After-class notes:
(1) Five-color intersection: This is a description of the color category of stone walls. Five colors, in ancient times, cyan, yellow, black, white and red were positive colors. Go hand in hand and complement each other.
(2) Four seasons: Four seasons.
(3) rest: dissipation.
(4) Sunset: The sun is about to set. Fall down.
(5) Paddling and jumping: Fish diving into the water compete to jump out of the water. Fish swimming in water with heavy scales.
(6) The fairy capital of desire: paradise on earth. Desire world, Buddhism divides the world into desire world, color world and achromatic world. Desire is the realm of all beings who have not got rid of secular desires, that is, the world. Xiandu, a beautiful world where immortals live.
(7) Recreation: Xie Lingyun, a tour guide, a famous landscape poet, succeeded his grandfather and was named Duke of Recreation. He was a writer at the time of Qi and Liang Dynasties in the Southern Dynasties.
(8) and (y): participation, here refers to appreciation.
Translation:
The magnificent mountains and rivers have been a topic that people talk about since ancient times. The peaks here go straight into the sky, the clear streams are crystal clear, and the cliffs on both sides of the river complement each other in the sun. Cang Lin Cui Zhu, evergreen all the year round. Every morning, the night fog will stop and birds can be heard singing; Every evening, when the sun sets, you can see fish jumping in the water. This is really a fairyland on earth! Kasper? Lingyun, no one can stay in this beautiful landscape.
Single sentence analysis
The last sentence of "Thank you for writing a book" says, "Ever since I was a pastime, everything has happened." What is the implication?
This sentence expresses that the author wants to be a person like Xie Lingyun. Tao Qingyi is happy in this wonderful scenery and expresses her lifelong interest in retired nymphs.
Emotion:
The beauty of natural scenery itself constitutes a beautiful artistic conception. Writers arouse readers' interest with their unique artistic feelings and emotional language, thus forming the artistic conception of literary works. The beauty of mountains and rivers, the beauty of color matching, the beauty of change in the morning and evening, and the beauty of dynamic and static contrast interact to form a pleasing landscape painting. The full text is only 68 words, which summarizes the ancient and modern times, including the four seasons, taking into account the morning and evening, mountains and rivers, birds and animals, lyric comments and all kinds of things. It begins with emotion, then depicts beautiful mountains and rivers with clear strokes, and finally ends with emotion. The full text expresses the author's feeling of being intoxicated by the pleasant sunshine of mountains and rivers and enjoying the beautiful scenery with friends from ancient and modern times. There are straightforward sentences in this article. The article begins with "the beauty of mountains and rivers has existed since ancient times". This word "beauty" is the objective form of landscape, and it is also the author's aesthetic feeling of landscape-pleasure, "the fairy capital of desire", which will undoubtedly show his pride in landscape. "entertain yourself, there is no wonder." No one can appreciate the beauty of Kasper? Lingyun, but the author can find endless fun from it, and he has a sense of pride, which is beyond words.
Brief introduction of the author
Tao Hongjing (452 ~ 536) was brilliant and lived in Huayang in the evening. Huayang is a real person. Liu Song was born in Liling, Danyang (now Jurong). Because of his profound knowledge, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he asked him for advice whenever he wanted good or bad luck. People called him "Prime Minister in the Mountain". In pharmacy, besides alchemy, he also has special research on materia medica. In Yongming 10 (AD 492), Tao Hongjing, at the age of 40, was tired of fighting in officialdom. After resigning, he lived in seclusion in Juqu Mountain, Jurong County, and devoted himself to scientific research such as medicine. Juqu Mountain, also known as Maoshan Mountain, has a cave, namely the Eight-Cave Palace, named after Huayang Tian, and Hongjing began his writing and traveling life with this name. In 536 (the second year of Datong), Tao Hongjing died of illness at the age of eighty-five. When he died, he told his disciples to give him a "thin burial", and the disciples followed his will. After his death, he was posthumously named "Dr. Sun Yat-sen" and named "Mr. Bai Zhen". Tao Hongjing praised Ge Hong's theory and spoke highly of Ge Hong. When he supplemented Ge Hong's After the Elbow, in order to prevent future generations from mistaking what he added for Ge Hong's original work, he wrote his own notes in red pen to show the difference. This rigorous scientific attitude is commendable. For another example, he did not blindly inherit Ge Hongzhi's learning when he wrote Elbow Supplement, but deleted its shortcomings and mistakes, which improved the scientific value of the original work. From this point of view, in addition to "filling the vacancy", he also did a lot of textual research and revision. Therefore, Ge Hong's academic achievements and Dow's