I. Personal Profile of Mei Lanfang
Mei Lanfang (1894101October 22nd-1961August 8th) was born in Beijing in the 20th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1894), and his ancestral home was Taizhou, Jiangsu. Master of Chinese Peking Opera Performing Arts.
Mei Lanfang studied drama at the age of 8, took Wu Lingxian as her teacher at the age of 9, and took to the stage at the age of 10. Later, he asked Qin Zhifen and Hu Ergeng to learn from Hua Dan. 1965438+April, 2005 to1965438+September, 20061/official tide, Yuanyang in prison, Fanfan, etc. Before 1949, he performed in Japan, the United States and the Soviet Union, and received honorary doctorates in literature from Pomona College and the University of Southern California.
1950 was the president of China Peking Opera Theatre, 195 1 year was the president of China Opera Research Institute, 1953 was the vice chairman of Chinese Dramatists Association, 1959 joined the China * * * production party,1965433. At the age of 67.
Mei Lanfang has developed and improved the singing skills and performing arts of Beijing opera actresses in her stage life for more than 50 years, and formed a unique artistic school, which is internationally known as "Mei School". Representative works include Drunk Maids, Goddess Scattered Flowers, Cosmic Front, Fisherman Killing Family, etc. He has trained and taught more than 65,438+000 students.
Second, Anita Mui's personal profile.
Anita Mui (1963 65438+ 10/0—200365438+February 30th) was born in Hongkong, China, and his ancestral home was Hepu, Guangxi. She is an amphibious development artist, one of the founders of the Hong Kong Artists Association and the first female chairman.
1982 won the first rookie singing contest; Release the first album "Heart Debt". 1983, Red Doubt, the main record of Red Anita Mui, became popular, with five platinum records. 1985-1986 held his first solo concert in New Year's Eve, and held 15 concerts in succession, breaking the record of the first solo concert of Hong Kong singers.
In the same period, the album Bad Girl was released, with a sales volume of 400,000 copies (8 platinum copies) in the first week, reaching a total of 720,000 copies, setting a new record for the sales of Hong Kong solo albums, and winning the "IFPI Best Sales Award of the Year" in the following year. 1985- 1989 won the top ten jadeite pure gold "most popular female singers" for five consecutive years. Songs such as "Woman Flower", "Intimate Lover" and "Love you a thousand times in my life" are very popular in Chinese mainland.
More than 40 Cantonese albums. 1998 won the highest honor "Golden Needle Award" in Hong Kong music scene. In 2009, she was awarded the title of "Female Singer with the most solo concerts by Chinese people in the world" by the World Recording Association, with a total of 292 solo concerts worldwide. 1987- 1988, won the Academy Award, Golden Horse Award, Golden Dragon Award and Asia-Pacific Film Festival with "Rouge". Two Oscars for Best Supporting Actress. Filming involves various roles such as literature, action and comedy.
In addition to performing arts, she is also enthusiastic about charity, and on July 27th 1993, she established Anita Mui Hayes One Heart Charity Foundation. On June 30th, 2003, Anita Mui died of cervical cancer at the age of 40. At the funeral in June 5438 +2004 10, funeral committee wrote A Farewell to Hong Kong's Daughter! Publish an obituary on this topic. On July 20th14th18th, the bronze statue of Anita Mui was erected on the Avenue of Stars in Hong Kong.
Extended data:
First, Mei Lanfang's personal achievements
(A) the establishment of Mei Xuetang
1, in the early stage of Mei school.
In the early stage of Peking Opera, a generation of old artists, represented by Mei Qiaoling, opened a chapter in the art of Peking Opera. The Mei School art initiated by Mei Qiaoling has made outstanding contributions to the perfection and development of Peking Opera performance art, and has also become an important founder of Mei School. Mei Zhufen, the son of Mei Qiaoling, the second generation successor of Mei School, inherited Mei Qiaoling's singing style very well, and he contributed a lot to the inheritance of Mei School art?
