The word "member" means the round mouth of the tripod. Why is the meaning of "the number of things" (such as people and members) extended?

It is well documented that China characters-Chinese characters were produced in about14th century BC, in the late Shang Dynasty, when the original stereotyped writing was Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Oracle Bone Inscriptions hieroglyphs and pictophonetic characters are very vivid because of the pictographs and pictures of Chinese characters. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Chinese characters evolved into Da Zhuan. The result of the development is that the seal has two characteristics: first, it has become the primary level of the thick and thin moving average and the soft line, and the drawn lines are very concise and vivid; The second is standardization, the glyph structure tends to be neat, and gradually breaks away from the picture prototype, laying the foundation. Later, Qin Chao Chang Li replied that making money from simple to complex is just a small seal script. In addition to simplifying the seal style, lines and standardization, Xiao Zhuan has reached a perfect level, and the almost completely separated picture and text become neat and harmonious, very beautiful, basically a rectangular box font. But Xiao Zhuan has its own fundamental shortcoming, that is, it is very convenient to write. Almost at the same time, there was a physical distraction, and the scripts of both sides were even. In the Han Dynasty, the official script developed to a mature stage, which greatly improved the readability and writing speed of Chinese characters. Later, it evolved into Li Shu Cao Zhang, a modern grass, which was used to express a book of poets in the Tang Dynasty, focusing on the sharp cursive script. Subsequently, the combination of official script, regular script, cursive script and self-sufficient book (also known as book) became popular in the Tang Dynasty. Today's printing, this change is from regular script. Because the running script is between regular script and cursive script, its writing is smooth and flexible, and the rumors of Chinese system have been circulated until today, and our daily writing habits are fonts. In the Song Dynasty, the development of block printing and printing was widely used. In order to further improve and develop, a new style of writing-Songti printed Chinese characters. After the invention of printing, lettering and the engraving of Chinese characters had a far-reaching impact, resulting in a typography with fine horizontal and thick vertical, which was eye-catching and easy to read, and was later called Song Style. The word carving imitates EC's thin, chubby, chubby figure, and Liu Tiyu's figure. Yan and Liu Bitong are tall and have certain characteristics, and the horizontal direction is slightly rough and thin. In the Ming Dynasty, Wanli changed from Song Dynasty to Zhao's thick and thin vertical and horizontal squares. In the initial time, the level of folk popularity was very fine in vertical planning, especially the thick fonts in Hongwu style were flat, such as inscriptions, lanterns, notices, and fonts used by officials such as private music and temple altar cards. Later, workers carved books to imitate Hongwu style to create a non-European, non-Japanese yen skin contour body. In particular, because the strokes of this font are horizontal and vertical, the seals that are really easy to engrave are different, and it does not create a fresh and pleasing effect. Its application in printing is more and more extensive, and it has become very popular. Since16th century, it is still called Song, also known as pica. Traditional Chinese characters, as well as various fonts formed in various historical periods, have their own distinctive artistic characteristics. Simple and elegant, the official script is static and dynamic, the decorative cursive script is rich, the driving speed is fast, compact, neat and beautiful, and it is easy to know a good writing reality, as well as various styles and different personalities. The evolution of Chinese characters is a sign. From the lines of hieroglyphics, the strokes adapted to writing, to the printed fonts convenient for carving, all these are historical evolution, which provides rich inspiration for China's font design. If we want to give full play to the characteristics and styles of various Chinese fonts and use ingenious and unique creativity, we will certainly be able to design exquisite works. Studying Chinese characters, the first question of Chinese characters is how to make them, the problem you want to solve, and the origin of Chinese characters. This problem was not difficult to solve before Oracle Bone Inscriptions discovered it. The theoretical exploration of the configuration of early Chinese characters must be based on a large number of early dynasty Chinese characters in China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions was found, and then the