Ji Yun
● Ji Yun
Ji Yun (1724- 1805), whose real name is Xiaolan, whose real name is Chunfan, whose real name is Shi Yun, a Taoist in Guan Yi. Because there is a huge Taihu stone in Hufangqiao apartment in Beijing, it is also called the old man with solitary stone. Xian county (now Cui Erzhuang, Cang County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province) was the Hejian House in Zhili in Qing Dynasty. His great-grandfather, Ji Kun, was born in the late Ming Dynasty. Wen Neng is the author of "The Legacy of Examination Hall". His father Ji, whose word is late, was a Cisco scholar in the fifty-second year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. He once worked in the Ministry of Punishment and the Ministry of Housing, and was the magistrate of Yao 'an in Yunnan, so he was called Yao 'an Gong. Zhong has Tang Yunkao, Du Lvshu, Yutai Xinyong Kao and so on. Rong was married for three times. She was originally married to Mrs. Antai Shengzhuo (the word is sunny lake), followed by Mrs. Zhang Taifu's death, and followed by Mrs. Zhang Taifu's sister who had never seen the ancients before her death. She died on February 14, the tenth year of Renzong Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, at the age of 82. After his death, he was buried in South Village and North Village of Cuierzhuang. His wife, Mrs Ma, has four sons and three daughters: your eldest son. Gan Long, a friend of mine, died young, leaving a "half-boat poem banknote" in the world; The second son, Ruchuan, was a judge of Jiujiang Prefecture, and jiangning house was a tongzhi; The third son, like you, was once a county magistrate in Guangdong; Four sons, you billion. The eldest daughter married Lu (Juren), the grandson of Lu Jianzeng (), the ambassador of salt transportation in Huaibei; The second daughter married into the cabinet book and promised with the military aircraft; Three daughters, Ge Yuan's son, died unmarried at the age of ten. There is also a grandson of eleven people. His grandson is Shu Xin, Yin Sheng, the official department of Yunnan Silangzhong, and the magistrate of Yichang.
At the age of twenty-four, Ji Yun won the first place in Shuntian after having obtained the provincial examination, and was a scholar at the age of thirty-one. He is brilliant, quick-thinking and studious. Today, as he claimed, Bogutong "painted a yellow dialogue, kept thinking all night, and galloped with the article." He is broad-minded, witty and humorous, and he is often amazing and interesting, making him famous all over the world. Emperor gaozong of Qianlong appreciated it very much. His lifelong career is full of difficulties and twists and turns. He has been an official for more than 50 years, and has successively served as the examiner of Shanxi rural examination, the examiner of public examination, and presided over the college entrance examination in Fujian Province. He moved to be a bachelor, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, Zuodu suggestion, Ministry of War history, and Ministry of War history, until he co-sponsored the university students, became a prince, and was in charge of imperial academy affairs.
In the thirty-seventh year of Qianlong, Siku Quanshu Museum was opened, with Ji Yun as the editor. This work lasted 19 years, and finally compiled the masterpiece Sikuquanshu. The book is divided into four parts: classics, history, books and collections, with a total of 79,937 volumes. Seven manuscripts were kept in Wen Yuan, Wensu, Wen Yuan, Jinwen, Wen Hui, Wenzong and Wen Lan. This book is called the treasure of the Chinese nation. In the process of compiling the book, he also spent eight years carefully writing a 200-volume Summary of Sikuquanshu for more than 10,000 books included in the book, which was praised by Sun Li, a famous literary critic in China, as "a very great academic work."
In addition, he also wrote Notes of Wei Caotang, Concise Catalogue of Wei Caotang's Collection, 32 volumes of Ji Wenda's Legacy Collection (the last 16 volumes of articles and 16 volumes of poems), 10 volumes of Wen Xin Diao Long Lun, 63 volumes of Table of Officials in Past Dynasties, 4 volumes of Shi Tong Jian Za, 36 volumes of Heyuan Biography and 10 kinds of Jing Yan Tang. (2) Lai Yan? What? What's the matter with you?
In a word, Ji Yun's talents and academic achievements in his life are outstanding and colorful. He once wrote a sentence to himself, two of which: "The sea is like a gull, and the book of life and death is like a mullet", which is a true portrayal of his life. Ji Yun is not only a recognized literary master, academic leader and literary master in Qing Dynasty, but also a rare cultural giant in the cultural history of China and even the world.