2. The establishment of Mei School.
In the 1920s and 1930s, Mei Lanfang, the grandson of Mei Qiaoling, inherited and developed the Mei School art. At that time, there were four famous artists in the history of Peking Opera, namely "Sung Hoon", which made the development of Peking Opera reach its peak and was an important symbol of Peking Opera's prosperity. Mei Lanfang founded the Dan School from the Mei School, and the best performance of Mei Lanfang in Peking Opera is Dan, so Mei Lanfang is the first person to establish an art institution in China.
In Beijing opera, women are collectively called "Dan", which can be subdivided into many occupations according to the age and personality of the role. The woman who plays a well-off family and has status is called "Zheng Dan", and Zheng Dan is commonly known as "Tsing Yi" in Beijing Opera, which is named after Zheng Dan's character often wears a blue robe. Dou E, the heroine in the Peking Opera Dou E Yuan, is a typical Tsing Yi character.
Tsing Yi's performance is solemn and demure, beautiful, elegant and gentle, and mainly focuses on singing. Generally speaking, Tsing Yi's singing is beautiful and delicate. Through continuous efforts, Mei Lanfang finally merged the fine arts of Beijing Opera, and merged the industries of Tsing Yi, Hua Dan and Beijing Opera Blues into one furnace, creating a unique performance form and singing style, which is known as the "Mei School" internationally and has a great influence.
3. Innovation of Mei School
Mei Lanfang's innovative Peking Opera Mei School art is not only the pinnacle of Chinese Peking Opera and even the whole China opera art, but also one of the three major performance systems in the world. The development of Mei school art naturally benefits from the opportunities of the times. At that time, elites gathered in Beijing, theaters and teahouses, and Mei Lanfang's "Mei Party" gathered in Yu Xuan also showed their magical powers, which made great contributions to Mei Lanfang's Mei School art at that time.
4. Integration of art and drama
China's plays can be said to be active ink paintings in terms of costumes, props, makeup and performances. Mei Lanfang knows to learn from paintings to help the drama. So he studied painting and asked some famous painters, including Qi Baishi, who loved Mei Lanfang's plays very much. Qi Baishi is Mei Lanfang's teacher and friend.
Mei Lanfang integrated art, life and interest, which allowed China traditional calligraphy and painting to enter drama, expanded the art field, broke the original art barrier, opened up a new way, and spread this new thing abroad.
5. Mei school inheritance
Mei Lanfang's life embodies the professionalism of continuous innovation and Excellence. He integrated creative ideas in many artistic fields into the stage performance of Beijing Opera, making the singing and performing arts of Beijing Opera perfect and becoming a far-reaching school. Form a unique artistic style. Among them, the representative plays that can best embody the art of Mei school are Farewell My Concubine, Drunk Imperial Lady, Mu and so on.
Therefore, Mei Baojiu, Mei Lanfang's son, received his father's instruction and guidance in the inheritance of Mei Pai art. As a leading figure of Mei school art and an important actor in Peking Opera, Mei Baojiu deeply felt the importance and urgency of the inheritance of Mei school art, and made positive efforts for it.
Among the outstanding successors of Mei School art, Hu Wenge is regarded as a rising star of Mei School. He studied under artists such as Mei Baojiu and worshipped Mei Baojiu. In the process of learning from Mei Baojiu, he inherited the Mei school art well, showed the charm of the male Dan art, and contributed his own strength to the inheritance and development of the Mei school art and the male Dan art.
(B) Drama theory
Mei Lanfang mainly performed in Beijing and Kunming all his life, creating many fashion dramas and costume dramas, and processing many traditional dramas, such as Yuanyang in prison, Guanchao, Deng, A wisp of hemp and the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon. His contribution to China's traditional operas is various, and his contribution to the theory of traditional operas is just one of them.
Mei Lanfang put forward "Three Points of China's Plays". First, it can break the gap between western drama and China drama. Secondly, all the movements and music in China's plays are totally postures. The so-called posturing means that all movements and music have a fixed way.
For example, action has its way, and music also has its way. All these ways can be used as artistic letters, and a play can be made by piecing together different letters. However, the actor in China's plays is not bound by this letter, and he can still exert his artistic talent and creation, among which Drunkenness of the Imperial Lady is one of the masterpieces.
Thirdly, the future trend of China (drama) must be modernization, not necessarily the modernization of drama and ontology, but the modernization of artistic conception and ethics in drama, such as background and lighting, which can also make it gesture and make it have a fixed way to express various emotions in drama. This is an experimental way of China's drama in the future.
