian’s true birth and death dates should be: “Born in Gengxu (1310), the third year of the Yuan Dynasty, and died in the 19th year of the Zhizheng year (1359), at the age of fifty. It's generally not bad. Taking Wang Zhou's birth year forward by twenty-five years, that is, to the third year of his reign, Wang Mian gave birth to a son at the age of twenty-six. "This is Jiang's conclusion.
From Wang Mian's poem "Self-feeling", "This ambition is actually depressed, and the clothes are muddy. Judging from the words "Thirty years of hard work in autumn, as lazy as a silverfish" and other words, it is right to be born in the third year of Zhiyuan (1310).
The "Chronology of Major Events in Chinese and Foreign History" records: Since the first year of Zhiyuan (1335) Since the end of the imperial examination, it was not until the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty that the imperial examination was resumed to recruit scholars. In Wang Mian's poem "Wen of Friendship and Farewell to the Military", there is a sentence "Next year the plains will be green and the grass will be green, and the bows will be good at shooting deer with flowers in their heads", which refers to the Yuan Dynasty. In the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1340), the imperial examination system was restored. The grass on the plains was green, which meant that the deer was good at shooting. Excellent way. "Thirty Autumn" was written after the failure of the examination. In the fifth year of Zhiyuan (1339), Wang Mian was thirty years old, which was the third year of Zhiyuan (1339). 1310), which is consistent with what Jiang Kehan ??said.
According to legend, his parents, Wang Mian, loved him like the apple of his eye. He could speak when he was one year old, and he could answer questions freely when he was three years old. His cognitive ability is higher than that of ordinary children. He started school at the age of eight and his grades were excellent. His family was greatly surprised and he was regarded as a child prodigy. His guests also praised him as a "thousand-mile horse".
When Wang Mian was young, he was eager to learn. He was very energetic and very curious. One day, his father asked him to herd the cows. He put the cows on the grass and slipped into the private school to listen to the village children reading. When he came back in the evening, the cows were gone. His father beat him severely, but he did not give up. A few days later, he went to the temple and sat on the lap of the Bodhisattva, reading and reading under the lamp. The story of Wang Mian herding cattle may also be based on this incident. However, after checking the biographical information about him, Wang Mian did not herd cattle for other families, nor did Wu Jingzi write that Wang Mian lost his father when he was young. When he was ten years old, he was hired to herd cattle. After such processing, Wang Mian's image as a peasant artist became more prominent and his personality became more distinctive. Therefore, Wang Mian's story has been passed down to this day and is still popular.
According to legend. According to "The Scholars", Wang Mian seems to have had no masters in his knowledge and art. He was a self-taught person. In fact, there are two well-documented teachers: Wang Gen and Wang Liang. A native of Zhuji County, he was known for his good character, integrity, and his ability to study clearly and apply what he learned. "Zhizhai" is the abbreviation of "Zhizhai" built by Wang Gen after he returned to the forest. ", one of which is "Mourning for Mr. Zhi Zhai Wang". It uses sentences such as "How can I see Zizhi Mei?" "Si Hao" story; the next sentence further indicates that he studied under Wang Gen.
Another teacher was Anyang Hanxing. Quan Zuwang's "The Biography of Mr. Wang Mian who joined the army" says: "Wang Mian ... A son from a poor family secretly enjoyed reading. Han Xing in Anyang heard about it and made him his disciple, and he became a Confucian scholar. If his nature is poor, his disciples will regard him as his nature. "(Volume 64 of "Song and Yuan Academic Cases"). There are similar records in the biography of Wang Mian in "History of Ming Dynasty". Bao Lai raised doubts about this in the article "Research on Wang Mian's Deeds" published in "Ta Kung Pao" in December 1935. He said : "Is Wang Mian a student of Han Xing? If he was really a student of Han Xing, and after Han Xing's death, his classmates regarded him as Xing, this is certainly a major event worthy of a special mention in Wang Mian's short history. ...So I think this matter still needs to be doubted. "In fact, it can be believed that Han Xing was Wang Mian's teacher. Although there are no poems describing Han Xing in the "Collected Poems of the Bamboo Studio", the old manuscripts are appended with Han Xing's "The Story of the Bamboo Studio". In addition, Liu Jiangsun's "Yang Yang" Volume 21 of "Wuzhai Collection" also records the "Bamboo Zhai Ji" written by Han Xing for Wang Mian, which says: "Wang Yuanzhang of Jiyang named Zhai after bamboo, and I asked Yu to record it.