inscription, Wen Tao, was mentioned, engraved on drums and Jane, and was released. Many early Chinese characters provided rich and authoritative research materials for the generation of Chinese characters. Therefore, it can be said that the conditions are ripe to solve the important theoretical problem of how to generate Chinese characters and the study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Oracle Bone Inscriptions, author of issue 02, I think every word of Oracle Bone Inscriptions is hieroglyphics, which is an intuitive description of things. Some of them are still strong? Most pictures and images are the height of strokes. It can be concluded that every Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a hieroglyph, except for a few exceptions, such as the combination of supplier, Zhou, Lu Jun and Tangkou, and some reference words, Wang has no specific image meaning, and these words represent an image or a part of an image in painting. The images reflected by Oracle Bone Inscriptions are all about observing nature and thinking from the social life of the ancients, including social, economic, religious, political, military, customs and other aspects. Chinese characters made by the ancients in social life and those made on this basis later are being made by Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Such as the custom of tying a rope to record things, and later created five afternoon words. The first moment was a letter from the customs, based on Xin's words. People with kidneys got rid of the custom of slavery for the first time, and later the minister returned the words. Children get tattoos in order to be blessed by witchcraft. Some people thought they were self-righteous. After the first knife kills blood, it becomes a leader, and the resulting word "no" and "control word" are pre-drip timing, which is commercial and post-Geng. Before killing the first child, the swearing-in ceremony was vulgar. On the afternoon of the 5th, the objects in the shape of knots, symbols and letters were woodcarvings of testicles in Chen Huan. People like a face with feet, and they don't want to look like a bull. Suppliers and Geng carved arrows in the leaky cauldron, while Meng Xiangzai appeared as a water container. Wait, don't disturb the chain reference. Oracle Bone Inscriptions reflects all aspects of the social life of the ancients, which is undoubtedly a kind of concreteness. From this, we can draw a conclusion that Chinese characters are the symbol of the pocket version of genre painting in ancient society. The ancients recorded the characters of Chinese characters' humanistic and social activities, and Chinese characters contain rich ancient culture. You can restore ancient society by deciphering Chinese characters. On the contrary, only by understanding the ancient society can we decipher China characters. Unfortunately, for a long time, many people didn't understand these truths, China? One word in calligraphy leads to few or even wrong conclusions. Therefore, it is a revolutionary method to study China's writing. From text to text, text develops culture from traditional analysis. Only in this way can we discover the mysterious culture of China's writing and truly appreciate China's great and beautiful writing. After Chinese characters, its 6000-year evolution: Oracle Bone Inscriptions → Wang Jinwen → Xiao Zhuan → Li Shu → Regular script → Running script (supplier) (Zhou) (Qin) (Han) (Wei and Jin Dynasties) cursive script "Jin Jia Biography of Xing Kai" is called "Seven-style Chinese Characters" and was recorded in 6543 BC. Oracle Bone Inscriptions hieroglyphs and pictophonetic characters are very vivid because of the pictographs and pictures of Chinese characters. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Chinese characters evolved into Da Zhuan. The result of the development is that the seal has two characteristics: first, it has become the primary level of the thick and thin moving average and the soft line, and the drawn lines are very concise and vivid; The second is standardization, the glyph structure tends to be neat, and gradually breaks away from the picture prototype, laying the foundation. Later, Li Chengxiang IV changed from simple to complicated, and it became a great biography, not a short biography. In addition to simplifying the seal style, lines and standardization, Xiao Zhuan has reached a perfect level, and the almost completely separated picture and text become neat and harmonious, very beautiful, basically a rectangular box font. But Xiao Zhuan has its own fundamental shortcoming, that is, it is very convenient to write. Almost at the same time, there was a physical distraction, and the scripts of both sides were even. In the Han Dynasty, the official script developed to a mature stage, which greatly improved the readability and writing speed of Chinese characters. Later, it evolved into Li Shu Cao Zhang, a modern cursive script, which was used to express the poets' writing style in the Tang