These three points have important theoretical significance and practical value, and can provide beneficial enlightenment for the inheritance and development of Beijing Opera in China. Mr Mei Lanfang's rational exposition, rooted in the fertile soil of China's literary theory, is simple and easy to understand. This is a rare theoretical heritage of China's traditional opera, which is not only very important for summarizing Mei Lanfang's theoretical system of Peking Opera performance, but also enriches the theoretical system of China's opera performance, and is worthy of in-depth summary and research.
(C) the art of painting and calligraphy
Mei Lanfang's paintings are beautiful and refined, with both form and spirit, and profound artistic accomplishment. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's time, he made a living by selling paintings. Although Mr. Mei Lanfang's calligraphy is not as famous as his paintings, his calligraphy is profound and quiet. Mainly regular script, especially small script. The style of small letters comes from the small letters of the two kings, such as Le Yi Lun, Huang Ting Jing and Thirteen Lines, and is accompanied by the writing style of the Tang Dynasty.
Second, Anita Mui's acting experience
(A) the music era
1982, she won the first Hong Kong Rookie Singing Contest (now called the Global Chinese Rookie Singing Contest) with a song "The Season of the Wind", signed a contract with Huaxing Records Company, released her first album "Heart Debt", and officially entered the music world. 1983, Anita Mui released her second album Red Anita Mui, which won five platinum sales. 1983 won the Asian Special Award of Tokyo Music Festival.
1985, Anita Mui's album was released, and the title song "Time flies" was composed by world musician Kitaro. Liu Peiji, a fashion designer, packaged Anita Mui as a "man". Suits, sunglasses and wide shoulder pads give people a sense of heroic spirit, breaking the gentle image of traditional women.
From1985 65438+February 3 1 986 65438+1October 14, Anita Mui held her first solo concert "Anita Mui Concert" in the Hong Kong Red Room, continuously/kloc-. The album "Bad Girl" released in the same period sold 400,000 copies (8 platinum) in the first week, totaling 720,000 copies, which set a new record for the sales of personal records in Hong Kong and won the "IFPI Best Sales Award of the Year" the following year.
The witch girl was posted on 1986. Bad girls and witches are Anita Mui's early avant-garde rebellious images, and the subsequent avant-garde female images such as Tango on Fire, Red Lips, Lady and Dream Girl are the variation and continuation of bad girls and witches. 1987- 1988 On New Year's Eve, Anita Mui set a record of 28 concerts in the Hong Kong Red Chamber and won the title of "Mei 28".
In the same year, Anita Mui, as the only Asian female singer, was invited to participate in the "Olympic Prelude Show" of the Seoul Olympic Games and performed on the same stage with American female singer janet jackson. 1985- 1989 won the "most popular female singer" in pure jade gold for five consecutive years. In addition, she won the best actress in the film award and the most popular female singer in the music award with 1988.
From 65438 to 0990, Anita Mui held 30 solo concerts in Hongkong, and was named "Mei Thirty". Anita Mui publicly announced his withdrawal from the competition for music awards (all music awards won since then) at 1990 birthday party. 199 1 At the beginning of the year, Anita Mui decided to bid farewell to the stage after releasing his first Mandarin album "Close Lover", and held a "farewell concert" for 30 times. The scene was touching.
1994, Anita Mui released the record "This is the case". So far, the sales volume of Anita Mui's last album has exceeded10 million. Since then, she has released albums such as Flowers in the Mirror, Flowers for Women, and My Bed Feet So Bright. The image is still changeable and the song styles are diverse. Among them, songs such as "Woman Flower" and "I love you a thousand times in my life" became the representatives of Anita Mui's national anthem.
The foot of the bed is so bright, a Chinese song, is an attempt in a new field. With her interpretation, it is full of strong literary atmosphere. 1995, Anita Mui started to tour the mainland for the first time. Anita Mui couldn't resist the enthusiasm of the fans, and finally temporarily added the forbidden song "Bad Girl". Although the lyrics are sensitive, they are still considered illegal and the rest of the concert has to be cancelled. Since then, Anita Mui has been "banned for seven years" in the Mainland, and he has lost the qualification to hold solo concerts in the Mainland.
