Summary of political knowledge points in the first volume of the eighth grade catalogue
Eighth grade political knowledge point book 1
Summary of eighth grade political knowledge points
The first volume of eighth grade political knowledge points summarizes the irregular social life.
3. 1 maintain order
1, meaning, content and importance of social order.
Meaning: Social order is an orderly state of social life.
② Content: Social management order, production order, traffic order and public place order.
③ Importance: The normal operation of society needs order. Social order is the guarantee for people to live and work in peace.
2. The meaning, types and functions of social rules.
Meaning: Social rules are formed on the basis of gradually reaching tacit understanding and understanding in order to maintain an orderly social environment.
2 categories: morality, discipline, law, etc.
③ Function: (Relationship between social rules and social order:)
Social rules define the content of social order. Social rules ensure the realization of social order.
3.2 Obey the rules
1, talk about your understanding of freedom.
Freedom is not arbitrary, it is bound by social rules such as morality, discipline and law. According to the Constitution of China, when citizens exercise their freedoms and rights, they shall not harm the national, social and collective interests or the legitimate freedoms and rights of other citizens.
2. The purpose of people making rules.
It is not to restrict freedom, but to ensure that everyone does not cross the border of freedom and promote the orderly progress of society.
3. How to consciously abide by the rules?
(1) Obeying the rules requires heteronomy and self-discipline.
(2) Obeying social rules requires us to respect the rules from the heart. Take rules as the criterion of your actions.
4. What are the requirements of self-discipline?
Self-discipline is to be strict with yourself, constantly reflect on yourself, overcome the bad habits that have been discovered, and consciously abide by the rules.
5. How to maintain rules?
On the one hand, we should start from ourselves and consciously abide by the rules.
On the other hand, under the premise of ensuring their own safety, remind, urge and help others to abide by the rules.
6. Why should we actively improve the rules?
With the development of society and the change of social life, some rules that did not exist before need to be formulated; Some original rules have lost their rationality and need to be abolished; Some of the original rules can not fully adapt to the changes in real life and need to be adjusted and improved.
Eighth grade political knowledge points Book 1 Friendship and peer growth
4. 1 Respect others
1, the meaning and performance of respect.
(1) Meaning: Respect means respect and attention. Respecting others is the external expression of one's inner cultivation.
(2) Performance: In social life, we should respect the personality and rights of others.
2. The importance of respecting others.
(1) Personal: Being respected by others will produce a good psychological experience.
(2) Society: Respect makes social life harmonious.
3. How to respect others? How to gain my respect? )
(1) Take the initiative to pay attention to and value others. (2) treat others equally. (3) Learn to empathize. (4) Learn to appreciate others.
4. Treat other people's demands equally.
We sincerely respect the personality of others and treat all people equally.
4.2 Treat people with courtesy
1, the significance and performance of the ceremony.
(1) Meaning: Politeness reflects a person's good qualities such as respect, humility and kindness to others.
(2) Performance: civilized language, dignified appearance and civilized manners.
2. The importance and requirements of politeness.
(1) Politeness is the prerequisite for a person to stand on the world.
(2) Politeness promotes social harmony.
(3) Politeness reflects the national image.
3. The meaning of politeness.
Politeness is a moral code of conduct to deal with the relationship between people and maintain the normal life of society, and it is also a bridge to communicate the feelings between people.
4. How to be a civilized and polite person?
(1) Modest and polite.
(2) Dress neatly and behave in a dignified manner.
(3) We need to study, observe, think and practice constantly in social life.
5. What should I pay attention to when attending social activities?
In social activities, you should dress appropriately, behave steadily, be polite and be natural and graceful.
4.3 Honesty and trustworthiness
1, which means honesty.
Honesty means honesty and keeping promises. Honesty is the value criterion of socialist core values at the individual level of citizens, a moral norm and quality, and a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. Honesty is also a principle of civil law.
2. The importance of honesty:
Honesty is the foundation of a person.
(2) Integrity is an intangible asset of an enterprise.
(3) Honesty promotes social civilization and national prosperity.
3. How to practice honesty? How to be an honest person? )
① Establish a sense of honesty. (2) with honesty and wisdom. 3 cherish the personal integrity record.
4. The harm of dishonesty.
If a person is treacherous and treacherous, he can't even stand on the world.
5. What can enterprises do to win customers?
Only by insisting on honest management and handling affairs can an enterprise establish a good image and reputation and win customers.
