All sentient beings, in the long history of their symbols, whether they are single names advocated by Han people or names advocated by Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, must carry the word "ambition". Whether it is the habit of "old" and "old" in the names of people in the Song Dynasty or the foreign names admired by modern people, they are consistent, and most of them reflect a most basic feature: people's naming is restricted and influenced by social times and social environment.
An old name advocates remembering names.
Confucius' historical theory began to break from Yao and Shun. Modern archaeology dates back to the Shang Dynasty. Before Yao, Shun, Yin and Shang, it was ancient times. In ancient history, there were many speculations. But as far as the legendary people are concerned, their clan public names or private names also have their remarkable similarities, that is, they advocate remembering names and knowing their meanings in advance.
There is a cloud in the monthly order of "Li": "Since the number of sons is not enough, the son of heaven takes his virtue and the officials take his sign; Since Zhuan Xu, the title of the son of heaven has been based on its position, and the title of a hundred officials has been based on its affairs. Naming is based on its virtue, its characteristics, its place and its things, which can be understood through its name.
There is also the legendary story of "the king of the world", with a nest, shame, Shennong. From their names, we can know that they use trees as their nests, dig wells for fire, and cultivate fields to help farmers. These are representatives who remember their names.
Another example is "to be virtuous": Emperor Yan, the sun is also virtuous with fire, so it is called Emperor Yan; The Yellow Emperor, whose color is yellow, is called the Yellow Emperor.
Another example is "taking its place": Fuxi lives in the east, also known as the position of Tai Hao; Shennongju Lieshan, also known as Shanshi Lie; The Yellow Emperor lives above Xuanyuan, also known as Xuanyuan.
B, the main branch: accepted the name of the Yin Dynasty.
Looking up the Biography of Emperor Yin, we can see that his lineage is as follows:
"................................................................................................................................................................................ newspaper Ding died, and my son did. Baoyi died, and his son reported it to a third party. Report the death of C, and the son will not stand. The master is a pawn and the son is the leader. The Lord is a pawn, and the son is a day. The day is soup, and the soup cuts Xia Jie, and it goes through mountains and mountains. "
It can be seen that the naming of Emperor Yin has the characteristics of pure heavenly dryness. In the Yin Dynasty, not only emperors were named after dry branches, but also people generally put dry branches in their own names. Such as father, father Jia Ding, father Ding Jue, tiger father Ding Jue, fish father C Jue and so on. "Father" is a respectful name, and the tiger father Ding Jue means that Ding Fu is a hunter. Father fish, Lord C, means that this father C is a fisherman.
There are names of "Wu" and "Mao" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which shows that there are also names of earthly branches in the Yin Dynasty. At this point, the subjects named the branches, mostly after the branches on their birthdays. Writing here, I can't help worrying about the ancients: only a few people have done heavenly stems and earthly branches, and everyone is named after it. How can we eliminate the regret of duplicate names?
C. inheritance and development: spring and autumn names follow the rules.
The naming of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period pays attention to "five laws and six rules" (described later), which is the origin of taboos. However, due to "no courtesy in troubled times", few people follow it. On the contrary, people share common interests with unspecified life words, and everyone pays attention to the dialectical unity between life words and between them. Therefore, "White Tiger Tong" has a cloud: "You know its nature by its name, and you know its name by its name."
The word "time and life" pays attention to the same training, the text, the classroom, the reality, the argument and so on. If you kill me, you will get rid of your illness, that is, you will learn from each other in the same language; Zheng Gongsun's black word Xi and Wei Duanmu's word Zigong are antonyms. Kong Li's "Apollo", Qu Yuan's "Ping" and Ji Xiang's "Yu" are all argument categories. There are not many examples here.
During the Yin period, many people used the names of dry branches, which matched the rigidity and softness of Yin and Yang, such as Zheng Shi's decyl characters Jiafu, Gui, Shui and Routian; This is a new discovery of Zhou people, who also, only in the sun, combined rigidity with softness, emphasizing the five elements to produce grams.
Influenced by the commonly used meaningless auxiliary words in written language, people's names in the pre-Qin period were mostly written and addressed with voiced words such as "Zhi" and "Bu", such as "Jie Zhi", "Zhu Wu", "Geng Zhi", "Han Unbelief", "Shen Buhai", "Gao Ignorance" and "Liang Unbelief". The words "no" and "know" in the name have no meaning. Just for the beauty of writing (ancient Chinese writing pays attention to the upper and lower body) and the catchy words of reading are added by others. It is actually a great fallacy for people who don't know the future generations to regard it as part of the name.
D single name-the popular color of Han Mang Dynasty
People who have read the History of the Three Kingdoms can find that almost all the characters in the book are single names. Such as Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Liu Bei, Sun Quan, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhou Yu, Jiang Gan, Huang Gai and so on. The same is true of the characters in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. These two books have a history of 300 years, that is, the history of single-name pop III.
