Chinese Studies symbolizes the culture of a country. You can go and watch the lectures given by the master of Chinese Studies Zhai Hongshen_
The trial teaching of the enlightenment course of Chinese Studies
0. About Chinese Studies and the Enlightenment of Chinese Studies
1. The scope of Chinese Studies
A minimum bibliography of Chinese Studies (Hu Shi)
Preface: This bibliography is what I promised Hu Jundun of Tsinghua School Yuan and four other people drafted it. They are all teenagers who are going to study abroad. I really want to gain knowledge of traditional Chinese culture in a short period of time. Therefore, when I drafted this bibliography, I did not envision it for people with a solid foundation in Chinese studies, but only for ordinary young people who wanted to acquire some systematic knowledge of Chinese studies.
He first listed more than 100 books, but later deleted them again upon request, saying that the following books could not be omitted:
"Answers to the Bibliography" and "The Lotus Sutra" "Zuo Zhuan", "Dictionary of Chinese Famous Names", "Amitabha Sutra", "Selected Works", "Nine Kinds of Chronicles", "Tan Sutra", "Yuefu Poetry Collection", "Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy", "Song and Yuan Academic Cases", "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty", "Laozi", "Ming Dynasty" "Confucianism Case", "Song Poetry Notes", "Four Books", "Wang Linchuan Collection", "Sixty Poems of Song Dynasty", "Mozi's Interpretation", "Zhuzi Chronicle", "One Hundred Yuan Songs", "Xunzi's Annotations", "Wang Wenchenggong Complete Collection", "History of Operas of the Song and Yuan Dynasties", "Han Feizi", "Introduction to the Academics of the Qing Dynasty", "Zui Baiqiu", "Collected Works of Huainan Honglie", "Chronology of Zhang Shizhai", "Water Margin", "Li of Zhou", "Cui Dongbi's Posthumous Letters", "Journey to the West" and "Lunheng" "New Learning Apocrypha", "The Scholars", "Buddhist Sutra", "Collected Poems" and "Dream of Red Mansions"
In short, "Chinese Studies" should include the excellent culture that has been passed down in China for thousands of years: Collection of Classics and History, Poems, verses, couplets and idioms, chess, calligraphy and painting, folk songs and folk songs, as well as Indian Buddhism and Western culture that were imported later, were integrated into this long river.
2. The enlightenment of Chinese studies as I understand it
1) Let students have a certain understanding of the language and characters of the motherland and their wonderful combinations, and then really fall in love with the language and characters of the motherland.
2) Guide students to enter the elegance of the traditional and excellent culture of the motherland, and be willing and diligent to find their own way to "enter the classroom."
3) Inspire and guide students to worship culture, get rid of impetuousness and become calm.
4) Help students complete early cultural accumulation (before the age of thirteen) for lifelong benefit.
5) Cultivate as many "little gentlemen" as possible who are not only knowledgeable but also educated.
1. The significance of the Chinese Studies Enlightenment Course
1. "Becoming a craftsman" and "becoming famous", becoming a "family"
Everything is called "family" , most of them have profound cultural heritage. Qian Sanqiang, Qian Xuesen, Su Buqing, Hua Luogeng, Zhang Daqian, Huang Yongyu, etc. do not have a profound cultural heritage and can only be craftsmen. Even if chance comes, a skilled craftsman among craftsmen may become famous or even a hit, but he is still a craftsman. Craftsmen seek skills, and families seek Tao. Zhuangzi borrowed the words of the cook Ding and said: "What I like is Tao, which is more advanced than skill." This is the difference.
2. Chinese studies are a part of quality education in the true sense and a comprehensive quality in humanities
About "Philosophy is the crystallization of natural science and social science. Scientific summary and summary”. The thoughts of various scholars in Chinese studies are all unique philosophical thoughts, which can cultivate people's comprehensive humanistic qualities. People with good qualities are still afraid of exams or competitions?
3. Chinese Studies treats the root cause rather than the symptoms
“I don’t teach you to cure diseases, I tell you how not to get sick.” The enlightenment of Chinese Studies is not to teach children to get high scores in the recent exams, but to It helps children to stand tall throughout their lives.
