The paradise on earth written by Tao Yuanming, a great poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, is famous for its idyllic beauty, rich temples and pavilions, rich poems and inscriptions, and strange historical legends.
gather
Cao Gui
Source: Fu Zhan, Yong Ye. High spirits, then decline, three exhausted.
Interpretation: "drum", knocking on the war drum; Cheer up. It means that morale is highest at the beginning of a battle. Now it is a metaphor that when everyone is in high spirits and full of energy, they will do things at once. It means to encourage.
story
In the spring of 684 BC, the powerful State of Qi sent troops to attack the weak State of Lu. Duke Zhuang of Lu personally led the army to fight with the ladle.
When they reached the spoon, the two sides lined themselves up and prepared for a big fight. Qi army took the lead, beating gongs and drums to attack Lu army first. Duke Zhuang of Lu was preparing to send troops to fight, but Cao Gui, who volunteered to fight and accompanied him, dissuaded him and said, "Your Majesty, the time has not come. Let's talk about it later. " Seeing that Lu Jun was silent, the Qi army did not come out to fight, and once again beat gongs and drums; Wave the flag and shout.
Duke Zhuang of Lu wanted to have another fight, but Cao Gui still wanted him to stay where he was. Qi saw that Lu Jun had not yet gone to war, and once again beat drums to challenge Lu Jun. But Cao Gui still told Lu Zhuanggong to order the army to stick to it.
The Qi army was ready to attack three times, but did not see the Lu army fighting. Their morale was greatly reduced and they were very tired. Their mood suddenly dropped, thinking that Lu Jun would not fight again. Everyone sat down to rest and the team began to loosen up. At this time, Cao Gui made a decisive decision and said to Duke Zhuang of Lu: "It's time to attack."
The drums were like rain, and the soldiers of the Lu army who had been ready for a long time bravely attacked, and the Qi army had no time to guard against it. They immediately dropped their armor and fled everywhere.
After the victory of the battle, Zhuang Gong asked Cao Zong, "Why did you wait until the Qi army beat drums three times?" . To attack? "
Cao Gui replied, "The most important thing in fighting is courage. When the drum is played for the first time, the morale is the strongest; When the drum was played for the second time, the soldier's courage had weakened; When playing the third drum, my courage was almost gone. At this time, our army beat drums and gongs, and hit the slack and tired army with high morale. Of course, we can win! "
3. Swan's ambition
Bobby Chen
According to this story, at the end of Qin Dynasty, there was a peasant uprising leader named Chen Sheng. When Chen She was young, he worked as a farm worker and cultivated land for others. Once, he stopped farming and went to rest on the ridge. He sighed with disappointment and hated it for a long time. He said to another farm worker, "If some of us are rich, we can't forget others." Everyone who worked as a farm worker laughed at him: "How can you be rich when you work as a farm worker for others!" Chen She sighed and said, "Alas, how can a sparrow know the ambition of a swan!" "
"Swan's ambition" comes from this story. Honghu: Swan, here is a metaphor for a hero. People use "ambition" to express lofty aspirations. Use "sparrow" to represent short-sighted people.
Review the old and learn the new.
Confucius
Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher."
Confucius said, "If you review what you have learned in the past, you will gain new gains and discoveries, so you can be a teacher."
5. Bian Wei Three Musts
Confucius
Source: Historical Records Confucius Family Confucius likes the Book of Changes later ... reading the Book of Changes. He said, "If you leave me for a few years, I will be gentle in Iraq." Interpretation: "Wei" is cooked cowhide; "Bian Wei" refers to bamboo slips woven with cowhide ropes. "Three" is a divisor, which means many times; "Absolute" means broken. In order to read easily, Confucius turned over the bamboo slips of cowhide tendon many times. Later generations used the idiom "Bian Wei's Three Musts" to describe hard work.
Get to the point
Wang Xizhi
Wang Xizhi was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. On one occasion, the imperial court held a sacrificial ceremony and asked Wang Xizhi to write his message on the blessing board (the wooden board where the message was written during the sacrifice). Later, this message needs to be revised, and the original words must be scraped off. When the sculptor scraped the wishing board, he found that the marks of every word on the board were embedded in the wood for three minutes, as if carved with a knife. He was amazed and praised Wang Xizhi's brushwork.