academic thoughts are integrated in many places. Tao Hongjing has been engaged in the practice of collecting herbs and refining alchemy for a long time, and has continuously enriched his knowledge of medicine and pharmacy. He found that Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica was very incomplete after several wars, repeated copying, error simplification and so on. On this basis, Dow made a lot of induction, arrangement, supplement and revision according to the obtained incomplete volumes, and wrote a book "Notes on Materia Medica Classics". It has contributed to the development of pharmacy in China. Tao Hongjing wrote a lot in his life, about 223 articles. Among them, there are seven volumes of Notes on Materia Medica, three volumes of Hundred Prescriptions after Elbow, one volume of Dream Book, five volumes of Effective Prescriptions, one volume of Herbs and Plants as Miscellaneous Medicine, one volume of Secret Recipe for Breaking the Valley, one volume of Eliminating Three Feet, one volume of Guide to Convinced, and one volume of Nourishing and Prolonging Life. Most of them have been lost. A book, Notes on Materia Medica, consists of seven volumes. It is the representative work of Dow's medical and pharmaceutical works. On the basis of 365 kinds of drugs collected in Shennong Herbal Classic, 365 kinds of drugs were added according to the records of famous doctors, totaling 730 kinds, which were divided into six categories: jade, grass, wood, fruit, vegetable and famous use. It was written in about 536 AD (? ) is the first well-organized and systematic classic of traditional Chinese medicine classified by scientific methods after Shennong Herbal Classic. It is clearly pointed out in the book that the origin and preparation method are closely related to the efficacy of drugs. The identification of medicinal plants is also recorded in detail. At the same time, the weights and measures of ancient and modern drugs were also investigated. In addition, this book was first recorded in Ruan Xiaoxu's Seven Records, which spread from the Tang Dynasty to the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, and gradually disappeared after the spread of Kaibao herbs in 973 (the sixth year of Song Kaibao). However, its contents are still scattered in Materia Medica, and only the preface and residual copies of Dunhuang Shishi Collection are left. In addition, he also wrote five volumes of Good Prescription, which is the data of clinical practice and has played a certain role in treating diseases in later generations. After Elbow 10 1 Fang was supplemented on the basis of collecting and sorting out Ge Hong's After Elbow, but it was not completely lost. On the basis of collecting 79 original works, 22 books were added, 10 1 song. It is a book to treat internal and external diseases and discuss pharmacology. The book consists of three volumes, the first volume is 35 articles, mainly about internal diseases, the middle volume is 35 articles, mainly about external diseases, and the second volume is 31 articles, focusing on "treating diseases from things". Ge Hong's original intention is still maintained, and it is an emergency medical manual to adapt to hasty onset.
Su Shi (1037 ~110/) was born in Meishan, Northern Song Dynasty. He is a famous writer, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. He is knowledgeable and versatile, and has high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry and prose. His calligraphy is called "Song Sijia" with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei; He is good at painting bamboo and strange stones, and also has outstanding opinions on painting theory and calligraphy theory. He is a literary leader after Ouyang Xiu in the Northern Song Dynasty, and his prose is as famous as Ouyang Xiu. Poetry is like the name of Huang Tingjian; His words are magnificent and bold, and his words are graceful and restrained. Known as "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty, * * * is an uninhibited poet.
Original text:
Genpox, on the night of October 12, 2006, took off his clothes and went to bed. He just saw the moonlight on the door and got up happily for a walk. Those who find nothing go to Chengtian Temple to find Zhang Huaimin. They are still awake, walking in the atrium. The courtyard is as empty as water, and the algae and grass in the water are intertwined and covered with bamboo and cypress. What night is there no moonlight? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? It's just the lack of free people like us.
After-class notes:
Six years of Yuanfeng: A.D. 1083. Yuanfeng, the year number of Song Shenzong.
Thinking about having nothing to do and having fun: thinking that no one is chatting and having fun. Read, think, think.
Zhang Huaimin: The author's friend was also demoted to Huangzhou at that time.
Phase: * * together.
Atrium: courtyard.
Empty and bright: clear and transparent.
Algae and Algae (New π):) Both are aquatic plants.
But there are few idle people: here refers to people who can wander around the scene leisurely without seeking fame and fortune. At this time, Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou Yingyong's agreement. This is an official with a position but no power, so he calls himself an "idle person".
