Did Hu Hai really pretend to be crazy in history?
No
Hu Hai (230 BC-207 BC), the second emperor of Qin, also known as the second emperor The emperor, surnamed Zhao, named Hu Hai, was the 18th son of Qin Shihuang, the younger brother of Prince Fusu, and the second emperor of the Qin Dynasty. He reigned from 210 BC to 207 BC.
Young Master Hu Hai learned prison law from Zhao Gao, the commander of Zhongche Mansion. Qin Shihuang died of illness while traveling in the south. He did not announce the funeral secretly. With the help of Zhao Gao and Li Si, he killed more than 20 brothers and sisters and forced Fu Su to death to become the second emperor of the Qin Dynasty. After Qin II came to the throne, Zhao Gao took real power and implemented a brutal rule, which finally triggered the Chen Sheng and Wu Guang uprisings and the restoration movement of the old aristocrats of the Six Kingdoms. In 207 BC, Hu Hai was forced to commit suicide in Wangyi Palace by Zhao Gao's confidant Yan Le at the age of 24. What kind of person was the Second Qin in history?
The plot of Sand Dune to ascend to the throne. Hu Hai’s succession was completely planned by Zhao Gao for his own power. Among the princes of Qin Shihuang, Hu Hai was the most talented in terms of talents. Definitely not qualified enough to ascend the throne.
His eldest brother Fusu was the best, and Qin Shihuang also trained him as his successor, and Qin Shihuang still liked him very much. In order to increase his experience in governing the country, he was sent to guard the northern border with Meng Tian.
Among the sons of Qin Shihuang, Hu Hai was famous as a playboy, and he did not have the demeanor of an emperor's son. Once, Qin Shihuang hosted a banquet for his officials and asked his sons to participate.
Hu Hai also went to the banquet as ordered, but he did not want to follow the rules of the ministers and drink in front of his father. He had eaten early and left the banquet with an excuse. The shoes of the ministers were neatly lined up outside the palace gate, because according to the regulations of the Qin Dynasty at that time, ministers must take off their shoes and put them outside the palace gate when entering the palace.
The shoes of the officials attending the banquet were neatly arranged, but they became a prop for Hu Hai's mischief. Taking advantage of his drunkenness, he casually kicked the ministers' shoes into pieces as he walked.
People's words and deeds are consistent. Later, when Hu Hai became emperor and governed the world, he ended up "kicking" the country into a mess just like he used to kick his shoes. In the end, his own life was involved in the chaos. On the evil path Hu Hai's image as the son-in-law and Zhao Gao's instigation made him gradually go further and further down the evil path.
Zhao Gao was originally a humble person, but he also had some talents, such as being proficient in criminal law. Not only was he tall and strong, but he could also write well. He won the favor of Qin Shihuang, who promoted him to the post of Che Fu Ling. Responsible for the emperor's carriage and honor guard. In order to curry favor with Hu Hai, Zhao Gao often taught Hu Hai calligraphy and how to solve cases. Coupled with Zhao Gao's sharp tongue, he firmly controlled Hu Hai and obeyed his orders. This was the basis for Zhao Gao to encourage Hu Hai to usurp the throne in the future.
When Qin Shihuang went on tour for the last time, Hu Hai also accompanied him. At that time, he was in his twenties and still a young man. After Qin Shihuang died of illness, he was bewitched by Zhao Gao. Together with Zhao Gao and Li Si, he changed Qin Shihuang's edict of appointing his eldest son Fusu to inherit the throne, and he ascended the throne that did not belong to him. As a result, he also embarked on a path of no return.
Conspiracy The reason why Zhao Gao's conspiracy succeeded, Li Si's role cannot be ignored. Zhao Gao knew that Li Si's status would play a decisive role in his establishment of Hu Hai.
So he coerced Li Si. Zhao Gao told Li Si his plan, but Li Si refused.
Zhao Gao said calmly: "Prime Minister Li, you'd better think about it carefully. Can your achievements in the court be compared with Meng Tian's? Can your prestige and your strategies be compared with those of Meng Tian?" Compared with Meng Tian? Besides, Fusu doesn't trust you as much as Meng Tian. If Fusu takes the throne, then the position of prime minister will definitely belong to Meng Tian. There will be no place for you. It's a trivial matter to lose the prime minister. It's not impossible to find a different place.
You'd better think about it, your destiny is in your own hands." Li Si weighed the pros and cons and finally embarked on the same road of no return as Zhao Gao.
