Su Shi
〖Character Profile〗
Su Shi (1037-1101), also named Zizhan, also named Hezhong, and also known as "Dongpo Jushi". A native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan) in the Northern Song Dynasty, he was a famous writer, calligrapher and painter in the Song Dynasty (Northern Song Dynasty). He, his father Su Xun, and his younger brother Su Zhe are both famous for their literature, and they are known as the "Three Sus" in the world; they are as famous as the "Three Cao Fathers and Sons" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, and Cao Zhi) in the late Han Dynasty. Su Shi, Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty and Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Che, Wang Anshi and Zeng Gong of the Song Dynasty are collectively known as the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". Together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, they are known as the calligraphers who best represent the achievements of calligraphy in the Song Dynasty, and are collectively known as the "Four Calligraphers of the Song Dynasty". The four disciples of the Su family are: Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian, Chao Buzhi, and Zhang Lei.
His father Su Xun is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in the "Three Character Classic" who "begins to get angry at the age of twenty-seven". Although Su Xun got angry late, he worked very hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled studying with his father when he was young, and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's diligent study, it would have been impossible for Su Shi to receive a good tutor at a young age, and it would have been even less possible for Su Shi to have "learned the classics and history well enough to write thousands of words a day" when he was still young. Everyone.
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was twenty-one years old, left Sichuan for the first time in Beijing to take part in the imperial examination. In the following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites and won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with his article "On the Perfection of Honesty and Honesty in Punishments and Rewards", and was awarded a high school Jinshi.
In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign, Su Shi took the high school examination, which is commonly known as the "three-year Beijing inspection". He entered the third class and was awarded the title of judge of Dali and the judge of Fengxiang Prefecture. Later, when his father died of illness in Bianjing, Ding You returned home to support the funeral. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the court after serving, and was still granted his post.
Su Shi has not been in the capital for several years, and great changes have taken place in the court. After Shenzong ascended the throne, he appointed Wang Anshi to support the reform. Many of Su Shi's mentors, including Ouyang Xiu, his mentor who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing due to disagreements with the new king Anshi on the implementation of the new law. The old rain in the government and the field has withered, and what Su Shi sees in his eyes is no longer the "peaceful world" he saw when he was twenty.
Su Shi saw the harm caused by the new law to ordinary people on his way back to Beijing, so he disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi's approach. He believed that the new law was not convenient for the people, so he wrote a letter to oppose it. One result of this was that, like his mentors and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not tolerated by the court. So Su Shi asked for a post and was transferred to Hangzhou Tongpan.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term was completed, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places as magistrate.
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi encountered the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss about it. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), less than three months after Su Shi arrived in Huzhou, he was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems that satirized the new law and "slandered the emperor and prime minister in writing". This is known as the "Wutai Poetry Case" in history.
Su Shi spent 103 days in jail and was almost on the verge of being beheaded. Fortunately, the Northern Song Dynasty made a national policy not to kill ministers during the reign of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, so Su Shi escaped the disaster.
After being released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian (equivalent to the deputy captain of the modern civil self-defense forces). This position was quite humble. At this time, Su Shi had become discouraged after going to prison. In his spare time, he led his family to reclaim wasteland and farm to help make ends meet. It was at this time that he gave himself the nickname "Dongpo Lay Scholar".
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou to take office. Due to the long journey and exhaustion from the journey, Su Shi's infant died unfortunately. The road to Ruzhou was far away, and the travel expenses had been exhausted. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, but to live in Changzhou first, which was later approved. When he was about to return south to Changzhou, Shenzong died.
Zhezong ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Gao took over the government, the New Party forces collapsed, and Sima Guang was re-elected as prime minister. Su Shi was summoned back to the court that year as a doctor in the Ministry of Rites. In the first half of the morning, he was promoted to Jusheren. Three months later, he was promoted to Shusheren, and soon he was promoted to Hanlin bachelor.
As the saying goes: "It is not easy to be a Beijing official.
"When Su Shi saw that the emerging forces were desperately suppressing the figures in Wang Anshi's group and abolishing the new law, he believed that they were just the same as the so-called "royal party" and once again made suggestions to the emperor.
Su Shi could not tolerate this. Because of the new party, he could not forgive the old party, so he once again asked for external transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou to serve as the governor after an absence of 16 years. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou and dredged the West Lake. , used the excavated mud to build a dam next to the West Lake, which is also known as the "Su Embankment".