● Ji Yun
Ji Yun (1724 ~ 1805) was a scholar and writer in Qing dynasty. The word Xiaolan means spring sail. Zhili? a target = _ blank href =/view/ 18876 . htm & gt。 Url] Hebei) people. Qianlong Jinshi, official to the history of the Ministry of rites, co-organizer of the university. After he died, he died.
Ji Yun is knowledgeable and good at textual research and exegesis. Gan compiled Sikuquanshu, with him as the editor-in-chief, and presided over the compilation of 200 volumes of Sikuquanshu General Catalogue, which discussed the theme of each book and the origin of the works, examined the gains and losses, and discriminated the characters. It was a masterpiece representing the achievements of bibliography in Qing Dynasty.
In Ji Yun's poems, most of them should be works that value harmony and praise virtue, which belong to the typical "Langmiao literature". Several poems expressing feelings and traveling are still fresh in my memory. Urumqi Miscellaneous Poems 160 was composed by Ji Yun when he was recalled to Urumqi two years later. They describe the local people, widely reflect the social situation in Xinjiang, have beautiful tones and rich ballads, and have certain characteristics in content and art.
Ji Yun's literary criticism is mainly found in the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu and several book prefaces (such as the Preface of Ai Dingtang's Legacy Collection, the Preface of Xiangting Manuscript, the Preface of Yunlin Poetry, the Preface of Tianhou Yan Song Poetry, the Preface of YiLuXuan Poetry and the Preface of 432 Peak Poetry). ), and Wen Xin Diao Long. Although his literary criticism standard is still not divorced from the traditional view of Confucianism, it is not rigid and easier to approach.
He admits that "the rules and regulations of articles change with the times" and "poetry changes with the times", and thinks that the evolution of literature depends on "fate" and "fashion", emphasizing that future generations of literature should not only "propose" but also "change" the previous generation of literature. In terms of artistic style, they should affirm "genre", oppose "portal" and oppose the habit of "not distinguishing right from wrong, but only fighting for victory or defeat". When Ji Yun presided over the imperial examination in his later years, it was indeed a breakthrough to use the contents of literary history and literary criticism as topic counselors.
Ji Yun's main creative achievements are embodied in his collection of notes and novels, Notes of Yuewei Caotang. This book includes six volumes of Summer in Luanyang, four volumes of So I Smell, four volumes of Huaixi Magazine, four volumes of Listening to Gu Juming, and six volumes of Continued Records of Luanyang, with a total of ***24 volumes (65,438+0,000 notes), which is the fifty-fourth year of his old age (65.
Yuewei Caotang Notes evolved from the notes novels of the Six Dynasties: the content is complex, involving heaven and earth, not limited to strangeness, and the narrative story is simple, simple and interesting. As far as ideological content is concerned, although there are many advantages in admonishing and punishing, talking about karma and propagating feudal ethics, there are also some merits. The author opposes Song Confucianism's empty talk about sex, harsh comments on feelings, and many cynicism about Taoism, such as Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4, Wuyi Yishang, Volume 21, and About Erzeng Bozu. Deception and deception of the world and human feelings are also exposed from time to time. There are many fables about ghost foxes, such as the first volume of Cao Sinong's Bamboo Talk in vain, the sixth volume of Xu Nanjin's Story, and the twenty-third volume of Dai Dong's Words, which are quite authentic. The author is against being rich and cruel, against abusing slaves, and shows some tolerance and sympathy for the resistance and revenge of the lower classes, such as the escape of the child bride, the elder words of Zhou Jingyuan, and the prostitute playing the rich room and valley. Stories such as Old River Soldiers in Cangzhou (Volume 16) and Hunting in Tang Dynasty in Huizhou (Volume 11) reflect the integrity, simplicity and wisdom of the working people, which are particularly good.
In art, the style of writing is concise, not redundant or stagnant, with clear narrative twists and turns, and some stories can be called meaningful sketches; The disadvantage is that there are many discussions and sometimes it is not appropriate. In addition, there are many insights and materials for reference when commenting on poems, discussing textual research, narrating anecdotes and narrating customs.
Yuewei Caotang Notes is a unique work in China's ancient note novels. Lu Xun commented: "Ji Yun is a long writer and a common secretary, but he is also broad-minded. Therefore, people who measure the situation of ghosts and gods, send people to express their opinions, and if they want to be witty, it is enough to solve the problem; There are textual researches and sentiments. " The narrative is elegant and full of natural interest, so no one can take its place behind it, and it is not just a matter of borrowing and expecting. "("A Brief History of China's Novels ")
Ji Yun's poems were collected by later generations into Ji Wenda's Public Legacy Collection, each volume 16.