The abuse of a single name stems from Wang Mang. There is a saying in "Mangchuan" that "if you are confused, you will have a natural birth and go to the second". His eldest grandson, Wang Zong, attempted to commit suicide by rebellion, and Mang told him to change his name to Hui Zong. It can be seen that Wang Mang is dissatisfied with the second name and prefers a single name. Such a derogatory and praising, up and down but effective, the common people began to imitate Li. At that time, a single name in the world. Wang Mang's imperial robe has only been added for more than ten years, but the single surname has lasted for nearly three hundred years. It was not until the Wei and Jin Dynasties that there were more than two single names.
For the choice of Chinese characters, Han and his descendants prefer to use the sort of respecting the elderly or all kinds of kind words embedded in Chinese characters. For example, yu zhang's eldest son, Du You's ji zi, yang hu's uncle, and Chenggong's youngest son, if you don't look at their names, only recognize their words, you will treat them as a family. This is an example of mixing ranking words with respecting the elderly. Adding good words to Chinese characters is a Chinese character selection method that has been advocated by generations from Han Dynasty to Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties. These beautiful words include: respect for the old and beauty for the public: Zhou Yu's words are public, and Yang Yi's words are public; The title is as beautiful as Qing: Su Qing, Zi Changqing; The beauty of identity is like a scholar: Pang Tong is a scholar and Lu Ye is a scholar; Describe the kind words of Confucius: Zhuge Liang is Kong Ming, Chen Lin is Kong Zhang; The beauty of virtue is like virtue: Yang Xiuzi is the father of virtue and Zhang Fei is the wing of virtue; Good behavior: Lu Bu first; Praise is like a sigh: all words are sacred, and so on.
E, the addition of two names-the prosperity of Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties
The biggest feature of the names in Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties is to add a "zhi" tail after the two names. And father and son brothers attack from generation to generation, and they are not afraid. For a time, the fashion of the word "time" has become a kind of fanaticism, and you can be unknown. This kind of fame is unique and unforgettable.
Take the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi as an example. In the sixth world, there are, and wisdom; In the seventh world, there are Xuanzhi, Ningzhi, Xianzhi and Wang Zhi; In the eighth world, there are true wisdom, classics wisdom, Hong Zhi and Na Zhi; In the ninth world, there are Yue Zhi, Biao Zhi and Wei Zhi; In the tenth world, there are Xiuzhi and Yan Zhihe.
In the name of the word "Zhi", all were prominent officials and aristocratic families at that time. The word "knowledge" is used across generations, or connected or even separated from generation to generation, or used only by brothers or only by one person. It seems that the word "knowledge" is a special symbol of your children. Another feature of place names in the Southern and Northern Dynasties is the strong religious atmosphere. From the spread of Buddhism and Buddhism in the Han Dynasty to the prosperity of the Six Dynasties, the Five Dou Mi Dao suddenly emerged. At that time, most of the intellectuals' thoughts were mixed with immortals, Buddhists and sages, and their naming was also affected. Zhao Yi's "Examination of Jade Cong" has "Yuan and Wei are named after gods", which can testify:
"In the Northern Dynasties, there were many people in the name of God. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Wang Shizi was named Zhong Kui, whose real name was Hag, and his fourth brother Robben was named Luo Cha. During the period of filial piety, there was another eunuch, Gao Bodhisattva, who was a scholar. ..... After the Tang Dynasty, Lingnan hired two eunuchs, one rigid and the other mighty, that is, Master Tu of Korea. "
F, Tang dynasty-"name" and "word" are the same.
Names perform their duties, "justified, clear pronunciation and mellow voice." However, the same name prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. Names are used to call themselves, characters are used to show the respect of friends, and different literary talents can have different names. However, in the Tang Dynasty, the names and characters were similar. Such as, Meng Haoran's son Haoran, Zhang Xun's, Tian's son, etc. , is a fashion of obedience.
Yan-the naming hotspot of the Five Dynasties
In the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, there were frequent wars and separatist regimes. There was a strange phenomenon at that time, that is, it was named after the word "Yan". From the late Tang Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, there were 145 people recorded in the history books, including the famous Yanzhang 7 people, Yan Dynasty 1 1 person, Wei Yan 7 people and Yan Qing 1 person. "Twenty-two Answers to History" said that "five generations mostly took Yan as their name", which is a good name for Yan, and most people thought it was their own name: there was no prime minister in the Tang Dynasty, leaving Xu, a sacrificial official, Shi Yanqiong and a eunuch, Zhi Yanxun. There are iron gun Liang, general, army king, Xie jiedushi, Cangzhou Lu, Kou Yanqing and so on. If the edict had gone so smoothly, I'm afraid there wouldn't have been a war in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
H, "I am old, and people are old"-the name of the Song Dynasty is Senile.
