Yang 1 922 ~), a Chinese-American theoretical physicist,1922+1October1was born in Hefei County, Anhui Province (including Hefei). In the Physics Department of The National SouthWest Associated University, he completed his bachelor's thesis under the guidance of Wu Dayou. 1942 After graduation, he entered the graduate school for further study and studied statistical physics under the guidance of teacher Wang Zhuxi. 1945, he went to America and became a graduate student at the University of Chicago. Influenced by E Fermi, he finished his doctoral thesis under the guidance of his tutor E Taylor. 1948 received the doctorate from 1948 ~ 1949, and worked as a faculty member at the university of Chicago. From 1955 to 1966, he was a professor at the institute, and from 1966, he was the Einstein chair professor of physics at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, and he was the director of the newly established Institute of Theoretical Physics at the university. The President of the United States awarded him the National Science and Technology Award of 1985. 1984 65438+On February 27th, Peking University awarded Yang Zhenning the honorary professor certificate. Yang Zhenning has made extensive contributions to physics, including particle physics, statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics. In addition to discovering parity non-conservation with Li Zhengdao, Yang Zhenning was the first to put forward the "Young-Mills gauge field" with R.L. Mills and established the "Young-Backus equation" with R.Baxter. Taylor, an outstanding nuclear physicist in the United States who is known as the "father of hydrogen bombs", believes that Yang Zhenning's work in gauge field theory "should win the Nobel Prize for the second time". Wu Jianxiong's teacher, Sergei, a famous American physicist and Nobel Prize winner, believes that three theoretical physicists can be called all-rounders in these decades: Feynman, Landau and Yang Zhenning. They have made great contributions in very different fields, and there are not many such talents.
Li Zhengdao is an American physicist. 1926165438+1was born in Shanghai, China, and originally from Suzhou, Jiangsu. 1944- 1946 studied in Zhejiang university and The National SouthWest Associated University successively. He entered the Graduate School of Physics Department of the University of Chicago from 1946, and received his doctorate from 1950 in June. 1953- 1960 used to be an assistant professor, associate professor and professor at Columbia University, 1960- 1963 was a professor at Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies, 1964 was a Fermi physics teacher at Columbia University, and 1984 was a professor at Columbia University.
Professor Li Zhengdao has won the Nobel Prize in Physics (1957), the Einstein Prize in Science (1957), the Bourdieu Medal of the French National Academy of Sciences (1969, 1977), the galileo galilei Medal (1979) and Yi. He is a member of American Academy of Arts (1959), American National Academy of Sciences (1964), Italian Lin Qin Academy of Sciences (1986) and Taiwan Province Academia Sinica (1957).
Qian Xuesen (191.12.11-) is a scientist in the fields of applied mechanics, aerospace technology and systems engineering. Born in Shanghai, ancestral home in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. 1934 graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University. 1936 received a master's degree from MIT. 1938 received his doctorate from California Institute of Technology. 1955 returned to China. He used to be the chairman and honorary chairman of China theoretical and applied mechanics Society, China Automation Society, China Systems Engineering Society and China Aerospace Society. He is currently a researcher at the National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Committee. In his early years, he did pioneering work in many fields of applied mechanics and rocket and missile technology. Many theories put forward by independent research and cooperation with von Carmen have laid the foundation for the development of applied mechanics, aviation engineering and rocket and missile technology. After returning to China, he served as the technical director of rocket, missile and satellite development for a long time, and made outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of China's missile and space industry. Creative research has been made in many theoretical fields, such as engineering cybernetics, systems engineering and systems science, thinking science and humanities, Marxist philosophy and so on, and great contributions have been made. 1956 won the first prize of Natural Science Award of China Academy of Sciences; 1985 won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress; 199 1 was awarded the honorary title of "National Outstanding Contribution Scientist" and the first-class English Model Medal by the State Council and the Central Military Commission. Academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1994 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Engineering.
Wang was born in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, male, 1907. 1929 graduated from Tsinghua University. 1934 received a doctorate in physics from the University of Berlin, Germany, and returned to China before the Anti-Japanese War. He has taught in Shandong University and Zhejiang University. He has served as vice president and vice minister of the Ninth Research and Design Institute of the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry, director and honorary director of the Institute of Atomic Energy, and deputy director of the Ministry of Science and Technology. He has served as vice chairman and honorary chairman of the Chinese Physical Society, chairman and honorary chairman of the China Nuclear Society, scientific and technological consultant of China National Nuclear Corporation, and vice chairman of China Association for Science and Technology. Wang has made great achievements in particle physics, and 65438-0955 was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences. In the early years, people put forward a new method to study the performance of high-energy rays with cloud chamber. In the early 1940s, a creative experimental method was put forward, in which light nuclei captured electrons in the K shell to produce recoil neutrinos and release them. During his work in the 1 1 National Joint Nuclear Research Institute, the leader first discovered the anti-fitness negative hyperon. Antiparticles with strange quarks produced by the interaction of elementary particles were observed for the first time. He guided the principle test of China's nuclear weapons and the design of neutron generator, and made outstanding contributions to the research and trial-manufacture of China's first atomic bomb and first hydrogen bomb. 1964 put forward the idea of laser irradiation of deuterium and tritium to produce neutrons, which was later proved by experiments and made a pioneering work for later inertial confinement fusion to obtain nuclear energy.