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Liuluoguo
Liu Liuyong, a native of Gaomi, Shandong Province, was born in Qing Dynasty.
1. After Liu Yong's death, posthumous title was "civilized", so its image as an honest official is basically beyond doubt.
2. Liu Yong was a scholar in Qianlong Dynasty, but he had never been a scholar or a juror before. As we all know, the imperial examination is based on the level of scholar, scholar, juren and Jinshi. Liu Yong was able to take the Jinshi exam directly because his family was an official and a princeling at that time.
Liu Yong's calligraphy is a must, and he is one of the four great calligraphers in Qing Dynasty.
Liu Yong was born in a scholarly family. 1652-1812 * *160 years, there were more than 90 males, of whom 1 1 passed the imperial examination, and 35 of them passed the imperial examination. It's not easy, because it's difficult to get into Jinshi in Qing Dynasty. At the minimum, there were only 89 scholars in China, and at the maximum, there were only over 360. Like Shaanxi, there was only one scholar in the Qing Dynasty, that is, Wang Jie. This also reflects the prosperity of Liu Yong's family in Qing Dynasty.
The peak of Liu Yong's political career is his father Liu Tongxun. Liu Tongxun was one of the most important ministers in the middle and early Qianlong period. He has been the chief teacher of the three ministers of Ministry of Industry, Ministry of Official Affairs and Ministry of Punishment, and the minister of Shang Shufang, University of Dongting, imperial academy and Military Aircraft. Only the gentleman in the late Qianlong period can compare with him. Qianlong trusted Liu Tongxun as much as the gentry after him. Liu Tongxun was honest and conscientious all his life. 1774, he died of illness on the way to the imperial court. Emperor Qianlong paid a New Year call to his family, and the sedan chair came to Liu Tongxun's house, because the door was too small to get in, which showed Liu Tongxun's honesty. On the way back to the palace, Gan Long was so sad that she shed tears and lamented that I lost an arm when Tong Xun died. Posthumous title "Zheng Wen" ranks behind Liu Tongxun, and this posthumous title is a high honor. Only eight ministers in the Qing Dynasty won this honor after their death. Liu Tongxun was the second minister to win the posthumous title, and the first was Yu Chenglong of the Kangxi Dynasty.
6. Liu Yong is very literary. When he was a scholar, a minister suggested that he be the top scholar. Later, Liu Tongxun stopped him.
7. There was no post of prime minister in the Qing Dynasty, and Liu Yong never entered the military department, the core of power. Therefore, the word "Prime Minister" of Prime Minister Liu Zhong is debatable.
Although Liu Yong is an honest official, he is far less honest than his father. In fact, Liu Yong in the middle and late period is quite slick. Moreover, in reality, Liu Yong did not fight against the literary inquisition as described in the TV series, and even he was the initiator of the two literary inquisitions (according to the Qing law at that time, there were indeed taboo languages and thoughts in these two incidents, not that Liu Yong was out of thin air). Therefore, it can be said that Liu Yong is loyal to his duties, conscientious and a loyal minister. It can also be said that Liu Yong is an honest official. But when it comes to integrity, he is not as good as his father Liu Tongxun or even his grandfather Bai Liu. Therefore, after his death, posthumous title was only "Wen Qing" and didn't get the highest evaluation of "Zheng Wen" like his father.
According to historians, Liu Yong is humorous in his life. With He Shen as an official for 20 years, he is 30 years older than He Shen. So it should be said that he occasionally jokes with He Shen, which makes He Shen a little embarrassed. But if Liu Yong is the enemy of corrupt officials, it is a fiction made up by novelists, because Liu Yong does not have this strength, and the second is not in line with his character.
10, Liu Yong was not born. Liu's name is actually from the Jiaqing period. At that time, Liu Yong was over 80 years old, and his back was hunched when he was old. Emperor Jiaqing jokingly called him Liu Tuozi, hence the title of Liu.
It's finally over. This liuyong may be very different from Premier Liu in everyone's mind, but history is history, and this is the real Liu. Even more venerable is his father Liu Tongxun. However, such people actually exist, not to mention ancient times, and even in modern China, only Premier Zhou has such great personality and charm. In other words, the real Great Sage in reality is really hard to find!