4. Impact on traditional science and technology. China's traditional scientific paradigm has always pursued the inner Tao of things, and in the pursuit of Tao, it has taken Tao as the core, the relationship between heaven, earth and man as the main line, nature as the principle, Tao, vitality, yin and yang, existence and non-existence, and self-change. It is an organic scientific ideological system with basic concepts. This scientific ideological system is completely different from the Western mechanical scientific ideological system centered on logical analysis, but it has many similarities with modern self-organization theory and complex scientific systems. It still has great reference value on how to understand nature and how to prevent the harm of science and technology to human beings. In the formation process of this organic scientific ideological system, the influence of Taoism is the most prominent. Taoism not only strictly distinguishes between ordinary knowledge The difference from technical knowledge also influenced the technological development of later generations of China through ideas such as "Tao advances to technology", "conforming to nature", "controlling technology with Tao", and "understanding thinking". It also influenced the technological development of later generations in China through Jixia Taoism and Lu School. Taoist and Taoist "scientific unity" such as the Huainan School, Taoist organizations, etc. have made outstanding contributions to ancient Chinese science and technology. Therefore, the British scholar Joseph Needham believes that "Taoism is the foundation of Chinese science and technology. "The development of Taoist thought and this organic scientific thought system, on the one hand, inhibited the development of mechanical scientific thought with logical analysis as the core contained in the famous Mohist thought, making the level of scientific theory in ancient China far inferior to that of ancient Greece, and making China It has done nothing in the development of modern science; on the other hand, it has made China a unique technological power and technological power in the world. Dujiangyan, the Great Wall, Suzhou gardens, silk, porcelain, bellows and even drilling, etc., still have their style and tell people about China. The brilliance of ancient technology.
5. The influence of Taoism on literature and art, especially the influence of Taoism and Lao-Zhuang school on Chinese literature and art, surpasses that of other schools of thought, as well as Confucianism and Buddhism. This influence is so great that it is still not out of date. Many modern literary and artistic masters, such as Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Hu Shi, Zhou Zuoren, Lin Yutang, Fei Ming, Shi Zhecun, Shen Congwen, Wang Zengqi, Fan Zeng, Acheng, Han Shaogong, Yan Lianke , Gao Xingjian, etc., have all been deeply influenced by Taoism, and their works also have strong Taoist implications, so much so that some people regard Gao Xingjian's winning of the Nobel Prize for Literature as "Zhuangzi's triumph." Taken together, Taoism has had a profound impact on Chinese literature and art. The influence is mainly reflected in three aspects. In terms of aesthetics, Taoism advocates that Tao follows nature, so the pursuit of natural beauty has become the highest state of Chinese literature and art, which is "hibiscus emerges from clear water and is carved by nature"; Reflected in the art of painting, it is the simple and subtle style of ink painting that combines form and spirit; reflected in the art of architecture, it is the artistic conception of private gardens that "although they are made by people, they seem to open from the sky"; reflected in the art of music, it is the "clear and elegant" nature of the guqin The quality of music. At the same time, Taoism advocates inaction and forgetting words when you are proud, so it also forms the aesthetic pursuit of the coexistence of reality and reality in literature and art.
For example, the pavilions and pavilions of the building: "The infinite realms of mountains and rivers are all gathered in one pavilion", "Only in this pavilion there is nothing, you can sit and watch all the scenery and enjoy the whole sky" are all full of the beauty of virtuality and reality; in the poem, the quatrain "Everywhere without words is everywhere." "meaning", pursuing the beauty of a blank space where words are exhausted and meaning is endless; Chinese paintings are also mostly on an empty background, "using a brush to imitate the body of Taixu", and "everywhere without painting becomes a wonderful scene"; In calligraphy, we also pay attention to "the latent half of the abdomen" and "the pen is not thorough but the intention is thorough". At the same time, because Taoist thought is closely related to the prosperous age, it helps to increase the heroic spirit of literature and art. In the declining age, Taoist thought is the spiritual support for literati to treat trauma, so it creates a broad-minded and unrestrained artistic style of literature and art. In addition, Taoism advocates that superiority and inferiority follow each other and rely on each other, which greatly affects the structure of Chinese literature and art. For example, the regular script "writes against the trend": "If you want to go with it, you must go against it; if you want to leave it behind, you must rise up." Chinese architecture, especially gardens, always pursues a desire to express, suppress first, and desire to be straight. As for the song, it has the effect of repeated twists and turns before it is released, and the story progression of novels and operas is often like this: first from combination to division, then through countless twists and turns, and finally from division to union, ending with a happy ending.
6. Other impacts. Taoism also has a huge influence on traditional Chinese medicine, traditional health science, Chinese martial arts, tea ceremony, etc. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "medicine and Taoism are connected". This influence can be traced back to Huang Lao's Taoist classic - "The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic", which is one of the four classic works of traditional Chinese medicine. Later Chinese medicine and health care absorbed the "Book of Changes" on the basis of pre-Qin Taoist thoughts. 》 and many Taoist thoughts, based on the principles of regulating yin and yang, harmonizing qi and blood, and protecting the spirit, looking, hearing, asking, and feeling as diagnostic methods, and using the methods of regulating the mind, guiding the breath, regulating the four seasons, Feng Shui environment, Taoist music, calligraphy and painting, tea cultivation, There are many methods such as dietary nourishment, medicinal nourishment, abstinence, inedia, and gastronomy. It is used to reconcile yin and yang, dredge qi and blood, nourish essence and qi, exercise muscles and bones, nourish the internal organs, and condition the skin. To achieve the goal of physical and mental harmony and health. As for Chinese martial arts, they were also deeply influenced by Taoism in the process of formation. Bruce Lee, the international kung fu master, once discussed the close relationship between Taoist ideas and Chinese martial arts in his graduation thesis. Specifically, the influence of Taoist thought on Chinese martial arts is mainly reflected in the two aspects of "epistemology" and "methodology". In terms of epistemology, martial arts draws on the "Tao Theory", "Qi Theory" and "Qi Theory" of Taoist philosophy on the origin of the universe. To explain the essence of martial arts from the perspective of "the unity of nature and man". In terms of methodology, martial arts has absorbed Taoist ideas such as "the extremes of things must be reversed", "stopping with stillness", "conquering hardness with softness", "strike later", and "learning from nature" as the guiding principles of martial arts fighting thoughts, and pursues a "with the help of the impossible" For the sake of law, the realm of considering the infinite as the finite” (Bruce Lee’s words). The most representative of these is Tai Chi, which combines hardness and softness, corresponds to virtual and real conditions, is suitable for movement and stillness, has moderate opening and closing, and is flexible and smooth. It can be said that it is highly consistent with Taoist thought.