Su Shi lived very comfortably in Hangzhou, compared with Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. , he was recalled to the court, but soon he was exiled to Yingzhou due to political disagreements. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), the new party came to power again. He was demoted to Huizhou and then to Dan on the charge of "ridiculing the previous dynasty". In the third year of Yuanfu (1101), he was granted amnesty and returned to the north. On the way, he died in Changzhou, posthumously named Wenzhong at the age of sixty-six.
〖Su Shi's literary and artistic achievements〗
Su Shi's literary views are in the same vein as Ouyang Xiu, but he emphasizes more on literature. Originality, expressiveness and artistic value. His literary thought emphasizes "writing with purpose", advocating nature, getting rid of constraints, "creating new ideas in the law, and expressing wonderful ideas in boldness". He believes that compositions should achieve " Like clouds and flowing water, there is no definite quality at first, but it always goes where it should be done, and always stops where it cannot stop. The artistic realm of "natural literature and science, full of gestures" ("A Letter of Thanks to the Civil Master"). Su Shi's prose writings are grand and rich, and he is also known as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The writing style is simple and smooth, bold and unrestrained. Shi Dehong's "Postscript Dongpo (left)" "忄youyun) Chi Lu" said: "The writing is as smooth as the quality of water, spreading vastly, and its waves will naturally form writing." "Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu are both called "Ou Su" and are one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Shi was the leader in the literary world of the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu. He enjoyed a huge reputation among the writers at that time. There were many people who made friends with him or accepted his guidance. Huang, Qin, Chao and Zhang were all trained, rewarded and recommended by him, so they were called the Four Scholars of Su Shi. There are about 4,000 poems in existence. The poems are broad in content and diverse in style. They are mainly bold and unrestrained. Their writing is vigorous and varied, and they have a romantic color. They opened up a new path for the development of Song poetry. Xie Zhou's "Original Poems" said: "Su Shi's poems have opened up a realm that has never been seen before in ancient and modern times. All creatures in the world, laughing and cursing, are inspired by his writing. "Zhao Yi's "Oubei Poetry Talk" said: "The use of text as poetry began in Changli, and when it came to Dongpo, it became more and more popular. It was unique and became a great view of the generation. ...especially those who are unreachable. They are born with a strong pen, as refreshing as a mourning pear, can be cut quickly and have hidden feelings that must be reached, and no difficult feelings to show. This is why they are the successors of Li and Du, but they are not as good as Li. , Du Chu is also here. ”
There are more than 340 Ci poems written by Su Shi in existence. They break through the narrow themes of love and separation between men and women and have broad social content. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of Chinese Ci. He will The spirit of the poetry innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty expanded to the field of Ci, swept away the traditional Ci style since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and created the Bold Ci School that stood side by side with the Graceful School, expanded the subject matter of Ci, enriched the artistic conception of Ci, and broke through the The boundaries of Shizhuang Ci Mei have made significant contributions to the innovation and development of Ci. His famous works include "Nian Nujiao", "Shui Diao Ge Tou", etc., and he is the pioneer of the bold Ci style. Together with Xin Qiji, he is also known as "Su Xin". "Xin Jiaxuan's Preface to Ci" says: "When the poem reaches Dongpo, it is upright and upright, like poetry, like prose, like the wonders of heaven and earth. ”
Su Shi is also good at running and regular script. Together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, he is known as the "Four Masters of the Song Dynasty". He studied famous masters of the Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and benefited from Wang Sengqian and Li Yong. , Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing, and Yang Ningshi, all of them became a family of their own. He said: "I can't create my own books"; he also said: "I come up with new ideas and do not follow the ancients." " Huang Tingjian said of him: "I was very good at using the pen in my early years, but I was not as good as the elder who gradually became more natural." He also said: "After arriving in Huangzhou, he was very powerful in using the pen. "In his later years, he had the influence of overseas turbulence, and he was outstanding in knowledge, mind, and knowledge. He also experienced many ups and downs in his life. His calligraphy style is full of ups and downs, innocent and vast. You can imagine him as a person just by looking at his calligraphy.
At that time, his brothers and nephews You, Mai, and Guo, and his friends Wang Dingguo and Zhao Lingju all learned from him; later historical celebrities such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan, and Zhang Zhidong in the Qing Dynasty also learned from him. They all learned from him, which shows his great influence. Huang Tingjian said in "Valley Collection": "Those who are good at calligraphy in this dynasty should naturally recommend (Su) as the first."