6. How to treat commitment?
We can't promise easily, we must do what we promised, and we must explain why we can't. If our actions have caused bad influence, we should not evade or shirk, but be brave enough to take the fault and take the initiative to take responsibility. Strive for others to understand.
Summary of eighth grade political knowledge points? Be a law-abiding citizen
5. 1 law is inviolable.
1. The most rigid social rule is: law.
2. The bottom line of human behavior is not breaking the law.
3, the normative role of the law:
(1) The law clearly tells people what they can do, what they must do, what they should do and what they shouldn't do, and provides patterns, standards and directions for people's behavior.
(2) The law also tells people which behaviors are legal and which behaviors are illegal, which is the standard to evaluate whether people's behaviors are effective.
4, the meaning and type of illegal behavior:
Meaning: illegal behavior refers to the behavior that points out the fault violates the provisions of laws and regulations and harms society.
Types: civil violations, administrative violations and criminal violations.
5, the meaning of general illegal behavior:
Civil violations and administrative violations do relatively little harm to society and become general violations.
6, the performance of administrative violations:
Lying about danger, destroying closed railway lines, beating others, etc.
7, two typical civil violations:
(1) Infringe on the civil rights of others. ② Failure to perform contractual obligations according to law.
8. What are the civil activities?
Buy real estate, sign a contract, get a job, start a business, get married, etc.
9. Reasons and requirements for observing rules and regulations:
(1) Reason: Abiding by rules and laws is the guarantee of social harmony.
(2) Requirements: ① Know the harm of general illegal acts and consciously regulate your behavior according to law.
② In social life, we should distinguish right from wrong, strengthen the concept of abiding by the law, and strictly abide by the legal provisions of public security management.
③ In social communication, we should engage in civil activities in accordance with the law, and actively guard against people's livelihood violations and contract violations.
5.2 Crime prevention
1, the content and function of criminal law:
(1) Content: It clearly stipulates what behavior is a crime and what kind of punishment should be given to the crime.
(2) Function: a powerful weapon to punish crimes and protect the interests of the country and the people.
2, the meaning of crime, basic characteristics:
(1) Meaning: A crime is an act that has serious social harm and should be punished for violating the criminal law.
(2) Basic characteristics: serious social harm, criminal violation and punishment.
3. Consequences of crime: punishment
4, the meaning and types of punishment:
Meaning: Penalty, also known as criminal punishment and criminal punishment, refers to the most severe mandatory legal sanction method applied by judicial organs to criminals according to law.
Type: Punishment is divided into principal punishment and supplementary punishment.
5. Harm of crime: Crime is the most dangerous trap on our growth path.
6. How to strengthen self-prevention?
(1) We should cherish a better life, recognize the harm of crime and stay away from it.
(2) Crime prevention requires us to put an end to bad behavior.
(3) Strengthen the concept of legal system, be self-disciplined according to law and consciously abide by the law. We should start with small things, avoid bad habits and nip in the bud.
5.3 Make good use of the law
1. What should I do when my legitimate rights and interests are infringed?
We should actively seek legal aid and rely on the law to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests.
2. Which institutions provide legal services and assistance?
① Legal service office ②, law firm ③, notary office ④, legal aid center.
3. What are the ways to seek legal relief?
If you are illegally infringed, you can seek legal relief from the state. We can complain and report to any organ of the public security organ, the people's court or the people's procuratorate according to law, and we can bring a lawsuit directly to the people's court when necessary.
4, the meaning, status and type of litigation:
(1) Meaning: Litigation is an activity of the people's court to resolve disputes and contradictions in accordance with legal procedures with the participation of litigants.
(2) Ways: Litigation is the most formal and authoritative means to deal with disputes and infringement, and it is the last barrier to safeguard legitimate rights and interests.
(3) Types: civil litigation, administrative litigation and exercise litigation.
5, the necessity of cracking down on illegal crimes:
It is the unshirkable responsibility of all citizens, including teenagers, to crack down on illegal crimes.
6. How to deal with illegal crimes?
(1) When the interests of the state, the public and others are illegally infringed, we should dare and be good at safeguarding legitimate rights and interests according to law.
(2) In the face of illegal crimes, we should be good at fighting. On the premise of self-help and harm reduction, we should skillfully use the power of others or society to fight against illegal crimes with wit and flexibility.
(3) Actively carry forward the spirit of socialist rule of law, form the concept of respecting the law and breaking the law, and consciously abide by the law, find the law and solve problems by law.
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