Killing Brothers, Sisters and Loyalists Before Hu Hai ascended the throne, he killed his brother Fusu.
Hu Hai, together with Zhao Gao and Li Si, forged an edict and sent it to Fusu and Mengtian who were guarding the northern border. The forged edict reprimanded Fusu and Mengtian for guarding the border for more than ten years. Not only did they not make any military achievements, but they repeatedly wrote letters to criticize the government.
Fusu was even more resentful and resentful that he could not return to the capital to be the crown prince, so he gave Fusu a sword and committed suicide. Meng Tian did not persuade Fu Su's behavior, which was actually disloyal to the emperor and caused him to commit suicide.
After hearing the edict, Fusu shed tears and wanted to commit suicide. After all, Meng Tian had more experience than him and advised him to appeal to the emperor. If it was true, it would not be too late to commit suicide, but Fusu said: " My father asked me to die, so what else can I complain about?" After saying that, he committed suicide in tears. However, Meng Tian argued hard and refused to commit suicide. When the envoy saw that he did not obey the edict, he was thrown into prison in Yangzhou (now Zichangbei, Shaanxi Province).
After becoming emperor, he became even more cruel and inhumane to many other brothers and sisters. The most brutal massacre of his brothers by Hu Hai was the execution of twelve brothers in Xianyang City (the city is the commercial district in the ancient city).
Another time in Duyou (now east of Xianyang, Shaanxi Province), six brothers and ten sisters were crushed to death. The execution ground was horrific. Jiang Lu and the other three were also brothers of Hu Hai, and they were eventually forced to commit suicide.
The three of them were calmer than the other brothers. Hu Hai couldn't find any crime to frame him, so he was locked up in the palace. After many other brothers were killed, Zhao Gao sent people to force them to commit suicide. General Lu said to the visitors: "We have no fault in the etiquette prescribed by the court."
We have no fault in the etiquette prescribed by the court. We didn't violate the order, and we didn't make any mistakes. Why do we say that we are not loyal to the country, but we are asked to commit suicide? "The visitor replied: "I don't know why you were convicted and executed, I just followed the order." General Lu San. People cried at each other, and finally committed suicide with their swords.
Gongzi Gao Among Hu Hai's brothers, the one who died with a better reputation was Gongzi Gao. He watched his brothers and sisters being tortured to death by Hu Hai one after another, and knew that he could not escape his fate.
But escaping would harm his family, so he decided to sacrifice his life to keep his family safe. He wrote to Hu Hai, saying that he was willing to bury his father in Lishan Mountain.
Hu Hai was very happy and gave him another 100,000 yuan. In addition to his brothers and sisters, Hu Hai also did not let go of other disobedient civil and military ministers.
The first people to be persecuted were the Mengtian brothers. At first, Hu Hai wanted to continue to use them, but Zhao Gao was afraid that they would pose a threat to him, so he spread rumors to Hu Hai that Qin Shihuang had originally wanted to make Hu Hai the crown prince, but Zhao Gao Meng Tian's brother Meng Yi tried his best to stop it, and Qin Shihuang gave up the idea of ??making him the prince. Hu Hai believed it, and instead of releasing Meng Tian, ??he also imprisoned Meng Yi in the prison of Daijun (now northeast of Yu County, Hebei Province).
Later, Hu Hai sent envoys to force Meng Yi to commit suicide, and then sent envoys to Yangzhou's prison to force Meng Tian to commit suicide. Meng Tian refused at first, claiming that he wanted to see Hu Hai and ask him to withdraw the edict, but the envoy refused. , Meng Tian saw that there was no hope of survival, so he had no choice but to commit suicide by taking poison. Ministers Hu Hai, instigated by Zhao Gao, also went on a killing spree against other ministers.
Right Prime Minister Feng Quji and General Feng Jie chose to commit suicide in order to avoid being humiliated. While killing the ministers, Zhao Gao put away his cronies one by one. His brother Zhao Cheng became the magistrate of the CRRC, and his son-in-law became the county magistrate of the capital Xianyang. They were all important positions. Other dynasties Zhao Gao's party members are also all over the important positions in the army.
Hu Hai only knew about his own enjoyment and these conspiracy actions against Zhao Gao. Hu Hai's historical evaluation
Hu Hai was only twenty-four years old when he died, and he only served as emperor for three years. He was later buried with the etiquette of the head of Guizhou (that is, common people, because the Qin Dynasty advocated wearing black clothes), and the cemetery In Yichun Garden in Dunan (now southwest of Xi'an).