7. Cross financing
Ouyang Xiu
This idiom is used to describe the scene of drinking at a party, and there is such a sentence in Ouyang Xiu's Zuiweng Pavilion. Ouyang Xiu was a famous writer and poet in the Song Dynasty, calling himself an alcoholic. When he was appointed as the "Chuzhou satrap", he often went to Langya Mountain in the southwest suburb of Chuzhou to brew springs. There is a pavilion above the brewing spring, which he named "Zuiweng Pavilion". He and his guests often have drinks and parties in this pavilion, and wrote a famous "The Drunken Pavilion". (See "A Drunken Man's Drinks")
"Zuiweng Pavilion" describes the happy scene of guests visiting the banquet: "The joy of the banquet is not silk or bamboo; Among the shooters, the players win and the players stagger. Those who sit up and make noise are happy. "
Wine glasses; Raising, raising wine, that is, wine cards and the like. "Contention" means toasting, toasting and executing orders, which is very lively. This idiom is often used to describe people who get as drunk as a fiddler at a party, which is similar to "a mess of cups and plates". (See "One barrel is drunk, one stone is drunk." )
8. Everything except the east wind.
Zhuge Liang
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao sent his troops south to attack the allied forces of Liu Bei and Sun Quan. Zhou Yu, commander-in-chief of Soochow, decided to burn Cao Jun. Everything was ready, and Zhou Yu suddenly remembered that he had to blow southeast wind to win, but it was winter and northwest wind was blowing. Where does the southeast wind come from? Zhou Yu fell ill with anxiety. Zhuge Liang guessed his heart and gave him a prescription of 16 words: if you want to break Cao Gong, attack him with fire; Everything is ready except the east wind. Zhou Yu was busy asking Zhuge Liang for advice. Zhuge Liang knows astronomy, knowing that a southeast wind will blow in a few days, he said that he could borrow the southeast wind by magic. Later, it really blew in the southeast (Liu Chan)
King Sima Wen and the Zen banquet used their own Shu skills for it, and they were all impressed by others and laughed at Zen. Qi Weiwang said to Jia Chong, "What a heartless man! Although Zhuge Liang is here, he can't help for long. What about ginger? "
Chong said, "Why don't you join us?"
Another day, the King of Qi asked Zen, "Do you miss Shu?" Zen said, "I am happy here, but I don't think about Shu." Hearing this, Xi asked to see Zen and said, "If Wang asks late, he should cry and answer: Father's grave is far away in Longshu, but he is sad in the Western Heaven, and he doesn't think about it every day." The king will ask again as before. The king said, "Why is it like good and evil?" Zen was shocked and said, "As sincere as respecting life." Laugh left and right. (selected from the annals of the three kingdoms)
After Liu Chan surrendered, Si Mazhao hosted a banquet for him. The official of Shu is sad, and the latter is happy. Before Si Mazhao made Shu people pretend to be Shu people, officials in Shu were crying and laughing. When the wine was half drunk, Si Mazhao said to Jia Chong, "It's human nature, so it is! Although Zhu Gekongming is here, he can't help for long, let alone Jiang Wei? " But he asked the late Lord, "Do you miss Shu?" The late Lord said, "I am happy here, but I don't think about Shu."
People often forget their roots with joy, or forget their roots with joy, and miss their homeland for no reason, which is called "being happy without thinking about Shu". This allusion originated in Luoyang during the Three Kingdoms period.
At that time, Wei Jun entered Sichuan, and Liu Chan, the last ruler of Shu, surrendered and was sent to Luoyang. Si Mazhao named him the Duke of Happiness, gave him a house, gave him a monthly allowance, and had a hundred servants. Liu Chan made a special trip to thank him, and Si Mazhao hosted a banquet, singing and dancing. When the music of Shu started, the old ministers of Shu recited the sadness of the country's demise, and all of them burst into tears. Liu Chan, on the other hand, is insensitive and laughs. Si Mazhao said, and then asked Liu Chan; "Do you want to relax?" Liu Chan replied, "This place is very happy. I don't miss Shu. " Hearing this, Zheng Gu, his old minister, quickly found an opportunity and whispered to him, "Your Majesty, when Si Mazhao asks you again, you will cry and answer,' The ancestral grave is far away in Shu, and I don't miss it every day!'" "In this way, you can let your majesty go back to Shu." After hearing this, Liu Chan kept it in mind. Halfway through the wine, Si Mazhao asked again. Liu Chan soon understood what Gu Zhengjiao told him, but he just wanted to cry. Si Mazhao listened and said, "Hey, how does this sound like what Zheng Gu said?" Liu Chan said in surprise, "You are absolutely right! Si Mazhao and his ministers all laughed. Si Mazhao saw that Liu Chan was so honest that he never doubted him again. In this way, Liu Chan spent the rest of his life happily in Luoyang, and handed down this hilarious allusion of "no fun".