Su Shi painted ink and bamboo, and studied under Wen Tong (that is, Wen and Ke ), which is simpler and more powerful than the text, and has the potential to dance. Mi Fu said that he "made black bamboo from the ground to the top." I asked: Why not divide it section by section? He said: When the bamboo is growing, how can it grow section by section? The stems and curves are unprovoked; the stones are hard and cracked, and they are also strange and unprovoked, just like the depression in his chest." It can be seen that his paintings are very strange and far-reaching. He has outstanding views on both calligraphy and painting, and his influence on painting is even more profound. For example, we attach great importance to spiritual resemblance, advocate that there is emotion outside the painting, and the painting should have sustenance, oppose the similarity of form, and oppose the constraints of formula, advocate "the original uniformity of poetry and painting, natural craftsmanship and freshness", and clearly put forward the concept of "scholar painting", etc., which will be followed by " The development of "literati painting" has laid a theoretical foundation. Existing writings include "Poems about Cold Food in Huangzhou", "Ode to Chibi", "Essays in Appreciation to Civil Teachers" and "Jidaowen in Honor of Huangzhou", etc. Existing paintings include the "Scroll of Ancient Trees and Strange Rocks"; the "Scroll of Bamboo and Stone of Xiaoxiang" discovered in recent years is also his work.
Su Shi's achievements in poetry, prose, ci, calligraphy, painting, etc. were at the pinnacle of the Song Dynasty when there were so many talented people. He is a rare literary and artistic genius in Chinese history.
〖Chronology of Su Shi’s Life〗
The first year of Tiansheng’s reign of Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty - the eighth year of Jiayou (1023-1064)
Su Shi was born in 1036
1054 Marry Wang Fu
1057 Become a Jinshi; mother is mourned; perform filial piety (1057.4-1059.6)
1059 The whole family goes to Kyoto
1061 Ren Judge Fengxiang
The first year of Emperor Yingzong's reign - the fourth year (1064-1068)
1064 Served in the History Museum
1065 Wife died
1066 Father's funeral; filial piety (1066.4-2068.7)
The first year of Shenzong Xining - the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1068-1086)
1068 Marry Wang Runzhi
1069 Returned to Beijing; served as History Museum
1071 Appointed as Supervisor of Prosecutions; Appointed as Magistrate of Hangzhou
1074 Appointed as Prefect of Mizhou
1076 Appointed as Prefect of Xuzhou
1079 Served as the prefect of Huzhou; went to jail
1080 Relegated to Huangzhou
1084 Changzhou
1085 went to Dengzhou; served as the prefect of Dengzhou; went to Kyoto; served as Zhong Shusheren
Zhezong (1086-1100), the Queen Mother was in power during the Yuanyou period (1085-1093)
1086 Use the knowledge of Hanlin scholars to make imperial edicts
1089 Ren Hangzhou Grand Administrator and Commander of the Western Zhejiang Military Region
1091 Served as the Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs; went to Kyoto; served as the Grand Administrator of Yingzhou
1092 Served as the Grand Administrator of Yangzhou; Minister of the Ministry of War; Minister of the Ministry of Rites
1093 Wife Mourning; the death of the Queen Mother; the governor of Dingzhou; the commander of the Hebei Military Region
1094 went to Huizhou and was demoted; relegated to Huizhou
1097 went to Hainan; relegated to Danzhou, Hainan
Huizong (1101-1126) and the Queen Mother came to power (1100)
1101 Returned to the north; Changzhou; died
1126 Death of the Northern Song Dynasty
〖Su Shi's three wives〗
Su Shi's married wife was named Wang Fu, who was from Qingshen, Meizhou, Sichuan. She was young and beautiful, knowledgeable and courteous, and married Su Shi at the age of 16. She can be called Su Shi's right-hand assistant, and she has the story of "listening to what is said behind the scenes". Su Shi was a broad-minded person and relatively negligent in his dealings with others, so Wang Fu listened quietly behind the screen and informed Su Shi of his suggestions. Wang Fu and Su Shi lived for eleven years and then died of illness.
Su Shi followed his father Su Xun's words and "buried her next to your mother's tomb" and personally planted 30,000 pine trees on the hilltop where Wang Fu was buried to express his condolences. Another ten years later, Su Shi wrote "Jiangchengzi·Remembering Dreams" for Wang Fu, which is known as the best mourning poem in history: "Life and death are uncertain in ten years." If you don’t think about it, you will never forget it. Thousands of miles of lonely tomb, nowhere to say desolation. Even if we meet each other, we should not know each other, our faces are covered with dust and our temples are like frost. At night, the dream returns home suddenly. Xiaoxuan window, dressing up. They looked at each other without words, only a thousand lines of tears. It is expected that the place where the heart is broken every year, on a bright moonlit night, there will be short pine hills.