The Yu family arrived in Jiyang less than a hundred miles away but did not even reach the destination. I don’t know why I remember it..." Wang Mian then took out a picture he drew of a thatched hut covered with several bamboos and showed it to Han Xing. He also pointed to the picture and said: " This is the so-called reporter who lives in a bamboo house and seeks a son. Can I remember that? "Zi" is an honorific title for men in ancient times, and can also be called a teacher specifically. From the biographies of "History of the Ming Dynasty", Quanzu Wangwen and "Zhuzhai Ji", it can be determined that Han Xing was also Wang Mian's teacher.
In his youth, Wang Mian did not believe in gods and ghosts. Volume 12 of "Shu Yuan Miscellaneous Notes" by Lu Rong of the Ming Dynasty contains such a story: Wang Mian's home was close to a temple, and he was short of firewood for his stove, so he cut down the statues of gods to use as firewood. However, a neighbor next door was very religious and prudent. When Wang Mian destroyed the statue, he immediately carved wood to repair it. This happened three or four times. However, Wang Mian's family was safe all year round. The family who repaired the statue was safe. However, misfortunes never come singly. One day, the person who repaired the image summoned a witch to summon the gods and asked, "Wang Mian has repeatedly destroyed the gods, why don't the gods blame him, and every time I repair the gods, why don't the gods protect me?" This made the shaman very embarrassed. He had nothing to say for a moment, so he got angry and said, "If you don't set up a statue, how can he burn it?" "From then on, this man stopped having his portrait painted, and the temple was gradually destroyed, and it was later passed down as a joke.
In his early years, Wang Mian was not as leisurely and peaceful as most people thought, but he was once keen on fame and career. He once concentrated on studying Sun Wu's art of war, learning fencing, and had the ambition to clarify the world. He often compared himself to Yi Yin, Lu Shang, and Zhuge Liang, and wanted to do something earth-shattering. However, the Yuan-Meng aristocracy discriminated against Han intellectuals. The cruel reality taught him that this illusion was quickly shattered. After he took the Jinshi examination and failed, he was filled with anger and burned all his articles to express his determination to never pursue an official career. What he said in "Self-feeling": "When you grow up, you have a strong heart and a clear mind. Stone painting must be determined by itself and not limited by pedantry. I am willing to uphold my loyalty and righteousness, and serve you like Tang and Yu. I want the people of the world to be pure and clean. Sound poems and gold stones to show the reputation of parents. This ambition is actually depressed, and the clothes and clothes are muddy. I have been treading for thirty autumns, as extravagant as a silverfish. Returning to plowing, there is no inch of land; returning to grazing, there is no foot of cud. The restraint is reversed and the stems are scattered, and I sigh when I look at the clouds in the sky. ”
Later, he saved some money and went to Hangzhou for his first trip. After a few days of boating on the West Lake and visiting the historical sites, he enjoyed the scenery of Hangzhou in spring.
One day, he saw a Hui Hui man leading a Hua Donkey around Hangzhou, saying that the Hua Donkey could understand people's thoughts and understand the Hui language. At that time, there was a flood in the south of the Yangtze River and the people were starving. The son, on the other hand, was eating millet as before, corrupting officials, and throwing money at others. When Wang Mian saw this strange thing, he was so angry that he "didn't eat for ten days after returning home, and cried like rain." This was how he established the superior status of Semu people in the Yuan Dynasty.