Dynasty, with emphasis on the sharp cursive script. Subsequently, the combination of official script, regular script, cursive script and self-sufficient book (also known as book) became popular in the Tang Dynasty. Today's printing, this change is from regular script. Because the running script is between regular script and cursive script, its writing is smooth and flexible, and the rumors of Chinese system have been circulated until today, and our daily writing habits are fonts. With the development of printing, block printing was widely used in Song Dynasty. In order to further improve and develop, a new style of writing-Songti printed Chinese characters. After the invention of printing, lettering and the engraving of Chinese characters had a far-reaching impact, resulting in a typography with fine horizontal and thick vertical, which was eye-catching and easy to read, and was later called Song Style. The word carving imitates EC's thin, chubby, chubby figure, and Liu Tiyu's figure. Yan and Liu Bitong are tall and have certain characteristics, and the horizontal direction is slightly rough and thin. In the Ming Dynasty, Wanli changed from Song Dynasty to Zhao's thick and thin vertical and horizontal squares. In the initial time, the level of folk popularity was very fine in vertical planning, especially the thick fonts in Hongwu style were flat, such as inscriptions, lanterns, notices, and fonts used by officials such as private music and temple altar cards. Later, workers carved books to imitate Hongwu style to create a non-European, non-Japanese yen skin contour body. In particular, because the strokes of this font are horizontal and vertical, the seals that are really easy to engrave are different, and it does not create a fresh and pleasing effect. Its application in printing is more and more extensive, and it has become very popular. Since16th century, it is still called Song, also known as pica. In Chinese characters, all kinds of fonts formed in different historical periods have their own distinctive artistic characteristics. Simple and elegant, the official script is static and dynamic, the decorative cursive script is rich, the driving speed is fast, compact, neat and beautiful, and it is easy to know a good writing reality, as well as various styles and different personalities. The evolution of Chinese characters is a sign, which is a historical evolution from the lines of hieroglyphics, strokes adapted to writing with brush and printed fonts convenient for carving. China's font design provides rich inspiration. If we want to give full play to the characteristics and styles of various Chinese fonts and use ingenious and unique creativity, we will certainly be able to design exquisite works. Since Qin Shihuang unified Chinese characters, Chinese characters have gradually developed. Each era has different connotations. The unique wisdom and diligence of the national, folk and China historical texts are full of deeply engraved children. However, today, some people know little about their own languages and devote a lot of enthusiasm to the languages of other countries. It's still half to half. This text is the soul of the country. In order to understand the motherland, historical changes and soul of the motherland, we chose this topic. After Qin unified China, Chinese characters developed, simplified and standardized gradually. The development of China characters can be roughly divided into four stages: the evolution of Confucian classics, seal script, official script and regular script. Another kind of seal, printing point, seal script, official script, the difference between Li Qin and Li Han. Therefore, a new font in history was gradually formed through long-term evolution. Generally speaking, the post-China characters have a basic shape (table 1). (Table 1: Evolution of Chinese Characters in China) Before Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Qin unified the characters, the fonts of China characters were still confused from the application point of view. Broadly speaking, China's classical seal script includes the characters before Xiao seal script; In a narrow sense, it refers to the history of China's writing, sealing the previous writing. Here, the narrow classical concept. It contains Oracle Bone Inscriptions's inscription classics, and the former is considered as the earliest stereotyped writing in China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions: The left side of tortoise shells and animal bones written or carved in the late Shang Dynasty are mostly inscriptions with several words "notebook". Oracle Bone Inscriptions accords with pictographic characters, and only 20% people know pictographic characters. The principle of writing is to carve some cinnabar with a knife, or directly describe the evolution of two kinds of red ink handwriting hieroglyphs. The indeterminacy of hieroglyphics of high-character multi-body strokes indicates that China's characters were not unified in the Yin