What is calligraphy, that is, calligraphy?

China China's calligraphy, also known as "China's calligraphy", is mainly divided into "soft pen calligraphy" and "hard pen calligraphy", which is a unique traditional art and culture in China. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters have been created by working people in China. At first, they appeared in the form of photo notes. After thousands of years of development, it has evolved into today's Chinese characters. Later, ancestors wrote Chinese characters that they thought were beautiful on the sand, which was the earliest calligraphy. Calligraphy came into being because ancestors invented writing with brush. Throughout the ages, writing with brush is the main form. As for other writing forms, such as hard pen and finger writing, their writing rules are not completely different from those of brush writing, but they are basically the same. Based on tracing back to the source (after Oracle Bone Inscriptions), this paper focuses on the laws of writing Chinese characters with brush and cursive writing with brush. As long as we have a "narrow" understanding of calligraphy, it will be of great benefit to understand "broad" calligraphy. Calligraphy in a narrow sense refers to the methods and laws of writing Chinese characters with a brush. Including writing, calligraphy, stippling, structure, layout (distribution, lines, composition) and so on. For example, the pen refers to the palm and the five fingers are Qi Li; The pen carrying center is unfolded; Stippling is the same as a pen; The structure is shaped by words and echoes each other; The distribution is intricate, the density is appropriate, and the virtual and the real are born together, and the whole chapter is full of gas fields; Every word is ancient for literacy, and every word is big and small, and high is not as good as low. Calligraphy in a broad sense refers to the writing rules of language symbols. In other words, calligraphy refers to writing with its brushwork, structure and composition according to the characteristics and significance of words, making it a beautiful work of art. With the development of cultural undertakings, calligraphy is not limited to using brush and writing Chinese characters, but its connotation has greatly increased. For example, in the use of tools, there are many kinds of pens, such as writing brushes, hard pens, computer instruments, spray gun branding tools, carving knives, engraving machines, and daily tools (mainly hardware and daily tools with hard texture that can be used for writing). Pigments not only use black ink blocks, inks, adhesives, chemicals, lacquered glazes, etc., but also are colorful and strange; There are too many varieties to mention one by one. From the way of writing, some people write with their hands, others with their feet, and many people write with other organs. Some people don't even use pens at all, such as "pointing at books" and "squeezing books". In terms of writing style, it is not a kind of Chinese characters, and some minority languages have also entered the calligraphy art world, and Mongolian is an example; From the point of view of style and composition, in addition to the authentic traditional calligraphy school, there is also an "Yi" school in China, which is called modern calligraphy. Innovating on the basis of traditional calligraphy, highlighting the word "change", integrating poetry, calligraphy and painting, striving for the unity of form and content, and making the work a masterpiece of "beauty in meaning, beauty in sound and beauty in form". In Japan, many calligraphers abandoned the language of writing and established the "image" of writing, and the school of "ink image" came into being to write various writing images with the weight of the pen, the opening and closing of Ji Xu and the nib, and the change of writing posture. All these (of course, not only these) can be seen that calligraphy, like other things, is constantly developing and changing, and must be highly valued by people in the calligraphy field. China's calligraphy mainly has five styles, namely regular script (including regular script and regular script), cursive script (including Cao Zhang, grass, grass and standard cursive script), official script (including Gu Li and Jin Li), seal script (including big seal script and small seal script) and running script (including running script and running script).