2. What is taught in the Chinese Studies Enlightenment Course (four classes per week, 15 weeks per semester*** 60 classes)
First grade: Disciples of Zengguang Xianwen Zhu Zi’s Family Instructions 40 myths, fables and allusions from the Gui San Zi Jing (original text) 60 idioms from Qiong Lin's poems from the past dynasties for kindergarten, 600 commonly used characters, 30 lexicon concepts
Second grade: Collection of Famous Sages, Thousand Character Essays on the Dragon, Whip Shadow, Analects of Confucius, Mencius University Doctrinal Classic of Mountains and Seas, Mongolian parallel verses, 120 idioms from past dynasties, 900 rhymes and common sense, 60 commonly used words and concepts
Grade 3: Book of Changes, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi, Book of Rites, Hundreds of Parables, 120 idioms from past dynasties. 900 Li Weng rhyme couplets, 90 commonly used characters in general knowledge
Fourth grade: Guiguzi’s grandson Mozi Xunzi Han Feizi Lu’s spring and autumn poems 120 idioms 900 poetry rhythms common knowledge character families 60 groups
Fifth grade: The Historical Records of Guoyu and the Warring States Policy of Shangshu Zuozhuan (excerpts from original records, aristocratic families and biographies) Zizhi Tongjian (original story) Biographies of celebrities after the Song Dynasty (original excerpts) 120 poems from past dynasties, 900 idioms, 60 groups of characters
Sixth grade: Lun Heng Mengxi’s written essays on Xu Xiake’s travel notes, Compendium of Materia Medica (excerpts), Human Words, Weiwei Thatched Cottage Notes, Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, 30 poems from past dynasties, 120 idioms, 900 idioms
Three , the current basic situation of the Chinese Studies enlightenment class
Recite
"Children, read after me!"
Pretend
Pretend, shake your head Wearing ancient costumes and the like; pretending to be pompous, playing ancient music, hundreds of people coming together, dancing with hands and feet.
It’s better than not learning at all, but is it true that “with the passage of time and personal growth, you will slowly understand and appreciate”?
The background and conditions have changed: transportation, gameplay, burdens, and rules. Therefore, "Lu's Spring and Autumn Period? Cha Jin" says: Times have changed, and if you don't follow the changes, it will only make a joke.
4. This is how we carry out the enlightenment education of Chinese studies
"If you take the method from above, you will get it from within; if you take the method from below, you will get it from below; if you take the method from below, you will not get the method."
Talking - Try to combine students' knowledge base, life experience and social reality as closely as possible, and explain the profound things in simple terms.
Question 1: How can "learn and practice from time to time" not be "pleasant"? Reviewing is so boring!
Answer: I have read "Journey to the West" several times. The first time I found it interesting, but the second time I discovered why many monsters are related to gods, Buddhas and Bodhisattvas? The third time I discovered that the Jade Emperor was the leader who would send monkeys to look after peaches... Do you think it was worth "saying"? ......
Question 2: Why is it worth "joying" to have friends come from afar?
Answer to lower grade students: Is it worthwhile to have children come all the way to discuss homework with you, have oral conversations, and compete in memorizing poems?
Answer to middle school students: Learning and communication is something that is beneficial to both parties. If you know one question, he will know another question. If he teaches you and you teach him, each person will know two questions. No. It's like exchanging pencils for two people, or each person only has one pen.
Answer to senior students: Learning without friends means being ignorant.
Why is "a person who does not know but is not stunned" a "gentleman"?
"Gentleman" refers to a person who is cultivated and knowledgeable.
Answer to junior students: If the teacher doesn’t ask you to answer a question but asks someone else to answer it, you don’t care. You are just a little gentleman.
Answer to middle school students: The school selects people to participate in a certain competition. If this is your strength but you are not selected, you are not angry. You are a gentleman.
Answer to senior students: There are many people who are unrecognized for their talents, but some people blame others and others. Some people deal with it calmly. Who do you think has the self-cultivation?
"I have never seen anyone who loves virtue as much as he is lustful."
Before I started talking, the children pointed and laughed around the word "lust". I told them: "Color" means appearance, "love virtue" refers to advocating virtue, and "love lust" means paying attention to appearance. Confucius said, "I have never seen anyone paying as much attention to virtue as they do to appearance." That is to say. It is said that people pay more attention to appearance and less to virtue.
"It's boring!" A little guy muttered.
A similar situation also occurs when talking about "when you are young, your blood is not yet determined, and you should be wary of sex."
Recommendation - Try to help students correctly understand the original meaning, internalize it into their own ideology, stimulate potential and form new potential, and use it throughout their lives.
Who is Confucius?
I told the children in the lower grades that Confucius was a teacher, but he was very old, more than 2,000 years old;
I told the children in the middle grades that Confucius was a teacher. He was the first private school in China, with 3,000 students.
Senior students asked me: What kind of person is an educator? Why is Confucius called a saint? I said that teaching a child to know a word is called a teacher, teaching a child to know how to use the word is called a teacher, teaching a child to use the word on himself and allowing others to imitate is called an educator; being extraordinary is to become a saint, as Confucius said The teacher is not an ordinary teacher. Just looking at the subjects he teaches: etiquette, music, calligraphy, arithmetic, archery, and horsemanship (i.e., the six arts), it is not something that ordinary teachers can do. A teacher who can teach anyone must be able to teach everything. The teaching is not very good. In fact, this is true for ordinary teachers, but it is not the case for special people. Therefore, Confucius also said: A gentleman has no tools.
Why did the ancients feel so homesick?