Su Shi's second wife was Wang Runzhi, Wang Fu's cousin, and she married Su Shi in the third year after Wang Fu's death. She is eleven years younger than Su Shi. She has admired Su Shi since she was a child. She is gentle by nature and relies on Su Shi everywhere. Wang Runzhi accompanied Su Shi through the most important 25 years of his life. He experienced the Wutai Poetry Case and was demoted to Huangzhou. He shared the ups and downs of Su Shi's career with him. Twenty-five years later, Wang Runzhi also died before Su Shi. Su Shi suffered from a broken liver and intestines, and wrote a memorial: "I said home, and walked back to Qiuyuan. There were many people who abandoned me first. Who welcomed me at my door, and who gave me fields? What can I do now? My eyes are dry with tears. Traveling to the funeral I am so kind to my country. I only have the same acupuncture point, so I am so sorry!" A hundred days after his wife's death, he asked his friend, the great painter Li Longmian, to draw ten portraits of Arhats, and then asked the monks to chant sutras for her. When he was reborn in the Paradise, he dedicated these ten Buddha statues that could be handed down to the world to his wife's deceased soul. After Su Shi's death, Su Che buried him and Wang Runzhi together, fulfilling the wish of "only the same acupoint" in the memorial text.
Su Shi's third wife was Wang Chaoyun, who was his concubine and was twenty-six years younger than Su Shi. When Su Shi was in the most difficult situation, Wang Chaoyun was always by his side. Wang Chaoyun was Su Shi's confidante. Su Shi wrote the most poems to Wang Chaoyun, calling her the "Goddess Vimalakirti". But unfortunately, Chaoyun died of illness before Su Shi eleven years after he was restored to health. After Chaoyun's death, Su Shi remained a widower and never married again. In accordance with Chaoyun's last wish, Su Shi buried his late wife in the pine forest under the Great Sacred Pagoda of Qi Zen Temple at the south foot of Gushan Mountain in West Lake, Huizhou, and built a Liuru Pavilion beside the tomb to commemorate her. The couplet he wrote was "Untimely, only Chaoyun can Know me; I play ancient tunes alone, and I miss you even more every time it rains." There is a famous allusion in this couplet: "Dongpo retired from the court one day and finished eating. He felt his belly and walked slowly. Gu said to the waiter: "What do you think of this?" A maid suddenly said: "It's all articles. ', Poe didn't think so. Another person said: 'A belly full of knowledge. ’ Poe laughed heartily. "The Chaoyun Tomb has now become a scenic spot in Hainan.
〖Su Shi's four sons〗
Wang Fu gave birth to the eldest son Su Mai for Su Shi, and Wang Runzhi gave birth to the second son for Su Shi Su Ji and his third son Su Guo. These three sons were all raised by Wang Run. In the autumn of 1083 AD, Chaoyun gave birth to his fourth son Su Dun, but he died soon after.
〖Su Shi. Poetry of Death〗
The heart is like a gray tree, and the body is like an untied boat.
I heard about your achievements in life, Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou.
The poem was written two months before his death, and was an impromptu work after seeing the portrait of him by Li Gonglin.
〖Anecdotes of Su Shi〗
1. Su Shi "deceived." "Master
Su Shi was admitted to Jinshi and wrote a great essay in the Spring and Autumn Period called "On the Perfection of Honesty in Punishments and Rewards", in which there are passages as follows:
In the time of Yao, Gao Tao was When a scholar was about to kill someone, Gao Tao said, "Kill three times," and Yao said, "Excuse me three times." Therefore, the world was afraid of Gao Tao's firmness in enforcing the law, but liked Yao's lenient punishment. "Gun ordered the tribe to be ordered", and then he said "try it". How could Yao not listen to Gao Tao's murder, but use Gun from the four mountains? However, the meaning of the sage can also be seen.
The examiner Mei Sheng was amazed by Su Shi's article, but he was not sure about it. When Su Shi paid a visit to him, Mei asked about the source of the conversation between Yao and Gao Tao, and Su Shi smiled and replied: "Of course. ”
In fact, the above allusion comes from the "Book of Rites" and happened to Zhou Gong. Su Shi remembered Yao during the exam, but he actually failed his teacher Mei Sheng, which shows his extraordinary skill.
2. Dongpo Pork
When Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou, he wrote the famous limerick "Ode to Pork": "Huangzhou has good pork, but the price is like dirt. The rich will not accept it." Eat, the poor don't know how to cook. Slow down the fire, use less water, and it will be beautiful when you get up every day. If you are full, you don't care. "It's self-beautiful" is the famous Dongpo pork cooking method. Su Dongpo later served as the governor of Hangzhou, built Su dikes and promoted water conservancy, and was deeply loved by the people. And this "Dongpo Pork" also became famous in Hangzhou and became a famous local dish.
