1, horizontal painting and horizontal painting keep the characteristics of official script, often extending to the font boundary or even beyond the boundary;
2. Compared with official script, the glyph is flat and square;
3. The outstanding feature is that the left hand extends to both sides, and the thick strokes and peak lifting before closing the pen make the whole glyph heavy and steady, slightly flying, regular and dynamic, with aesthetic value.
Artistic features:
Wei Bei is a kind of regular script, which is called the three regular script fonts together with Wei Kai, Jin Dynasty regular script and Tang Dynasty regular script. Weibei showed some transitional factors in the development of official script to typical regular script. There were regular scripts in Wei and Jin Dynasties, such as Zhong You's "Xianbiao" and Wang Xizhi's "Huangtingjing", which were relatively mature regular scripts. However, after a large number of intellectuals in the Western Jin Dynasty followed the southern Jin Dynasty, the calligraphy style in the Northern Dynasties was quite different from that in the Southern Dynasties.
Most of the existing inscriptions in the Northern Dynasties are written by anonymous folk calligraphers, which is naturally different from the so-called "verve" calligraphy style of scholars in the Southern Dynasties. Zhong You and Wang Xizhi completed part of the process from official script to official script. The folk calligraphers in the Northern Wei Dynasty did not inherit too many achievements because of the southward crossing of the Jin Dynasty, but followed the development track of the original folk calligraphy, and more directly evolved from the official script in the Han and Wei Dynasties.
Compared with the inscriptions in the Southern Dynasties, Liu Xizai, a book critic in the Qing Dynasty, thought that "the book in the south is Wen Ya, and the book in the north is vigorous"; Compared with Kincaid, Tang Kai paid attention to statutes, and his writing style tended to be standardized and unified, while Wei Bei used his pen freely, and his writing style followed the trend.
Kang Youwei praised the "ten beauties" of Weibei in "Two Boats in Guangyi": "Only the north and the south in ancient and modern times, taking Weibei as an example. What can you live for? There are ten beauties: one is bold, the other is muddy weather, the third is bold brushwork, the fourth is bold point painting, the fifth is fantastic attitude, the sixth is vigorous spirit, the seventh is full of interest, the eighth is profound knowledge, the ninth is natural structure, and the tenth is rich flesh and blood, which is the only ten beauties in Weibei Nanbei. "
Zhong Zhishuai's Xue Xuan Shu Pin said: "Weibei calligraphy inherits the charm of Han Lizhi and opens the voice of Tang Kai." Some regular script writers in the early Tang Dynasty, such as Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang, borrowed from Wei Bei.
Extended data:
Existential form
Weibei refers to the inscriptions and calligraphy works in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The existing characters in Wei Bei are regular script, so these regular script inscriptions are sometimes called "Wei Kai". Weibei, also known as the North Monument, was the longest established in the Northern Dynasties. Later, "Weibei" was used to refer to the inscription calligraphy works of the whole Northern Dynasty, including the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty.
These inscriptions mainly exist in the form of stone tablets, epitaphs and cliff statues.
There are a large number of works by Wei Bei, including thousands of statues found in Longmen Grottoes. These works are mixed. After finishing by predecessors, some works stand out from them and are regarded as representative works of Weibei.
affect
Wei Bei was discovered earlier, but it has never been taken seriously. In some works of calligraphers Ou Yangxun and Chu Suiliang in the Tang Dynasty, we can see the influence of inscriptions in the Northern Dynasties on them. Because of Li Shimin's admiration for Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, the calligraphy style of Jin Dynasty, represented by Wang Shu, has been the mainstream in the Tang Dynasty.
Therefore, on the whole, the regular script in Tang Dynasty inherited the tradition of regular script in Jin Dynasty. Even if Wei Bei was adopted, it was mostly because of the calligrapher's personal interest and style, which failed to form an atmosphere of learning from Wei Bei in general.
The height reached by Tang Kai and its strict laws and regulations made the practice of regular script in later generations procedural and standardized, thus losing creativity. As a result, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang, the four great calligraphers of the Song Dynasty, did not have regular script works comparable to those of the Tang Dynasty, but mainly focused on the creation of running script and cursive script. In the Ming Dynasty, a calligraphy style called "Taige Style" appeared because the selection of scholars in imperial examinations became more and more rigid.
"Taige" regular script is the official font stipulated by the imperial examination, which pursues beauty and elegance and also requires standards and norms. This requirement inhibits the calligrapher's creative personality. The Qing dynasty further evolved into a "cabinet style" and was criticized by "one thousand people".
Epigraphy rose in the early Qing Dynasty, and a large number of inscriptions were unearthed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In calligraphy, people also began to reflect on the disadvantages of "pavilion".
Thus, in the Jiaqing and Daoguang years, Weibei began to be valued by calligraphers and calligraphers, among which Ruan Yuan and Bao were the most powerful advocates in the early stage of Weibei, and Kang Youwei was the latter. Ruan Yuan wrote "On the North Monument and the South Sticking" and "On the North-South Calligraphy School", which initiated the "study of steles"; Bao wrote "Two-cylinder Art Boat" and Kang Youwei wrote "Two-cylinder Art Boat", which contradicted the admiration for Chunhua Pavilion posts since the Song Dynasty, and put forward the viewpoint of "respecting monuments and suppressing posts".
Since then, stele studies have prevailed, and the value of Weibei has been generally recognized. In addition to adopting the method of "Jin and Tang Dynasties", more and more people began to choose Weibei. In addition, Wei Bei has been standardized as "Wei Ti", which is one of the most commonly used Chinese printing fonts. Among all calligraphy styles, cursive script is the farthest style from stele study, the most difficult to practice and the most practical value. Therefore, it should be an advanced form of combining inscriptions with calligraphy.
In 1970s and 1980s, Li Zhimin took the lead in putting forward the proposition of "attracting a monument into the grass" on the basis of learning from previous calligraphers' practical experience in inscription, and made pioneering attempts and explorations.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia: Weibei