and Shang Dynasties. Yinxiang bronze inscription: According to the bronze inscription in the pre-Qin period, this kind of writing is called bronze, also known as bronze, which is easy to engrave. Compared with Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen, it is older. Wang Jinwen fills the actual wording, vivid and natural voice. In Shang Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions wrote vulgar inscriptions on bronzes, and the impressions on the front of the fuselage were more complex and vulgar (Table 2). (Table 2: Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen) Most of Oracle Bone Inscriptions's knives are carved on tortoise shell bones, with characters and hard pens (Figure 3). This cutting technique is also used in modern graphic design (Figure 4). & ltBR/2 has made the greatest contribution to philology in the history of Chinese characters and Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. History Zhou Zhou historian, is he the subject of innovation? The other, Zhou Chuan, Yi Wai, the history book says that its history was put forward by Zhou, through Xu. Collect big seal characters scattered in different Ding Yi dictionaries and their descendants. Shi Guwen, Zhou Xuanwang is the most famous. 3。 Xiaozhuan Xiaozhuan, also known as standard font, was compiled by Qin Zhuan, Qin Chao and Cheng Lisi. Simplified by sealing. Also known as the seal of the sand gun, because of its pen power and emotional meaning. The shape and structure of Xiao Zhuan were supervised and coordinated, and the posture was even and neat, and radical changes and mergers were also made. There is no pictographic seal. The evolution of Chinese characters from seal script to seal script is of great significance in the history of China characters. The first step in the development of official script from seal script to seal script is the change of bar angle in Longwan District, which is unprecedented. Most people think that official script refers to the official script with a long tail like a meat cleaver, which is just one of them. The official script of Qin Li, Han Li and Qin Li are all early official script forms, while the font of official script in Li Han is relatively mature. Official script usually refers to Li Han in "Eight" (Figure 6) "Qin Li gradually gives birth to eight waves. The development of official script to eight points is caused by mature posture. Because this word is more square and thicker than official script, it is a sense of righteousness and seriousness (Figure 7). Figure 8 shows English letters, but its existence makes the angular font official script have a "taste". 5 Regular script "Regular script", also known as real book, book and official script. Ou Yangxun and Liu Gongquan rubbings. The ancient scribes included in the book are eight times as simple as those in American countries and Cao Zhang. This font has been used to this day, and it is considered as a standard font and a world of love. Regular script has the feeling of being stable and tranquil, with individual writing and individual differences, but the same font also has different styles (9, 10). The figure 1 1 is the same as the fine gold figure in Song Huizong, but it is smooth with fine gold at the turning point, showing a unique visual sense. 6 Running script "Running script" is between regular script and cursive pen, and the script (character) can be moved freely. Different writers run scripts in Li and Kai, and their current level can be used for free. Running script presents a romantic and aesthetic atmosphere (figure 12). (Photo 12) "Jiang", also known as Duancao, this kind of grass, seal script, eight points, and cursive script changed with it and evolved from various ancient characters. Cao Zhang Cao Cao is here. Although Cao Zhang has a strong taste of official script, it is so named because it is used to commemorate. The further development of Cao Zhang, this kind of grass, is often called "the sum of books". This kind of grass is often relatively simple, running scripts. The cursive script gives the audience a bold and fluent feeling (Figure 13, 14, 15). Printing invented printing to meet the gradual development direction of printing, album printing and writing, which is suitable for printing, horizontal and vertical, just like printing fonts-the new era originated in Rome. The golden age of block printing-Song and Ming stereotypes, made what the Japanese called "Ming style" font copy suitable for reading, publishing and printing. 