Wu () (1897 ~ 1977), Chinese physicist and educator, 1947 was born in Gao 'an, Jiangxi Province on April 26th. 1920 graduated from Nanjing Normal University. 192 1 went to the United States to study physics with Compton, and received his doctorate in 1926. /kloc-returned to China in the autumn of 0/926 and taught at Jiangxi University and Central University successively. 1928 Since autumn, he has served as Professor Tsinghua University, Head of Physics Department and Dean of Science College (including 8 years in The National SouthWest Associated University after 1938). 1945 10 President of Central University. 1948 Professor of Shanghai Jiaotong University. 1949 served as the director of the school Committee. In the summer of 1950, he served as the director of the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the same year, he served as the vice president of China Academy of Sciences from 12, and Wu served as the chairman of the Chinese Physical Society. 1977 165438+ died in Beijing on1October 30th.
Zhou (1929 ~), a native of Changsha, Hunan, 195 1 graduated from the Physics Department of Tsinghua University, and 1954 graduated from Peking University Research Institute. He has worked and visited the Dubna Joint Nuclear Research Institute of the former Soviet Union, Virginia Tech and the European Nuclear Center in Geneva for a long time. He has made many important contributions in the field of theoretical physics. In particle physics, an important theorem of CP destruction is strictly proved. 1960 deduced the partial conservation theorem of pseudovector flow (PCAC), which greatly promoted the theory of weak interaction, so he was internationally recognized as one of the founders of PCAC. He first introduced the concept of spiral amplitude and its corresponding mathematical description; He also used the dispersion relation theory to do a lot of theoretical research work on very important photonuclear reactions. He organized and led many young people to do a lot of meaningful research work on the unification of interaction, CP destruction, coset gauge field, nonlinear σ model, effective Lagrangian theory, supersymmetry breaking, large-scale topological properties of quantum field theory and its relationship with anomalies. In condensed matter physics, the group he led developed the mathematical form of the unified theory of non-equilibrium state-closed-circuit Green's function method. He also participated in and organized the theoretical research, design and test of China's nuclear weapons. 1985 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. He was the president of China Academy of Sciences and the president of China Association for Science and Technology.
Qian Sanqiang, born in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 19 13, male, party member, nuclear physicist, academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1936 graduated from the Department of Physics in Tsinghua University, and then went to the Curie Laboratory of the University of Paris and the Nuclear Chemistry Laboratory of the French Academy to study nuclear physics, obtaining a doctorate. 1946 won the Henri Bader Microphysics Award of the French Academy of Sciences. /kloc-returned to China in 0/948, and served as a professor of physics department in Tsinghua University, director of the Institute of Atomic Energy of Beiping Research Institute, director of the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (later renamed as the Institute of Atomic Energy), director and deputy secretary-general of the Planning Bureau, deputy director of the Second Machinery Department, vice president of China Academy of Sciences, chairman of Chinese Physics Society, honorary chairman of China Nuclear Society, and invited consultant of China Academy of Sciences. 1992 died. One of the pioneers and founders of atomic energy in China. In 1950s, he led the construction of the first heavy water atomic reactor, the first cyclotron and a number of important instruments and equipment in China. China's research work on reactor physics, reactor engineering technology, brazing chemistry radiobiology, radioisotope preparation, high-energy accelerator technology and controlled thermonuclear fusion has been carried out one after another. After the Soviet government stopped its technical assistance to China, on the one hand, it quickly transferred a group of outstanding nuclear science and technology experts to the Second Engine Department to be directly responsible for tackling key problems in all aspects of atomic bomb development; On the other hand, joint research with relevant leading organizations of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Many key technologies were solved in time, which made important contributions to the successful development of the first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb. As early as 1960, two research groups of neutron physics theory and experiment organized by the Atomic Energy Institute carried out the pre-research work of hydrogen bombs, made theoretical preparations for the development of hydrogen bombs, and made contributions to the development of hydrogen bombs in China only two years and eight months after the first atomic bomb exploded.