3. Su Shi checked out
Su Shi lived in Changzhou in his later years. He spent the last bit of his savings and bought a house, and was about to move in at a certain date. An accidental opportunity , I heard an old woman crying very sadly. He asked the old woman why she was crying. The old woman said that she had a house that had been passed down for hundreds of years and was sold by unscrupulous descendants, so she was crying sadly. After careful inquiry, it turned out that the house Su Shi bought was the ancestral house that the old woman said. So Su Shi said to her: "My former residence was sold by me. There is no need to feel deeply sad. Now I should give this house back to me." Su Shi immediately burned the deed of the house and only rented a house to live in. In July of this year, Tagu died in the rented house. (See "Liangxi Manzhi" by Fei Gun of the Song Dynasty)
Anecdotes
Reciting poems and attending banquets
When Su Shi was twenty years old, he went to the capital for scientific examination. There were six arrogant people who looked down upon him and decided to invite Su Shi to a banquet with the intention of teasing him. Su Shi went happily after accepting the invitation. Before taking the table and using chopsticks, everyone proposed a drinking order. The content of the drinking order must quote historical figures and events, so that you can eat a plate of food alone. The other five people roared with cheers. "I'll come first." The older one said, "Jiang Ziya fishes on the Weishui River!" After saying that, he took away a plate of fish. "Qin Shubao sells horses in Chang'an," the second man said proudly as he took away the horse meat. "Su Ziqing Beihu Shepherd," the third person took the mutton without showing any signs of weakness. "Zhang Yide sells meat in Zhuo County," the fourth one shouted anxiously, reaching out and grabbing the meat. "Guan Yunchang scraped the bones from Jingzhou," the fifth one couldn't wait to grab the bones. "Zhuge Liang grows vegetables in Longzhong," the sixth arrogantly picked up the last piece of vegetables. After all the dishes were finished, the six people were happily preparing to eat and laugh at Su Shi, but Su Shi calmly chanted: "Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries!" After saying that, he put all six dishes in front of him and said with a smile : "Brothers, please come!". The people in Liuju were dumbfounded.
Getting ahead
When Su Shi took the examination in Beijing, the presiding judge was Ouyang Xiu, a famous literary figure in the Northern Song Dynasty. When he was reviewing the papers, he was fascinated by Su Shi's gorgeous writing style. To prevent favoritism, all examination papers at that time were anonymous. Therefore, although Ouyang Xiu wanted to choose this article as the first one, he felt that this article was very similar to what his disciple Zeng Gong had written, and he was afraid that it would be true, so he finally ranked it second. It wasn't until the release of the list that Ouyang Xiu found out that the author of the article was Su Shi. After knowing the true situation, Ouyang Xiu regretted it, but Su Shi had no intention of caring about it at all. Su Shi's generosity and outstanding talent made Ouyang Xiu marvel at him: "Such a young talent should really be recognized (idiom) This is where success comes from!" and officially accepted Su Shi as his disciple.
Family gathering
After Su Shi came second in high school, the three fathers and sons of the Su family and the family of Su Xiaomei, who is famous for her three-year-old Qin Shaoyou, gathered in the garden to celebrate. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, made a decision Using the two words "cold and fragrant", each person writes two poems, and the requirements are that they will fit the situation at that time. To take the lead, Su Laoquan walked slowly to the flower pond and chanted: "The water flows cold from the edge of the stone, and the wind blows from the flowers with fragrance." Ziyou stood up and picked fragrant wintersweet petals, flicked his fingers and said, "The cold words are unknown, but the plum blossoms are fragrant on his fingers." The younger sister also went to pick flowers. Ziyou wanted to laugh at him for imitating himself, but the younger sister said: "The cuckoos in the sun have a cold mouthpiece, and the flowers and butterflies in the sky have a fragrant dream." After speaking, he spread his palms and found that a butterfly had been crushed to death. The daughter's characteristics were revealed, and everyone applauded in unison. However, Su Shi flicked the stone bench and rode away. Su Laoquan called out: "My son, don't leave if you can't answer the question." Before he finished speaking, Su Shi said two sentences in a long voice: "Flick the stone and come and sit down." Bring the cold, step on the flowers and return home with the scent of horseshoes!"
Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian lived in Jinshan Temple.
One day, they made bread to eat. The two of them agreed not to tell the monk Foyin in the temple about making cakes this time. After a while, the cake was cooked. After counting the number, they first presented the cake to the seat of Guanyin Bodhisattva, bowed diligently, and prayed. Unexpectedly, the Buddha's seal had been hidden in the divine tent in advance. While the two were kneeling to pray, they reached out and stole two pieces of bread. After Su Shi paid his respects, he stood up and saw that two pieces of cake were missing. He knelt down and prayed again: "Guanyin Bodhisattva has such magical powers and ate two pieces of cake. Why doesn't he come out to meet you?"