"Zuo Zhuan" said: "Sixty sticks are in the countryside, seventy sticks are in the country, and eighty sticks are in the DPRK." The elderly occupy a high position in China society. Driven by self-esteem, old literati like to decline before they are old. Han Yu has a saying: "Although I am not forty years old, my eyes are wide and my teeth are shaking." After reading it, there is no one but pity. I don't know that I have fallen into the "old" of selling old people.
Gifted scholars are often named after words such as "Lao", "Lao", "Lao" and "Father", and the wind of choosing words was very popular in the Song Dynasty. Ma Xulun's "Reading Continuation" said:
"Song people claim to be old, which is a temporary trend. Recently, friends called each other, and there was a saying called old man. Young and old are young and old, and old are hairy. Do you respect getting old before you get old? "
Named after Lao: Xiangtang Lao, Li Shang Lao, Zhao Zi Lao, Mengyuan Lao, etc.
Named after the elderly: Liu Wencuo, De Rongcuo, Tang Xincuo, Lan Mingcuo, etc.
Named after Weng: Nai De Weng, Moon Hee Weng, Zhang, Cheng Chu Weng, etc.
Named after the father (father): Liu Qifu, Sheng Shenfu, Lian Xiangfu, Wang Jifu, etc.
In addition, Song people like to name generations with five elements. If gold produces water, then father gold produces water; Aquatic wood, the father of Shuizimu, the father of Zhu, Song, the second son, and the eldest grandson's name is not obvious, while Xuansunling, from Zhu to the Five Dynasties, was named after the Five Elements, and Sun Kan, a great traitor of the same generation, was also an example of the Five Elements.
I, "slave" and "brother"-Liao, Jin and Yuan people specialize in it.
After reading the three histories of Liao, Jin and Yuan, it is shocking that the slave brothers are full of paper and the words are vulgar, which makes people unbearable. The masters of the three dynasties were nomadic people, advocating force and practicing vulgar civilization. They are reflected in people's names, from the top to the middle box, government ministers, to the people. They don't pay attention to their own names and often call them slaves and brothers. However, compared with pig manure and dogs that pick up the dregs of China culture, it is more elegant to weigh seven pounds and eight pounds.
There are many names of brothers and slaves in the catalogue of three histories, which fully proves the strange phenomenon that people were slaves and brothers were fashionable at that time.
One is religious, such as Guanyin slave, Manjusri slave, King Kong slave, Lohan slave, Buddha slave and Sambo slave. , is still an elegant name;
Second, it is slave-like. Such as slaves, beggars, hundreds of slaves, big slaves, royal slaves, official slaves, and Xie slaves. , or slaves of the public or slaves of the family;
Third, contemptible. Such as iron brother, bald brother, oblique brother, sloppy and indecent; Begging brother, slave brother, hi brother, A Mu brother, full of slaves; Brother Qian, brother Chen, brother Chang, brother Angkor and brother Liu are the names that people today will serve next time.
Fourth, it is foreign. For example, Temuge, Pununing, Cige, Yinmuge and so on. It is a combination of foreign words "ge" and "slave".
The naming of Jia's minions and eldest brothers is the first sign of the localization of foreign languages. With the occupation for a long time, Chinese culture seeped in and the two cultures blended with each other. From each other, you take a little from me and I strip a little from you, and then there is the matter that Jin people add more Chinese names, and the Yuan Dynasty * * * uses Mongolian names.
Jin's name is like Taizu's real name Aguda, also known as: Taizong's real name is Wuqimai, also known as Sheng, Erdou is also known as Zongjun, and Erdou is also known as Zongfu.
* * * Mongolia was very famous in the Yuan Dynasty. With the conquest of China by Mongolian forces, the names of Mongols also invaded the historical gardens of China, such as the Jatar Hui people in Ibn Prefecture; Pingchang Zhang Batu; Liu Halabha, a native of Jiangxi; Cui Yu's fine print follows the wood and so on. At that time, "* * * were all proud of this Mongolian name, and ... imitated it more." It's like "My name is George Zhang abroad and my name is George Zhang at home". They are all out-and-out cultural soft eggs.
In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the population increased, except for some rules and regulations influenced by politics, names were not very popular. In the Qing Dynasty, Manchu people used Chinese names other than their own names and added more font names to make them the same. Since the May 4th Movement, the variation of names is mostly due to social factors, and there is a monograph behind it, so I won't elaborate here.
The fashionable "blower" created by cultural factors has caused hurricanes in past dynasties and caused many waves in the field of names. With the weakening of cultural strength, the influence of economic, military and political factors is gradually strengthened, and the influence of society on names is increasingly far-reaching.
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