While traveling in Hangzhou, he paid homage to the tomb of Lin Hejing, whom he admired. At that time, Yang Lianzhenjia, the Buddhist president of Jiangnan, excavated the tombs of emperors and empresses from the south, and the tomb of Lin Hejing in Gushan was also affected. There was nothing else in the tomb but a white jade hairpin. Wang Mian was deeply touched by this incident, so he wrote the poem "I didn't wear a gold belt when I was alive, but I have a white jade hairpin left behind" ("Xianju Lu").
Wang Mian also traveled to Nanjing, Jiujiangkou and Qililong, and visited Xiaoxiang, Dongting, Taihu, Lushan, Tiandu, Taihang, Qianyue, Menyun and other places. Once, he walked barefoot on a snowy day. On Qianyue Peak, I looked around and shouted: "The whole world is made of white jade, which makes people's hearts clear and clear, and they want to fly away like immortals! " (Volume 10 of "Zhiyuan Houji") He simply melted his whole body and mind into nature. He once said: "In the past, I wore Xie Gong's clogs, and when I was scattered, I searched for Xie Gong's relics. "I have traveled all over the Jiangnan Mountains for ten years because of my love for bamboo." "This shows that his travels are extensive and his footprints are far-reaching. During his travels, he "met strange talents and knights, talked about ancient heroes, drank wine, and sang generously and sadly" ("Jade Pot Ice"). From the friendship, I got to know many monks, such as Master Ming, Master Shangdao, Master Wutai, Master Yunwu, Master Shanyin, Master Og, Master Hui, Master Qin, etc., and talked about Zen with them, and used to use The verse "The law is lawless, and the law is lawless. When I give it to you now, how can law be law?"
Wang Mian once traveled to the north. " said that when he was twenty years old, he traveled to the north because Wei Su asked him for paintings, but he refused to entertain him, so Wei Su became angry. You don't seem to be twenty years old, and the reason for traveling north is not because of Wei Su, but has other great significance. According to Zhang Chen's "Biography of Wang Mian", Wang Mian "returned south to Zhengwuzi".
This grand tour began in Dinghai (1347), the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty (1347). Wang Mian was thirty-nine years old. He took a canal boat from Hangzhou Gutang to the north, passed Jiaxing, Songjiang, and Zhenjiang, and stayed in Nanjing. , returned to Zhenjiang, crossed the river to Yangzhou, passed through Xuzhou, Yanzhou, and Jezhou to Dadu (Beijing), and traveled between Juyongguan and Gubeikou to observe the dangerous points of the border fortress, and then went out of the Great Wall to Kaiping. One day, when he was in Nancheng, Dadu, he climbed up and looked far away, and suddenly felt relaxed and happy. However, he remembered that the beautiful mountains and rivers were under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, and he couldn't help but be filled with indignation and denounced the traitors who had lured wolves into the house and betrayed the interests of the nation. One of his "Reminiscences of the Ancient City in Nancheng" wrote: "When the sun rises from a tall building, I look at the vast wilderness. The western Shandong and the eastern sea are vast. The traces of Khitan are buried in the wild grass, and the Nuzhi fireworks are separated by short walls. The rituals and music can tell us about the new system. Who asks about the old feudal borders in the mountains and rivers? How generous are the scholars? Hate, hate to kill Shi Jingtang."
This journey of thousands of miles expanded his horizons and broadened his mind. His poems and paintings were even more extraordinary, and his patriotism became stronger.