Translation:
On the evening of1October 12, 2006, Yuanfeng. When I undressed and wanted to sleep, the moonlight shone through the window, and I got up and walked happily. Thinking that no one was playing, I went to Chengtian Temple to find Zhang Huaimin. Zhang Huaimin didn't sleep either. We walked in the yard.
Moonlight shines in the yard, as ethereal and clear as water, and all kinds of algae in the water are interlaced, which turned out to be the shadow of bamboo and cypress. There is no moonlight at night, no bamboo and cypress, just the lack of idle people like us!
Appreciate:
The feelings expressed in Night Tour in Chengtian Temple are subtle and complicated, including the sadness of relegation, the feeling of life, the joy of enjoying the moon and the leisure of walking. When the author "undressed and wanted to sleep", he "entered the house by moonlight", so he "set off happily". Moonlight is rare and can't help but make people happy. However, no one enjoyed the moon with him, so he had to go to Zhang Huaimin and he was demoted. How many sorrows and feelings about life have been relegated! Two people strolled in the atrium, which was very leisurely. Compared with "idle people", it contains all the meanings.
Su Shi's own evaluation of his literary creation, there is a very incisive passage:
My writing is like a fountain, it can be published anywhere. On the flat land, it gurgles, although it is difficult to travel thousands of miles a day. It twists and turns with rocks, shapes with things, and is unknown. The knower always does what he should do and often stops at what he can't do. That's all! Others, although I can't know. ("Wen Shuo")
This passage can be supplemented by another sentence: "A person who used to be a writer can't work for it, but he can't help working for it." There are clouds in the mountains and rivers, luxuries in vegetation, and depression. Although my husband doesn't want anything, can he get it? "("Jiang Xing Chorus Preface ")
The most important point here is that literature is a kind of "depressed" thing and has to be displayed to the public. If you have a "source of springs" on your chest, you can "get away with it at all costs"; Without ambition, you can't write a good article on your own. Su Shi is indeed a great writer with "the source of welcoming the Spring". As far as his prose creation is concerned, "ten thousand yuan" overflows into political theory and historical theory, and Wang Yang is vast; Travel notes, letters, prefaces and postscripts and other essays are all over the mountains, swaying and smoky.
There are only 84 words in the article "Night Tour in Chengtian Temple", which naturally flows from the chest. "What should be done" and "what should be stopped" are not divided into paragraphs. But it is not the "flat ground" of DC. Only a few dozen words. If "On the Flat Ground" is DC, what is its charm without rest? Read this article carefully, although it is natural and popular, but its "twists and turns and rocks" are distinct. "On the evening of October 12, Yuanfeng six years." It's like keeping a diary, honestly writing the year, month and day, and then writing the word "night". What should we do next? What the hell are you doing? There is nothing wrong with "undressing and sleeping". But just as I was undressing, I saw "Moonlight Entering the House" and felt that there was nothing to do, so I "set off happily". What are you doing? I have been "walking" alone for a while, but I am not very "happy". It would be nice to have another person; Suddenly thought of a person who can * * * "have fun", so I went to see him. These thoughts and actions are expressed in the following words: "Those who have no enjoyment, go to Chengtian Temple to find Zhang Huaimin". Have you met Zhang Huaimin? What did you say when you saw him? What kind of "fun" did you ask him for? Does he agree? In the pen of ordinary people, this is all to be written. The author only wrote two sentences: "Huai Min is still awake and walking in the atrium." Then write the scene:
The courtyard is as empty as water, and the algae and grass in the water are intertwined and covered with bamboo and cypress.
When you walk in the atrium, your eyes are attracted by the moonlight in the courtyard, creating an illusion of "water is empty and bright", so that you can see all kinds of aquatic plants criss-crossing. Why are there algae and water plants in the yard? Looking up, I saw bamboo and cypress, and at the same time I saw the bright moon in the blue sky. Only then did I realize that it was not "algae cypress", but the shadow of "bamboo cypress" under the moonlight! The metaphor of "moonlight is like water" is often used, but its clever use varies from person to person. It can't be said that the author didn't use this metaphor, but his usage is very different from that of ordinary people and his artistic effect is also very different.
Literary thinking is like a surging river, "twists and turns with rocks". Where is it now "unstoppable" and "stopped"? Because of seeing "moonlight entering the house" and "happily starting", it should stop at the month; Seeing "the intersection of algae and grass" turned out to be "the shadow of bamboo and cypress" and should stop at "bamboo and cypress"; Who appreciates the moon? Who watches bamboo and cypress? It's him and Zhang Huaimin. We should stop him and Zhang Huaimin. So to sum up all this, I wrote the following words and stopped at leisure:
What night is there no moonlight? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? It's just the lack of free people like us.