9 Computer fonts, under the influence of Chinese and western fonts, a new type of fonts has emerged, namely bold and artistic fonts, such as poster (POP) style, comprehensive artistic style, development, culture, scientific and technological development, investigation kiosk flow, girl fonts, etc. Arial and its variants, such as italics, pingsong and computer Chinese characters, are widely used (from left to right: overlapping circle, overlapping circle). When it comes to the figures of China, I must mention that the archaeological support of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Oracle Bone Inscriptions appeared 3300 years ago, and the writing of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia and Sumerians must be the latest 2000 years. Up to now, Yi * * has more than 5,000 Oracle characters, about 1700 characters, so you can know that it is one of the four ancient civilizations to a certain extent. Thinking about the same time, we found that the earliest Oracle Bone Inscriptions had a certain understanding and pictophonetic elements. These Oracle Bone Inscriptions associations are less than 80%, and pictophonetic characters account for more than 20%, which is very different from other early hieroglyphs, ancient Egyptians and Sumerians. Some people think that the level of science and technology in ancient China is far lower than that of ancient Egypt and ancient Greek civilization. The ancient Egyptians built magnificent pyramids with huge stones, but only rammed earth buildings. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics were engraved with exquisite patterns on hard stones, but only rough scratches were engraved on animal bones or tortoise shells. But if we look at the abstraction in China and Oracle Bone Inscriptions, it is much higher than the concrete figures in ancient Egypt. It seems that China's characters directly crossed the early stage of early hieroglyphics and entered a more advanced stage, a more abstract pictographic stage: the ideographic-pictographic stage evolved from China's characters, almost as abstract as Oracle Bone Inscriptions's stage. Later, with the evolution of China characters, China characters are no longer purely ideographic characters. When the Greeks built the beautifully carved Parthenon, when the Romans built the Pantheon with a huge dome, China was still the victim of the rammed earth Great Wall and Terracotta Warriors and Horses in the Qin and Han Dynasties, but Qin Xiaozhuan had a unified national standard script, and the script of Lishu Han was very close to that of China today. Whether Chinese characters leap along the culture, the huge and complicated language symbol system of China Chinese characters can be said to be a miracle. Pictographs appeared in early characters, which can play a very good role, but because languages continue to enrich some images that cannot be expressed by languages. The ancient Egyptians and Sumerians began to create phonetic symbols to record these languages. The only representative, China, chose another solution. You know the words, such as "day+month = Ming, female+son ="; Pictophonetic characters, such as "a", have no meaning and can only represent one syllable; BR/>； False words such as "Shuo-Yue" began to appear in China. When it comes to China, people will inevitably think of the same account in a large part of English culture classes. At the same time, we also thought a lot. The highest level of learning a language is to use the thinking of this language and want to use your own mother tongue. However, this is the best way to give full play to one's creative thinking and mother tongue, not to mention the huge energy consumption of learning a foreign language. Romans don't envy Greek civilization, which is good for Greece? Yes -Even in these two languages? It's very close. Arabs want the same thing, instead of exchanging Latin or Greek to be translated into Arabic, Latin and Greek. Similarly, during the Renaissance, when Europeans did not switch to Arabic, Arabic was translated into Latin. Enlightenment, the further translation and popularization of national languages. It is not difficult to apply the personal terms of a good foreign language directly to foreign languages. But his translation efficiency will be much lower. However, as a whole society, everyone spends a lot of energy on learning a foreign language, which is very inefficient. In the most extreme case, the history of countries that have lost their national languages has completely disappeared. The best choice is that, like Arabs and Europeans in the Renaissance, after some good language translation, the national language will be widely spread. Only in this way can we innovate our native-speaking countries and think more effectively. The difficulties China faced before were based on the peak of English language civilization-he didn't like the ancient Greek and Roman civilization faced by Arabs, lost its static civilization, and didn't like the declining Islamic civilization faced by Europeans during the Renaissance. At present, a large number of new scientific and technological achievements, new knowledge and new ideas are still in the English world, and the success of English, the practical international language of society, is unprecedented in today's world. The population whose mother tongue is English is the second largest in the world, only next to China, with about 4 million people. However, using English as a second language or to some extent is