When he was in Beijing, the great bureaucrat of the Yuan Dynasty, Mongol Taibuhua, loved Wang Mian's paintings very much. He often sent a few rough tamping boys to make loud noises at every turn, making Wang Mian restless. Later, he had no choice but to enter Tai Buhua's hotel and became a diner. Tai Buhua wanted to use him as an adviser, but he sternly refused. He smiled and said: "Don't be offended, Mr. Shangshu. You are too unintelligent. In a few years, this place will become a place where lonely rabbits roam! Why bother to be an official?" ("History of Ming Dynasty: Wenyuan Biography", "Exposed Book Pavilion Collection") Volume 64)
At this time, his reputation for painting was getting bigger and bigger, and landlords and bureaucrats rushed to the museum to beg him to paint plum blossoms, bamboos and rocks. , it's ready in a matter of minutes. (Xu Xian's "Collected Biography of Barnyard History")
Wei Su, a Hanlin scholar, was unknown to Wang Mian. Wei Su lived on Zhonglou Street, and Wang Mian knew about it. One day, Wei Su rode past Wang Mian. Wang Mian bowed and asked him to sit down, but without asking his name, he suddenly asked: "Is it you who lives on Bell Tower Street?" Wei Su said: "That's right." Wang Mian stopped talking to him. After Wei Su left, someone asked him who this person was. He smiled and said: "This person must be Wei Su. I have read his articles and it seems to be sly. Now looking at his behavior, it is true!" "(Zhu Yizun's "Biography of Wang Mian")
Later Wei Su came to the Ming Dynasty and was arrogant. He was demoted to Hezhou by the Ming Taizu and died in hatred. Legend has it that one time, when Zhu Yuanzhang was in the east side room, Wei Su walked by outside the curtain, and Taizu asked: "Who is it?" He replied: "Old Minister Wei Su." Taizu said displeased: "I I thought it was Wen Tianxiang! It's you!" So the next day, Wei Su was ordered to go to Yuque Temple to burn incense and deliberately humiliate him. From this point of view, Wang Mian was quite foresighted.
Wei Su was from Jinxi, Jiangxi Province. In "The Scholars", Wu Jingzi deliberately changed Wei Su to a fellow villager of Wang Mian and wrote about how the county officials and gentry fawned over Wei Su when he returned to his hometown. He, but he wanted to meet Wang Mian but couldn't. Nawei has always been used as a foil to Wang Mian. On the one hand, it shows Wang Mian's noble personality, and on the other hand, it expresses the author's contempt for those groveling characters.
In the north, after Wang Mian saw those arrogant rulers, his inner anger became even more uncontrollable, so he wrote a poem to express his frustration: "The sound of the eagle and the Qiang Lang is like thunder, and the eyes of a child on horseback are like lightning. He is always ignorant and stupid, and he wields his bow and arrows in vain. What does the old scholar think of? 》)
After he returned to Dadu from Saibei, his thoughts and feelings of loving the nation and the motherland were more clearly revealed. One day, he painted a picture of plum blossoms, pasted it on the wall, and wrote a poem. Said: "The ice flowers are all like jade, and the Qiang flute cannot blow them down." ("Short Biography of the Poetry Collection of Dynasties") expressed that he was unwilling to paint for foreign rulers, and ruthlessly satirized the powerful, making those who saw it shrink in shock. He dared to speak, thus touching the scars of the rulers, and they wanted to arrest him. In the eighth year of Zhizheng (1348), he secretly fled back to the south ("History of Silent Poetry", Zhang Chen's "Biography of Wang Mian").
On the way back south, the Yellow River burst its banks again, and the rural houses in the counties and counties along the river were submerged. But the government didn't care, and the people had no choice but to flee in all directions, which was so desolate. Seeing this scene, Wang Mian naturally felt miserable in his heart, so he said to his friend Zhang Chen: "The Yellow River flows north, and the world will be in chaos from now on. I have no choice but to return south to fulfill my ambition." (Zhu Yizun's "Biography of Wang Mian", "Zhuji County Chronicle")
At this time, he heard that his friend Lu Sheng from Hangzhou died in Luanyang (northwest of Qian'an County, Hebei Province), leaving two young girls and a boy without anyone to care for him, so he went to Luanyang , buried Lu Sheng, brought back two daughters and one son, and kept him at home.
Song Lian's "Biography of Wang Mian" said that there were family children who raised him, but it was actually these people.
While passing by the Huaihe River, I expressed my thoughts again, thinking that my aloof and upright mind was contrary to the cruel reality. In his poem "Return to the South", he wrote: "I left the south last year and returned from the north this year. The wine in the Huaihe River is cheap, and the water is white and the fish is fat. I speak with others uprightly, and I am aloof and contrary to the world. I pity Qiao Guozi the most. , Being down means talking about military opportunities."