Question: Why did the ancients feel so homesick? It seems pretty miserable.
Answer: You live in Beijing. Do your grandparents live in other places? How are they physically? How is life going? ——Now when I think about it, I immediately pick up the phone and solve the problem. But what about the ancients? Ji Xiaolan is from Hejian, Hebei Province. Now, by car, if there is anything going on between the two places, he can get there in a few hours. But where was he then? It took three days to ride in a carriage and horseback! (Also because he is a high-ranking official, he can change carriages and horses at any time along the way.) For example, if something happens at home, it will take at least several days to be notified. You can imagine Li Bai traveling from Sichuan to Xi'an, Meng Haoran traveling from Hubei to Xi'an,... ...Maybe it was fine when I left, but something happened again a few days later. There was no special post office at that time, and letters were all sent by acquaintances. It would take months or even years to bring a letter. How could you not do that? That's why Du Fu said, "A letter from home is worth ten thousand gold."
Question: Why did Confucius scold his students so viciously? Isn’t he a saint?
Answer: Confucius, a saint, became more and more famous in later generations. At that time, he was just a teacher and principal who ran a special class. This special class was aimed at middle and high-level management, but Fan Chi Sometimes he asked about growing crops and sometimes about growing vegetables. The old master had long been annoyed by his lack of ambition. Now that Jaeyu was sleeping in the middle of the day (there was no condition to study at night), he was bumped into by the old master. Who else could he scold him? There is no good way to scold!
Original text: 1. Fan Chi asked to learn how to farm, and Confucius said: "I am not as good as an old farmer." When he asked to learn how to farm, he said: "I am not as good as an old farmer." Fan Chi came out, and Confucius said: "Young man Oh, Fan Xu! If you are good at courtesy, no one will dare to be disrespectful; if you are good at righteousness, no one will dare to be disobedient; if you are good at trust, no one will be unkind. It’s over; how can we use the crops?”
2. Zaiyu sleeps during the day. The Master said: "Rotten wood cannot be carved, and a wall of dung soil cannot be built. How can I be punished?" The Master said: "In the beginning I was with people, listening to their words and believing in their deeds; now I am with people, listening to their actions. Watch what you say and what you do. ".H/
Memorize - try to use special methods to basically complete the content that needs to be memorized in class, and only need to be familiar with and consolidate it outside class.
Try to retell the introduction of the rules of forgetting in word erasure recitation
Use - try to inspire students to use relevant famous sayings and idioms and allusions in daily life language and composition
- Do you think you are a cunning rabbit with three holes? We can't find you?
——Chang Chai is back, hungry!
——You tripped over the table just after learning "make wide turns without touching the edge", awesome!
——By! Do you know this? Eat without talking, sleep without talking!
——Hey, it’s true that “quality is better than literature and wildness”!
——Isn’t this Yan Hui’s “mean alley”? Why are you in Beijing?
——How can a gentleman use it?
——Huh, the boys in Nancun are so old and helpless!
Introduction - guide students to connect what they have learned and try to get in touch with some things they will learn but have not yet learned.
For example, if we talk about the general summary of "Disciple Regulations", we can quote these paragraphs from "The Analects":
1. The Master said: "Disciple, when you enter, you will be filial, and when you go out, you will be filial. My brother, be sincere and trustworthy, love others and be benevolent. If you have spare capacity in practice, you should study literature."
2. Youzi said: "He is a man who is filial to his younger brother, but is fond of offending his superiors. That's right; there are those who don't like to commit offenses but are fond of causing chaos.
A gentleman should stick to his roots, and the Tao will be born from his roots. Being a filial brother is the foundation of benevolence! ”
3. Confucius said: If a person has no faith, he does not know what he can do. A big cart has no legs and a small cart has no hooks, how can it move!
4. Confucius said: “Quality prevails over literature, which leads to wildness; literature over quality leads to history. Be polite, then be a gentleman. ”
Special requirement - do not take notes between the lines.
5. Regarding the relationship between the enlightenment education of Chinese studies and composition, further education and job hunting
1. The inconsistencies in the composition
Compared with the newness, depth and breadth of the knowledge
2. The "article" and the "article" in the export. "It all refers to patterns, that is, decoration. "When quality is better than literature, it will be wild, and when culture is better than quality, it will be history." Be polite, then be a gentleman. "It can be said of being a person, or of writing, and the decoration must be appropriate. For example, if there is not much actual content but a lot of so-called good words, sentences and even good paragraphs, it is just "history"; in the palace of Chinese studies, although enlightenment is just The basic content is simple, but it is a model of "Binbin" in literary meaning.
3. What are the aspects of "outstanding"? "Every grain is hard work" and "One porridge and one meal, remember that it is hard-earned", and "follow the guidance and be good at it" and "follow the guidance and be good at it" are obviously not the same level of articles.
4 , two students who were admitted and hired under exceptional circumstances