Huang Kun (19 19.9.2-) is a Chinese physicist. A native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, entered the Physics Department of yenching university from 65438 to 0937. Because of his excellent academic performance, he won a scholarship from the school every year. 1944 studied in Britain, and 1947 received his doctorate. 1980 was elected as a foreign scientific academician of Swedish Institute; 1985 became an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. His theory of X-ray scattering caused by impurity defects in 1947 solid is a powerful means to study impurity defects in solid. 1950, Huang Kun first put forward the quantum theory of multi-phonon radiation and non-radiation transition in the University of Liverpool, England, and published the theory of light absorption and non-radiation transition in Center F under the signature of Iv Rees (who later became his wife), which is internationally known as "Huang Ellis" theory. 195 1 put forward the basic equation of motion about the optical properties of solids, and put forward the coupled oscillation mode of phonons and electromagnetic waves in crystals for the first time in the article "On the Interaction between Electromagnetic Fields and Ionic Crystals", which was confirmed by international Raman scattering experiments in 1963 and named polaron, thus triggering the 1972 polaron international topic. At present, polaron has become a basic form of motion in the study of solid optical properties, and the equation of motion proposed by Huang Kun at that time is called "Yellow Equation" internationally. His most influential work was Lattice Dynamics published in 1954, which established his position as the founder of this subject.
Deng Jiaxian (1924- 1986) is a famous nuclear physicist and an academician of China Academy of Sciences. Deng Jiaxian's grandfather was a famous calligrapher and seal engraver in Qing Dynasty, and his father was a famous aesthete and art historian. After the July 7th Incident, the whole family stayed in Beijing, 16-year-old Deng Jiaxian went to Jiangjin, Sichuan with her sister to finish high school. 194 1 to 1945 studied in the Physics Department of National Southwest Associated University, and studied under famous professors such as Wang Zhuxi and Zheng Huachi. 1945 After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Deng Jiaxian taught in the Physics Department of Peking University. 1June, 948, Deng Jiaxian went to Purdue University, Indiana, USA for postgraduate study, and received his Ph.D. in physics in June, 950. On the 9th day after he got his degree, he boarded the ship returning home. After returning to China, Deng Jiaxian worked as an assistant researcher in the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, engaged in nuclear theory research. 1958 In August, he was transferred to the newly-built Nuclear Weapons Research Institute as the director of the theoretical department, responsible for leading the theoretical design of nuclear weapons. Later, he served as deputy director and director of the Institute, vice president and dean of the Ninth Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry, and deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense. Deng Jiaxian is the main organizer and leader of China's nuclear weapons research and development, and is known as the "father of the two bombs". In the research of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, Deng Jiaxian led the basic theoretical research of detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state and neutron transport, completed the theoretical scheme of atomic bomb, and participated in guiding the detonation simulation test of nuclear test. After the success of the atomic bomb test, Deng Jiaxian organized forces to explore the design principles and selected technical approaches of the hydrogen bomb. He led and personally participated in the development and experiment of China's first hydrogen bomb in 1967. 1July 29th, 986, Deng Jiaxian died.
Wu Jianxiong, a nuclear physicist (19 12 ~ 1997), was born in Jiji Town, Taicang County, Jiangsu Province on May 3, 2002 (April 29th of the lunar calendar). She comes from a scholarly family. Father Wu Cuoyi founded Mingde Women's Vocational Tutorial School in his hometown. Because his parents advocated equality between men and women, Wu Jianxiong was able to read and write like his brother from an early age. After finishing primary school in my hometown, 1923 was admitted to Suzhou Jiang No.2 Women's Normal School, and 1927 graduated from the normal school with excellent results as a primary school teacher. Two years later, he was admitted to the Department of Mathematics of Nanjing National Central University and transferred to the Department of Physics one year later. 1934 After receiving his bachelor's degree, he was employed as a teaching assistant in the Physics Department of Zhejiang University, and was later assigned to the Academia Sinica for research work. He entered the University of California on 1936, received his doctorate on 1940, and married Dr. Yuan Jialiu in the United States on 1942. 1944 participated in the "Manhattan Project" (developing atomic bombs), 1952 served as an associate professor at Columbia University, and 1958 was promoted to professor. In the same year, Princeton University awarded her the title of honorary doctor of science and was elected as a member of the American Academy of Sciences. From 1972, she was promoted to Pubin Professor of Physics until 1958. 1975, she was the first female president of american physical society. In the same year, she was awarded the National Science Medal by President Ford at the White House, which is the highest scientific honor in the United States. 1978, she won the Wolf Prize in Israel. Wu Jianxiong was appointed honorary professor of Jiu Nan University, Peking University and China University of Science and Technology, and member of the Academic Committee of Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Wu Jianxiong is the most outstanding female experimental physicist in the world, known as "Queen of Nuclear Physics", "Madame Curie of China" and "First Lady of Physical Science".