The Buddha's seal is here He replied in the tent:
"If I have some noodles, I will cook a few pieces with you. How dare you come and disturb me?"
Su Dongpo was in Hangzhou and liked to meet the monks of the West Lake Temple. Make friends. He was the best friend with the monk Foyin of Shengshan Temple. The two of them often joked while drinking and reciting poems.
Monk Foyin was delicious. Whenever Su Dongpo entertained guests at banquets, he always came uninvited. One night, Su Dongpo invited Huang Tingjian to visit the West Lake. There were a lot of wine and food on the boat. As the cruise ship left the shore, Su Dongpo smiled and said to Huang Tingjian: "Foyin has to come to every gathering. Tonight we will take a boat to the lake to drink and recite poems and have a good time. He will not be able to come anyway." Who knows? Monk Foyin had long ago heard that Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were going to visit the lake, so he hid under the cabin board before they boarded the boat.
The bright moon was in the sky, the cool breeze was refreshing, and the fragrance of lotus filled the lake. The cruise ship slowly came to the Three Pagodas of the West Lake. Su Dongpo held the wine glass, twirled his beard, and happily said to Huang Tingjian: "There is no Buddha seal today. , we are quite quiet, let’s start with a drinking order. The first two sentences should use the word "Ji Jing", and the last two sentences should end with the word "哉". "Huang Tingjian said: "Okay!" Su Dongpo said first:
The clouds part and the bright moon comes out. What can the sky say? What can God say?
Huang Tingjian looked at the lotus flowers in the lake, and then said:
Pull the lotus seeds aside, and the fish will come out, and they will find their place! Well done!
At this time, Foyin could no longer bear it under the cabin board. After hearing what Huang Tingjian said, he pushed the cabin board away, climbed out, and said:
Ship board Push it aside and the Buddha's seal comes out. It's so frustrating! It’s so frustrating!
Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian were startled when they saw a man suddenly crawling out from under the plank of the ship. When they looked carefully, they found that it was Foyin. When they heard him utter these four lines of poetry, they couldn't help but be moved. Laughed loudly.
Su Dongpo took the Buddha seal and sat down and said: "You hid it well and you did it well. Today, you have eaten it again!" So the three of them admired the moon and went to the lake, talking and laughing.
Dongpo Fish
Su Shi was not only a literary master, he was also very good at gourmet food. In addition to the well-known Dongpo elbow, Su Shi was also good at cooking fish. The cooked fish is superb. Once, Su Shi was so inspired that he went out to cook fish in the cupboard. Just after it was cooked, he saw Huang Tingjian coming in through the window. ). Knowing that he was trying to get rid of the food jam again, he hurriedly hid the fish on the top of the cupboard. Huang Tingjian walked in and said, "Today I'm asking Brother Zizhan for advice. May I ask Su Shi how to write Su?" Su Shi responded with a long face: "Su, the grass is above the grass and the fish is on the left and the grass is on the left." Huang Tingjian said again: "Then this fish Can you put it on the right side?" Su Shi said, "Okay." Huang Tingjian then asked, "Is it okay to put the fish on the top?" Su Shi said, "What's the point of putting the fish on the top of the cupboard?" Said: "Since Brother Zizhan also knows this truth, why do you still put the fish on it?!" Su Shi, who has always been quick-thinking, was completely beaten by Huang Tingjian this time!
Fruit and medicine
Soon after his marriage, Su Shi was invited to Huang Tingjian's house as a guest. When he got there, a servant came and asked him to go back immediately, saying that his wife was in a hurry. Huang Tingjian deliberately sarcastically recited: "Fortunately (apricot, jujube, plum), and calm (Cistanche deserticola is a traditional Chinese medicine)." This sentence contains three fruit names and one medicine name. Su Shi didn't even look back, stepped on the saddle and walked away, saying as he walked: "But this matter (Nai, the genus of apple, sugarcane, persimmon) must be dealt with by Angelicae (Angelica is the name of Chinese medicine)." Sigh, Dongpo layman's talent is really impressive. People are convinced.