This trip made him see through the snobbery of human nature more clearly. Knowing that his fame has become the flower in the mirror and the moon in the water, he changed his path and imitated Zhuge Liang's life of farming and seclusion in Nanyang. He lived in seclusion in Shuinan Village in Jiuli Mountain. He called himself "Old Dragon" and named his thatched cottage "Gengduxuan". ". During the day, he participated in physical labor, planting rice, beams, mulberry and hemp, and painted at night, living a half-starved life of "being indifferent to clarify his ambitions".
After Wang Mian became a mountain farmer, his life became increasingly difficult. The villagers despised him, which made him feel miserable. What made him even more intolerable was that he could not provide for his parents. In his poem "Self-feelings", he said: "The world despises me for being insignificant, so it always despises me for being stupid. It depends on the kindness of my parents, and I lean on the door and lean on the house again. My heart is miserable and sad, and my feelings are painful and gloomy. Snakes and snakes compete with each other in the mountains and forests, The road is noisy and the sun is setting in the desolate forest. I am ashamed to see the crows feed the crows. What should I do with my life?"
Unfortunately, his father passed away due to poverty and illness. Despite his grief, he still lived his life. A life of "love one's self but be ashamed of one's wife and children". He sent his mother to the city of Shaoxing to recuperate. His friend Li Xiaoguang, a writer, wanted to recommend him as a government official. Wang Mian said: "I have fields to cultivate and books to read. How can I be willing to send official documents to serve as someone else's servant?" ("Zhuji County Chronicle") Once again refused to serve the ruling class. He developed a humorous and unrestrained character. His mother wanted to return to her hometown. He saw the painting of Qu Yuan's clothes in "Pictures of Songs of Chu", so he made a very tall hat and a very wide dress, bought an ox cart, took his mother on it, and wore it. He wore a tall hat, wore a wide coat, held a whip, hung a wooden sword, and sang folk songs as he walked through the village, making a group of children laugh with him, and he smiled at them indifferently (Song Lian's "The Biography of Wang Mian").
His teacher and fellow countryman Wang Gen highly praised his conduct. Wang Gen once visited his mother in person, and later Wang Gen served as a school inspector in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Wang Mian once went to visit Wang Gen wearing tattered clothes and worn-out shoes. When Wang Gen saw this, he immediately washed his clothes, gave him shoes, and persuaded him to become an official. Wang Mian laughed without answering, put down his shoes and left. (Zhu Yizun's "Biography of Wang Mian").
A few years later, his mother also passed away. He was extremely sad and lived a filial life for three years.
Song Lianyun said: "After Mian returned to Yue, he repeated that the world would be in chaos and that there was nothing happening in the sea at that time, so he might denounce it as nonsense. Mian said: 'I am not the one who is fooling, so who should be fooled!' He took his wife with him. I live in Jiuli Mountain. I plant three acres of beans and twice as much millet. There are thousands of plum trees and half of them have peaches and apricots. I have one area of ??taro and hundreds of leeks. I use the water to make a pond and plant more than a thousand fish in three huts. Titled "Plum Blossom House""
In a few words, we can see Wang Mian's daily remarks and people's attitude towards him at that time. In Wang Mian's poems, he often criticized the bad politics of the Yuan Dynasty. After returning from the northern tour, he openly preached that the world would be in chaos. In the eyes of the imperial court, he would definitely be considered a deceiver and his existence would not be allowed. So after he returned home, he wanted to live in seclusion in Jiuli Mountain, which is obviously related to this kind of words.
"Go to the city and hang for nine miles, sandwiching the land between two streams. No visitors have come for many years, and there are apes crowing all day long. Although the black kites are jealous, the elk are close to each other." It can also be seen from these lines of poetry. , he avoided the mountains because of the taboos of the world.