1998 Anita Mui won the Golden Needle Award, the highest honor in Hong Kong music. 1999 At the beginning of this year, Anita Mui was invited to participate in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala performance. After entering the new century, Anita Mui is no longer active in the front line, but is more actively committed to the exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong performing arts circles, as well as supporting the younger generation.
In 2002, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of her career, Anita Mui devoted herself to making a music album "with", which included songs she sang with her friends 1 1. Six female singers (Sammi Cheng, Miriam Yeung, Joey Yung, He Yunshi, Liang Yongqi and Kelly Chen) sang "Time flies" to pay tribute to Hong Kong's Top Ten Emerald Pure Gold Awards.
In the same year, a world tour concert (fantasy concert) was held to commemorate the entry into China. Because the mainland was lifted, Anita Mui asked to sing in Beijing and Shanghai, and finally only one concert was allowed in Shanghai, which became the only concert outside Cantonese in Anita Mui's life. From June 5438 to 10, 2003, Anita Mui, who was suffering from cancer, took to the Red Pavilion stage. The Red Pavilion is a swan song: Anita Mui bid farewell to the classic concert in 2003 and held the last concert, Anita Mui's classic golden melody concert.
At the end of 2003, Anita Mui won two honors in China (China Gold Record Award "Jury's Artistic Achievement Award" and China Original Song Award "Outstanding Contribution Award"), becoming the first Hong Kong singer to win the China National Music Artistic Achievement Award. At the beginning of 2004, MTV Asia Awards and Music Billboard awarded Anita Mui the honor of paying tribute and praising Anita Mui's life devoted to music.
On June 8, 2005, Hongkong Post launched the "Hong Kong Pop Singers" stamp series, and Anita Mui, Danny Chan, Leslie Cheung, Amy Tan and Ka Kui Wong were praised as singers who issued stamps. In 2009, according to the World Recording Association, Anita Mui was selected as the "Female Singer with the Most Chinese solo concerts in the world" with 292 solo concerts around the world.
(B) Hong Kong opera era
1984 starred in the TV series "Hongkong Nocturne", which is the only TV series in which Anita Mui appeared. The play plays a singer who has experienced twists and turns, and his role can be described as tailor-made. Her singer has a unique style and a little vicissitudes, and her superb acting skills are impressive. It is precisely because the drama is about the singer's career that a large number of songs appear, which is another feature of this TV series.
(3) The film age
1984' s fate is the best supporting actress who won her an Oscar. 1987-1988 "rouge buckle" was released, in which a tragic oriental ghost left Anita Mui and became the "four heroines", and the role of "flower" became a classic figure in film history. 1990, the film "Chuan Dao Yoshiko" was released. Chuan Dao Yoshiko is a controversial legend in modern China, and Anita Mui's performance has both form and spirit, which appropriately interprets this role.
199 1 was nominated as the best actress at Tokyo International Film Festival for her war literary film "Once Again". Death Judge (1992) is a representative comedy of Anita Mui. She played with Stephen Chow, the king of Wulitou, and her performance was not inferior at all. Among them, the classic dialogue and well-held action expression have become the highlights of the film.
1993 "Hero Trio" turned into a female flash. In the film, not only the shapes are changeable, but also the smooth play is a major attraction of the film. 1997 In the movie Half-Life, Anita Mui plays Gu Manlu, who gave up her lover to be a dancer in order to support her family and missed love. She made a detailed interpretation of the feelings of love and hate, and won the Best Supporting Actress Award at the 17 Hong Kong Film Awards and the Best Supporting Actress Award at the 3rd Golden Bauhinia Awards.
In the 200 1 movie Zhong Wuyan, she played the villain for the first time, bringing the fatuous and lewd Qi Xuanwang to life, and won the most outstanding actress award of Ming Pao Weekly for her acting strength award. In 2002, the film Rhapsody in July was the last play of Anita Mui's life. She played an ordinary housewife, portrayed the protagonist's plain and delicate heart, and won the title of Best Actress in Changchun Film Festival in one fell swoop.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Mei Lanfang
Baidu Encyclopedia-Anita Mui