High integrity
As a scholar, it is inevitable that he likes to express his opinions boldly and openly in politics. Su Shi, who is almost synonymous with talent, is no exception. As a conservative, Su Shi fiercely criticized Wang Anshi's reforms. In the second year of Yuanfeng, Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, in the tenth year of the implementation of the reform, Wang Anshi finally couldn't sit still in the face of Su Shi's sharp criticism. Su Shi was demoted to Huzhou, then arrested and sent to Bianliang for trial. The literary inquisition known as the Wutai Poetry Case in history began. A large number of literati and poets who had contact with Su Shi were implicated. Even Su Shi's deceased teacher Ouyang Xiu and his family were not spared. Su Shi himself even suffered a hundred days in prison. Later, after Wang Anshi's reform failed and passed away, Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty ordered Su Shi to draft an imperial edict on his behalf. Su Shi did not avenge his personal revenge in the edict because of his different political views. Instead, he spoke highly of his political opponent. There is a paragraph in the article that says: "Gui Wei's article, Su Shi himself is well-deserved for this evaluation given to Wang Anshi. The noble and selfless spirit of Dongpo layman really moved future generations.
The line between life and death
After Su Shi was imprisoned, Emperor Shenzong sent a young eunuch to pretend to be a prisoner and sleep with Dongpo in order to test whether he had any hatred for the emperor. During the meal during the day, the little eunuch teased him with words. Su Shi ate the meal with gusto and replied: "No matter how thunder strikes, my heart will remain unmoved!" At night, when he fell asleep, the little eunuch teased him again: "Sleep, Master Su." Why don't you sigh when you wait for a bed?" Su Shi ignored him and replied with a snore. The little eunuch woke him up early the next morning and said, "Congratulations, sir, you have been pardoned." You know, that night was extremely dangerous. As long as Su Shi has a little complaint and strange behavior like not eating well or sleeping well, he will be in danger. In fact, Emperor Shenzong was also a confused person. How could he not see it with Su Shi's intelligence when he sent a eunuch?
Dongpo Chibi
After Su Shi was pardoned, he was demoted to Huangzhou. Living in a thatched hut on Dongpo with the help of friends (this is where Dongpo lay people came from), Su Shi had a lot of free time at this time, so he wrote poems and traveled around, and wrote a lot of masterpieces such as "Linjiang Immortal", "Linjiang Immortal" and "Linjiang Immortal". Bu Suanzi: "Residence at Dinghuiyuan in Huangzhou" and so on were written during this period. "Nian Nujiao" written by Su Shi when he visited Red Cliff in Huangzhou has become an eternal poem. However, although Su Shi was knowledgeable and talented, he made a fatal mistake in geography. The Red Cliff of the Three Kingdoms is located in the upper reaches of Wuhan, while the Red Cliff of Huangzhou is located downstream of Wuhan. This Red Cliff is not the other Red Cliff. However, it was a mistake to make a mistake. The Red Cliff inscribed by Su Shi is now called Dongpo Red Cliff.
Conservation
After the restoration of the conservatives in the imperial court, Sima Guang, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty who was famous for smashing vats, returned to worship the prime minister, and the new law was completely abolished. At this time, Su Shi, who was also a conservative, advocated that the new law should not be completely negated and that good people and bad people should be treated differently. Therefore, he had a fierce conflict with Sima Guang and was demoted to Guazhou again. Although Su Shi believed in Buddhism, he did not like monks. I heard that there was a monk named Foyin in Guazhou Jinshan Temple who was very famous. When Su Shi heard about it, he was not convinced and decided to go to the mountain to meet the old monk! In the temple, Su Shi talked about everything from the emperor to civil and military officials, from governing the country to how to be a human being. The monk listened quietly. Su Shi looked down on Foyin from the bottom of his heart when he saw that Foyin had been silent. I thought to myself: Everyone said he was capable, but he is just a fool, and he came here to defraud a few people out of their incense money! The topic slowly turned to Buddhist matters. At this time Foyin asked: "What kind of person should Lao Na be in the eyes of Mr. Su Shi?" Su Shi was full of contempt and casually replied: "What do you think in the eyes of ordinary people?" You may be capable, but that's because they are shallow. In fact, you make up your mind every day and have no real talent. You are just a liar!" Foyin smiled slightly and said nothing. Seeing him like this, Su Shi not only looked down upon the monk even more, but also became very proud of himself, so he took advantage of it and asked: "Who do I, Bachelor Su, do in your eyes?" "You are a very knowledgeable and cultivated person. Man, it is better for you to lose yourself!" Foyin replied. After returning home, Su Shi proudly told his little sister how to make the monk in the morning. After hearing this, Su Shi laughed so much that her rice gushed out.
Su Shi was confused and asked: "Why are you laughing, little sister?" "You belittled the monk and he not only didn't get angry but praised you. Who do you think has cultivation? How can cultivation come from without knowledge? You still think you are better than others." Strong? I’m so embarrassed that you don’t even know!” After hearing this, Su Shi suddenly realized that he and Master Foyin became sworn friends from then on.