In the nineteenth year of Zhizheng (1359), there was turmoil in the southeast. Zhu Yuanzhang raised his troops to defeat Fang Guozhen in Zhejiang Province, sent Hu Dahai to attack Shaoxing, and stationed troops in Jiuli Mountain. The villagers ran away, but Wang Mian did not move. He was ill in bed. He said, "I am Wang Yuanzhang." The soldiers took him to Tianzhang Temple Hu Dahai. At that time, Hu Dahai asked Wang Mian to sit down and ask him for advice on strategy. Wang Mian said: "The general is wise and far-sighted, and there is no need for the villagers to say more. If you conquer people with benevolence and righteousness, who will not be convinced? If you conquer others with military force, who will not?" Are you convinced? Shaoxing is a place of justice. If you ask me to teach you to kill my father, brother and children, you will never be able to do it. If you can listen to me, I hope you can change your ways immediately. If you can't, please kill me immediately." He had nothing to say, so he had to accept it again and ask Wang Mian not to speak. Wang Mian fell ill the next day and died a few days later. Hu Dahai prepared a funeral and was buried beside the Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin. The tombstone was inscribed with the words "Mr. Wang's Tomb" (Zhang Chen's "Biography of Wang Mian").
As to whether Wang Mian did Zhu Yuanzhang’s suggestion to join the army in his later years and planned the capture of Shaoxing for the Ming army, Zhang Chen, Song Lian, Zhu Yizun, Xu Xian, and Quan Zuwang who wrote Wang Mian’s biographies As well as modern and contemporary scholars, there have always been different opinions. Song Lian's "Biography of Wang Mian": "The emperor took Wuzhou, attacked Yue, scouted for a crown, set up a shogunate, and offered advice to join the army. One night, he died of illness." ("History of Ming Dynasty·Wenyuan Biography") Participated in the compilation of "History of Ming Dynasty" "The Biography of Wang Mian" written by Zhu Yizun in "Wang Mian" denies this theory, saying: "Since the news of Song Wenxian (i.e. Song Lian), everyone in the world has regarded 'joining the army', how could Mian ever join the army for a day!" At the same time as Wang Mian! The "Biography of Wang Mian" written by Zhang Chen, a fellow countryman and friend, records Wang Mian's deeds in the most detailed way, but does not mention a word about "joining the army". The recent scholar Bao Lai's "Research on Wang Mian's Deeds" believes: "(Ming Dynasty general) Hu Dahai met Wang Mian when he attacked Zhuji in the first month of the 19th year of Zhizheng. At that time, he reported the matter to the central government, and the central government granted him a consultation He discussed joining the army. Unfortunately, Wang Mian was already dead before the official document from the central government reached Zhuji. For this reason, Song Lian called him "joining the army." This was mostly speculation. In comparison, Zhang Chen's "The Biography of Wang Mian" should be considered the most credible. Therefore, Volume 27 of "Zhuji County Chronicles" says: "Zhang Chen and Wang Mian were from the same hometown at the same time and were friends. Of course, it is more accurate than what Song and Zhu saw and heard. It should be based on Zhang Chen's biography. Mian was carried away by the Mingshi, and since He died a few days after arriving at Tiantong Temple in Shanyin from Jiuli Mountain. Not only did he not participate in the military for a day, but he never saw Ming Taizu. He had no time to plan for Shaoxing! Mian's residence was Jiuli in Zhuji, not Jiuli in Shanyin. The division lived at the foot of the mountain, and there are still traces of the camp where the troops are stationed. According to "Shanshui Zhi", the place is beyond the mountain, which is Shanyin, and is far away from Lanting. At that time, the Mingshi carried him from Jiuli to Tiantong Temple. He died that day, and he had not gone outside Shanyin City, so why did he have time to go as far as Wuzhou? Zhu Zha (Zhu Yizun's nickname) knew the error in the Song Dynasty and wrote the biography above. "Wu Jingzi pointed out in "The Scholars": "What did Wang Mian do? Official in one day?" That's exactly the truth.