Hu Hai, the second emperor of the Qin Dynasty, and Ying Zheng, the first emperor, did not have the posthumous names and temple names of later emperors. This was because the Qin Dynasty implemented a centralized system, maintained the absolute authority of the monarch, and prohibited his ministers from discussing and evaluating the monarch. By the time of the Han Dynasty, During the dynasty, as the ideology of governing the country changed from Legalism to Confucianism, posthumous titles and temple titles also appeared. Jia Yi: "Now that the second generation of the Qin Dynasty has been established, everyone in the world will take the lead and watch its politics.
If you are cold, you will benefit from the benefits of leeks and brown, while if you are hungry, you will benefit from the dregs and chaff. The world is clamoring, and the capital of the new master is also there.
This means that working for the people is easy and benevolent. Xiangshi II behaved like a mediocre ruler and was appointed loyal and virtuous. The ministers were single-minded and worried about the troubles at home. They were humble and corrected the mistakes of the previous emperor. After dividing the land and dividing the people and naming meritorious officials, they established a country and established a king to honor the world. They were imprisoned in vain and were exempted from punishment. Go. Collect impurities and cause them to rebel against each other in their villages; distribute money to warehouses and houses to support the lonely and poor people; give light gifts and minor tasks to assist the people's needs; make laws and save punishments to support the people in the world. Everyone must renew themselves, practice more disciplinedly, and be careful about themselves; block the hope of all people, and spread their great virtues to the world, and the world will stop.
That is to say, everyone in the four seas is happy and content in their own places, fearing that there will be changes. Although there are cunning and malicious people, but they have no intention of detaching themselves from their superiors, the unruly ministers will not be able to show off their wisdom, and the treacherous and treacherous people will be eliminated.
The second generation did not practice this technique, but focused on immorality: ruining the ancestral temple and the people, and then building the palace of Afang; severe punishments, severe official governance; inappropriate rewards and punishments, and excessive taxation. There are many things going on in the world, but the officials cannot keep them in check; the people are poor, but the Lord does not accept mercy.
Then traitors and falsehoods will arise together, and they will escape from each other; those who have been sinned will face each other in punishment and death, and the world will suffer. From the ministers down to the common people, people have a heart of self-danger and are living in poverty. They are not secure in their position, so they are easy to move.
Therefore, Chen She did not use the talents of Tang and Wu, and did not borrow the honor of a prince to fight for the great marsh. If the world responded, his people would be in danger. " Sima Xiangru: "The second generation was careless, and the country perished and lost power.
If the slander is not tolerated, the ancestral temple will be extinct. " Sima Qian: "Now that the First Emperor is dead, Hu Hai is extremely stupid, and Lishan has not yet been completed, so he resumes his duties as Afang to carry out his previous plan.
It goes like this: 'Anyone who does something noble enough to be worthy of the world will do whatever he wants, and the ministers will want to stop what their ancestors did'. Kill Si, remove the disease, and appoint Zhao Gao.
What a pain! The sound of human heads and animals. If you are not powerful, you will not attack evil; if you are not loyal, you will not perish; if you are not distant, you will not be able to stay; if you are cruel and cruel to promote the future, you will not be able to survive even if you live in a country with convenient physical conditions. "
Ban Gu: "It is said that Qin Shihuang committed a crime, and Hu Haiji made sense. " Cao Jiong said: "Hu Hai was taught harsh teachings and suffered from a cruel father. He could not change the system and favor his brothers. Instead, he was a teacher of Mo Shen Shang and consulted Zhao Gao. From the deep palace, he was commissioned to slander the government. I still hope to be the leader of Guizhou, but how can I get it? " Zhang Shoujie: "Hu Hai used the power of the emperor to cruelly and violently cultivate his own evil. Since his evil is so deep that he will perish, how can it be vain? "
Sima Zhen: "The second generation is corrective, and Zhao Gao is the right one. The cause of deception refers to a deer, and disaster brings about a tiger. "
Zhou Tan: "How can it be difficult for a deer and horse to tell right from wrong? They would rather use divination to inquire about safety. There are so many powerful officials who are in chaos, and the king does not know it when the country is destroyed. "
Hu Zeng: "Yan Letong was full of evil in one day, and the whole court was wiped out in the second. Only the Wei River flows endlessly, and I still look around Yi Palace to this day. ”
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