more important to many people in every corner of the world and every country. Therefore, it is not easy for students not to learn English, just because learning English consumes a lot of time. Good optical English is not enough. Everyone can improve their quality by learning English, but they can't go to the other extreme. From Matteo Ricci, Xu Guangqi to China, there are countless ideas in the Renaissance. The Opium War lasted for several centuries, from Lin Zexu's translation of western books and newspapers to 160 years, not counting as the New Culture Movement. It's almost a hundred years now. Contemporary China is a turning point from Renaissance to Enlightenment. Now, you should learn English, try and translate, and the most important thing is to start thinking and innovating your mother tongue. Improve the level of English researchers and journalists, whether it is to popularize basic education or advanced scientific and cultural concepts. English should not be the aristocratic language of China, like Latin in the Middle Ages or Renaissance in Europe. Writing is the historical development track of a nation and a country: the leap of writing in China is gorgeous and interesting, just like the history of China. The characters created by China people and China characters also lead the people of China forward. 6 out of Zhou Li: "Paul taught six arts by taking charge of the evil king to improve national morality: one said five rites; The second is Liu Le, who filmed on Wednesday and Friday, and four of them said they were in Cavaliers Liu Shu and Liu Yue 9. However, Zhou Li only introduced the "six countries", but did not elaborate. "Hutchison" by Xu Shen, a scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, said: "When you enter primary school at the age of one, you will be the first to protect your country. It means one day: what it refers to can be knowledge, observation, visibility, and' up' can be' down'. The second thing is hieroglyphics: hieroglyphics, draw their expressions, ask questions with the human body,' days' and' months'. Third, pictophonetic characters, the names of pictophonetic characters, and the complementarity of analogy. "He" and "He" were also known in April, and the friendship they know is comparable. Let's see what this means. Wu' and' Xin' were copied by the knight. Everyone agreed that' Kao' and' Lao' were silent props under the guise, so was' Dragon'. "Xu Shen's explanation is the first official record of the definition of Six Books in history, which is the annotation to the later Six Books and the core of the commitment to justice. [Editor] Explanation of the Six Builders' Regulations [Editor] Pictograms are independent body pictograms. Text lines or strokes to express the shape characteristics of objects, especially to outline their outlines. For example, the shape of "Moon" is like a crescent moon, and the shape of "Turtle" is like the word "Horse" on the turtle side. The word "Fish" is a sokcho with two heads, a fish with a tail, a grass "Caotang", and the word "Gate" is the shape of the left and right doors. The word "sky" is like a circle with a midpoint, just like the shape we see when we look at the sun. [editor] refers to something pictographic in an independent institution. The main difference between pictographs and event words is that they contain more abstract things. For example, the "edge" added by a sharp knife indicates; The word "fierce" with a cross symbol is added, and the words "fierce" and "fierce" are above or below the painting symbol of "Lord"; "Three-oriented" level. The words sketch have a more abstract part. [Editor] Pictophonetic characters belong to "combined pictographic characters". Pictophonetic characters are composed of two parts: the form (also known as "semantic characters") and the sound (also known as "annotations"). A word or general instruction that shapes the future meaning. Pinyin words are pronounced the same or similar. For example, the shape next to the word "Sakura" and "Wood" is a tree, with the sound of "Baby" next to it, the word "Baby" indicating its pronunciation, and the word "Bamboo" below the basket, indicating that bamboo engineering is similar to the word "prison" indicating it, and the word "tooth" below indicates it. [Editor] Yes. It belongs to "suitable hieroglyphics". Two or more independent institutions composed of associative words, including the shape or meaning of words, combine to express the meaning of words. For example, "wine", a crock for brewing wine, "unitary" and liquid "water" represent the word "solution", and the words "knife", "ox" and "horn" represent the sound of birds separately, so "port" and "bird" are separated. [Editor] Seal script belongs to the method of using words. Pronunciation in different regions, as well as regional barriers, the same thing will have different names. When this word is used to mean the same thing and the same meaning, they will have the same radical cure or part. . Hope to adopt, thank you.