But do you really miss Shu? Under the disguise of "being happy without thinking about Shu", you may cry to the southwest more than once at night when no one is around! ..... Liu Chan is an extraordinary wise man, who brought the realm of "silence" to the extreme, and at the same time, he finally avoided this fatal disaster. Shakespeare said: "pretending to be deaf and dumb and pretending to be kind depends on talent;" He must spy on the mood of the people he makes fun of, understand their identity and seize the opportunity; Then look at every bird in front of you like a wild eagle, and don't relax at every opportunity. This is a job as difficult as the art of smart people. "
After Liu Chan's subjugation, as the king of subjugation, not only his own life, but also the happiness of Shu people were in the hands of others. Their own treatment directly affected the easing of Jin's policy towards Shu people. Therefore, Liu Chan must play the fool and hide his talents everywhere to deceive the world and protect himself. Behind the superficial numbness and cowardice lies extraordinary cunning and wit. As the weakest party among the three countries, it can lead Shu for 4 1 year, which not only avoids the infighting of the team, but also does not launch a big movement every few years, and the political power is stable. The people of this country stay when they go. The latter pays attention to the people's real interests, abandons face politics and reduces unnecessary sacrifice of life and property. His stupidity after being captured is nothing more than the juice of keeping a low profile when in danger. If you don't "be happy without thinking about Shu", I'm afraid you won't even have a chance to think about Shu in the future. He is really talented!
Liu Chan (207-27 1), the public heir, was the Emperor of Shu and Han for 42 years. In 223, Liu Bei died of illness, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne as the new emperor. Young Liu Chan respected Zhuge Liang as his father, and all the political affairs of Shu Han were under Zhuge Liang's control. Later, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was disapproved by Liu Chan, and Zhuge Liang could not be stopped. In 234, Zhuge Liang died, and Liu Chan personally dressed in plain clothes greeted Zhuge Liang's coffin. On the issue of dealing with Wei Yan and Yang Yi, Liu Chan is obviously on Wei Yan's side. When he saw Wei Yan killed by Yang Yi, he immediately demoted Yang Yi to Shu Ren and appointed Jiang Wan as a general. Later, Jiang Wan and Fei Yi came to power. After their death, Jiang Wei came to power and began the Northern Expedition again. In this case, Liu Chan watched Shu Han go to ruin step by step. In 263, Wargo surrounded Chengdu for four years, and Liu Chan surrendered to Wargo by opening the gate, and was named the Duke of Happiness by Si Mazhao.
Liu Chan in history was not a complete bad king, because in Shu Han, he seldom gave himself an imperial edict. But later generations gradually demonized Liu Chan as a man with nothing to do. In fact, if you think about it carefully, you will understand that Liu Chan was the longest reigning emperor in the Three Kingdoms period. If he is really stupid to the extreme, how can he sit on the throne for so long?
Liu Chan's "Happiness without Thinking of Shu" is the juice to keep our heads clear!
Calling a deer a horse-deliberate misinterpretation
zhǐlùwéI mü
Qin Ershi's prime minister, Zhao Gao, is ambitious, planning to usurp the throne all day long. However, he doesn't know how many people can be at his mercy and how many people are against him. So he thought of a way to test his prestige and find out who dared to oppose him.
One day, Zhao Gao brought a deer into the palace and said to Qin Ershi with a big smile, "Your Majesty, I will give you a good horse." Qin Ershi looked at it and thought: This is not a horse, this is obviously a deer! He smiled and said to Zhao Gao, "The Prime Minister has made a mistake. There is a deer here. How can you say it's a horse? " Zhao Gao said with a straight face: "Please see clearly, this is indeed a swift horse." Qin Ershi looked at the deer again and said incredulously, "Why does a horse have horns on its head?" Zhao Gao turned around, pointed to the ministers and said loudly, "Your Majesty can ask the ministers if you don't believe me."
Ministers were all at a loss by Zhao Gao's nonsense, and whispered privately: What is this Zhao Gao doing? It's obviously a deer or a horse! Ministers see Zhao Gao sinister smile on his face, eyes staring at Zhao Gao in turn, eyes staring at everyone in turn, suddenly understand Zhao Gao's intention.
Some timid people with a sense of justice bow their heads and dare not speak, because telling lies is sorry for their conscience, and telling the truth is afraid of being hurt by Zhao Gao in the future. Some honest people insist that this is a deer rather than a horse. There are also some adulterers who usually follow Zhao Gao closely and immediately support Zhao Gao's statement and say to the emperor, "This is indeed a swift horse!"
Afterwards, Zhao Gao punished those honest ministers who did not obey him by various means, and even copied them.
The story comes from Historical Records of Qin Shihuang. The idiom "referring to a deer as a horse" is a metaphor for deliberately reversing right and wrong and confusing black and white.
Synonym: reverse black and white
In the Qing Dynasty, Li Yu's "Copying Maids with Fragrance" "Although you are not talking about deer for horses, you are also talking about sheep for cattle."