A few strokes, a piece of life. Narration is simple and clean, picturesque, and lyricism lies in narrative and scenery. Narration, scenery description and lyricism all focus on writing people; When writing about people, it should be emphasized that "leisure" entering "night" means "undressing to sleep" and "leisure"; See "Moonlight Entering the House", then "Set out happily" and "Nothing to do"; With Zhang Huaimin "walking in the atrium", even the "shadow of bamboo and cypress" was seen so carefully and clearly that both of them were "idle". "What night without a month? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? " However, only "the two of us" go out to enjoy the moon and see the bamboos and cypresses on winter nights, because others are busy people and "the two of us" are "idle people". The "idle people" at the end is the finishing touch, comparing the "leisure" of "the two of us" with that of others. Only when he is "idle" can he "swim at night" and enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moonlit night. After reading the whole article, the figures, moods and scenery of the two "idle people" are vivid.
Writing background
This article was written in the sixth year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1083). At that time, the author had been demoted to Huangzhou for four years. In July of the second year of Yuanfeng, Li Ding and others picked out Su Shi's poems about the new law and said that he was defamatory. In August, he was arrested and imprisoned. After a long trial and torture, I almost lost my mind. 1February, the author was released from prison and demoted to Huangzhou to be an assistant forever, but he was not allowed to "sign books to do business", that is to say, he was an idle official with positions but no rights. In this case, the author wrote this essay, describing the scenery of the moonlit night beautifully and recording a fragment of his life at that time.
Graded appreciation
The full text is divided into three layers, the first layer is narrative. The first sentence points out that the time of the incident was "October 12, the sixth year of Yuanfeng", and Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou as a deputy history because of the four-year Wutai poetry case. That night, the moonlight shone into his room. The author wanted to sleep, but he was fascinated by the beautiful moonlight and got excited. But he thought that no one could enjoy this kind of fun, so he set off for Chengtian Temple not far away to find Zhang Huaimin. When he was in Su Like, he was also demoted to Huangzhou and made friends with Su Shi. That night, Zhang Huaimin didn't sleep, so they went for a walk in the middle of the yard together. This narrative is simple, indifferent and natural.
Write the scenery on the second floor. The author cherishes ink as gold, and only uses eighteen words to create a quiet and charming night scene with clear moonlight, mottled bamboo shadows. Readers can use their imagination: the moonlight is crystal clear, as clear as a pool of empty water. Even better, there are aquatic plants floating and wandering in the "water", and suddenly they are like entering a fairyland. The author's beauty lies in the use of bamboo shadows and moonlight to make each other interesting, and the metaphor is accurate, novel and appropriate, which renders the beauty and solemnity of the scenery.
The discussion began on the third floor. The author regrets that there is no bright moon and bamboo at night, but I'm afraid not many people except him and Zhang Huaimin have leisure and elegance to enjoy the scenery. The crowning touch of the whole article is the word "idle people". Su Shi lives in Huangzhou, "no signing books, no official business", and he is only a nominal official who "helps the world" with Confucianism. On the other hand, the moonlight is beautiful and the bamboo shadow is beautiful, but people can't know it, so it is a pleasure for these two people to enjoy it! Su Shi's thoughts span Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which makes his attitude towards life extremely inclusive and can be said to be modest and comfortable. Of course, his chapters in adversity can better reflect his personality charm!
Exquisite appreciation
"Moonlight Entering the House": Lonely on a cold night, "undressing for sleep", at this moment, the moonlight quietly entered the door. The word "into the house" symbolizes moonlight. Moonlight seems to understand the loneliness and boredom of the relocated guest and take the initiative to accompany him.
"set out with pleasure": it is the author's reaction; Write that he was sleepy, put on his clothes, and saw the moonlight greet him with joy like a long-lost bosom friend. A "sinner" who was demoted by the imperial court, we can imagine that he was cut off from friends and left out in the cold; Only moonlight has no snobbery, and still visits him on a lonely cold night. Four words write the author's joy and excitement.
"What night without a month? Where is there no bamboo and cypress? But few idle people are like my ears. "
-it contains the author's sad feelings of ups and downs in his official career and the philosophy of life he gets from it, and gets some comfort from the pain. The last sentence has at least two meanings: first, for those who seek fame and gain, they are stubborn and trapped in the vast sea of officials and cannot extricate themselves. How can they enjoy Leng Yue Wonderland? Secondly, it shows the author's carefree and comfortable state of mind, and of course it also reveals his complaint about not being loyal to the court.