'The Bones' Were Not Cold
One day, Su Shi and Foyin took a boat trip to Slender West Lake. Master Foyin suddenly took out a fan with poems by lay Buddhist Dongpo and threw it to In the river, he shouted loudly: "Poetry (corpse) on the east slope of the river!" Su Shi was stunned for a moment, but he quickly pointed to the dog gnawing bones on the river bank and chanted: "The dog gnawed the bones on the river (monk) !"
Eating grass on Dongpo
With nothing to do, Su Shi went to Jinshan Temple to visit Master Foyin. Unexpectedly, the master was not there, and a young novice came to open the door. Su Shi said proudly: "Where is the bald donkey?!". The little novice monk pointed calmly into the distance and replied: "Eat grass on the east slope!"
Couple to retreat the enemy
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Song people led the Liao State to invade. The imperial court, which was deliberately seeking peace, attracted an envoy from the Liao State and asked the Song people to answer the first couplet: three lights, sun, moon and stars. If the second couplet appears, the troops will be withdrawn and peace will be negotiated. This couplet seems simple, but it is not easy to understand. The numbers in the sentence correspond exactly to the things that follow, and the numbers selected in the couplet correspond to things that are more or less than three. Su Shi, who happened to be back in Beijing to report on his work, cleverly combined the upper and lower couplets with a stroke of his pen: Four poems in ode to elegance. The beauty of this couplet is that the "Four Poems" only have three names: "Ode to Fengya", because there are "Daya" and "Xiaoya" in the Book of Songs, which are collectively called "Ya". In addition to the four parts of "National Style" and "Ode to Poems", "The Book of Songs" is also called the "Four Poems". The witty couplets are so perfect that the Liao envoy admired them greatly.
In a pair of three people, one must be my teacher
Su Shi, his younger sister, and Huang Tingjian were enjoying paintings one day, and it was interesting to see the above couplet: Thin willows in the breeze, plum blossoms in the pale moon. It seems that it is a four-character couplet, but there is an empty word in the middle. My sister suggested adding words in the middle to form a five-character couplet. Huang Tingjian's answer is: the thin willows dance in the breeze, and the plum blossoms are hidden in the pale moon. The younger sister wrote: The gentle breeze shakes the thin willows, and the pale moon reflects the plum blossoms. Su Shi thought for a moment and responded immediately, filling in words to make it: The gentle breeze supports the thin willows, and the pale moon loses the plum blossoms. Looking at the couplets between the three people, Su Shi is the most wonderful: the word "help" not only writes the gentleness of the wind and the delicateness of the willows, but also writes the intimacy between the wind and the willows, making it more vivid; The word "hidden" is appropriate. It not only emphasizes the brightness of the moonlight, but also takes into account the cleanliness of the plum blossoms. It highlights the scene where the two merge into one color, which is more consistent and appropriate.
His plan
Su Shi’s close friend Foyin. Although he is a monk, he does not avoid eating meat and wine. On this day, Foyin fried fish and drank wine, and Su Shi happened to come to visit. Foyin hurriedly hid the fish under the big chime (wooden fish). Su Shi had already smelled the fish fragrance and disappeared when he came in. Thinking of Huang Tingjian's trick that day, he suddenly thought about it and said deliberately: "I came to ask the master today, what is the next sentence of Xiangyangmen's spring is always there?" Foyin I was deeply surprised that my old friend read out an old and well-known sentence, so I said the following sentence casually: People who accumulate good deeds will be blessed. Su Shi touched his palm and laughed: "Since there are fish (surplus) in the chime (qing), let's accumulate some kindness and use it to enjoy it."
Wushan River
Once, Su Shi made an appointment with his younger brother Su Che and Master Foyin. The three of them traveled together, and Foyin improvised a sentence: Wushan is as good as Wushan. The key lies in the homophony of "wu" and "wu". Su Che said: How can a leaf be as round as a lotus leaf? After hearing this, Su Shi said to his younger brother: It is good to use the homophonic pronunciation of "He He" and "无武", but would it be better to change it to this: He water can be as clear as a river. After hearing this, Foyin and Su Zhe agreed. Using "water" against "mountain" will win the battle more steadily.
Little sister Lianqi
Su Shi, who had not seen his friend for a long time, invited Huang Tingjian to his home. When the little sister saw her brother going out to greet her in person, she made a joke about it, saying: Brother invites you to visit Shuangyue. "Double Moon" is combined into the word "Peng". Su Shi knew that the little sister was joking with him, so he immediately said: Little sister catches the wind in front of the window. "Half" versus "Double", "Wind" versus "Moon",