1. Address people in classical Chinese and explain why
There are the following types of address words in classical Chinese: There are roughly three situations in which people are called by their names: (1) Self-proclaimed names or name.
For example, "Within five steps, Xiangru will be able to splatter blood on his neck," and "Luling Wen Tianxiang prefaced his poem by himself." (2) Used for introduction or biography.
For example, "Sui and Lu Su both went to Sun Quan", "Liu Jingting was a native of Taizhou". (3) Call someone you hate or despise.
For example, "Unfortunately, Master Lu and Meng Gou were evil in front, and Jia Yuqing was flattering in the back." The ancients named the names when they were young, and then picked them up as adults (20 years old for men and 15 years old for women). There is a meaningful connection between the words and the names.
The name is for the convenience of others, and it is out of politeness and respect for peers or seniors. For example, Qu Ping is called Qu Yuan, Sima Qian is called Sima Zichang, Tao Yuanming is called Tao Yuanliang, Li Bai is called Li Taibai, Du Fu is called Du Zimei, Han Yu is called Han Tuizhi, Liu Zongyuan is called Liu Zihou, Ouyang Xiu is called Ouyang Yongshu, Sima Guang is called Sima Junshi, Su Shi For Su Zizhan, Su Zhe for Su Ziyou and so on.
Titles are also called aliases and table numbers. The fundamental difference between a name, a given name and a nickname is that the former is chosen by the father or elders, while the latter is chosen by oneself.
The title is generally only used to refer to oneself to show a certain interest or express a certain emotion; it is also a title of honor for a person. For example: Tao Qian was known as Mr. Wuliu, Li Bai was known as Qinglian Jushi, Du Fu was known as Shaoling Yelao, Bai Juyi was known as Xiangshan Jushi, Li Shangyin was known as Yuxisheng, He Zhizhang was known as Siming Kuangke in his later years, Ouyang Xiu was known as Drunkard, and Liuyi Jushi in his later years. In his later years, Wang Anshi was known as Banshan, Su Shi was known as Dongpo Jushi, Lu You was known as Fangweng, Wen Tianxiang was known as Wenshan, Xin Qiji was known as Jiaxuan, Li Qingzhao was known as Yi Anjushi, Yang Wanli was known as Chengzhai, Luo Guanzhong was known as Huhaisanren, Guan Hanqing was known as Jizhaisou, and Wu Chengen The names are from Sheyangshan, Fang Bao is from Wangxi, Wu Jian is from Foshan, Yuan Mei is from Suiyuan Laoren, and Liu E is from Hongdu Bailiansheng.
Posthumous titles: In ancient times, the titles added to princes, generals, ministers, senior officials, and famous scribes after their death were called posthumous titles. For example, Tao Yuanming is called Jingjie Zhengshi, Ouyang Xiu is Ouyang Wenzhonggong, Wang Anshi is Wang Wengong, Fan Zhongyan is Fan Wenzhenggong, Wang Ao is Wang Zhongsu Gong, Zuo Guangdou is Zuo Zhongyi Gong, Shi Kefa is Shi Zhonglie Gong, and Lin Zexu is Lin Wenzhong. male.
Calling the treacherous minister Qin Hui "Miao Chou" is an "evil posthumous title". Calling a house by its name means calling it by its house number or room number.
For example, the Southern Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli’s restaurant was named Chengzhai, and people called it Yang Chengzhai; Yao Nai was called Yao Xibao and Mr. Xibao because his restaurant was named Xibaoxuan. Another example is calling Pu Songling Mr. Liaozhai, Liang Qichao the owner of the ice drinking room, and Tan Sitong Tan Zhuangfei (the name of his restaurant is Zhuangfei Tower).
For example, the poet Meng Haoran of the Tang Dynasty was from Xiangyang, so he was called Meng Xiangyang; Zhang Jiuling was from Qujiang, so he was called Zhang Qujiang; Liu Zongyuan was from Hedong (now Yongji, Shanxi), so he was called Liuhedong; Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty was called Liu Hedong. He was from Linchuan, Jiangxi, so he was called Wang Linchuan; the Ming Dynasty dramatist Tang Xianzu was called Tang Linchuan (from Linchuan, Jiangxi); the Qing Dynasty playwright Gu Yanwu was from Tinglin Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu, and was called Gu Tinglin; Kang Youwei was from Nanhai, Guangdong , known as Kang Nanhai; the leader of the Beiyang warlord Yuan Shikai was known as Yuan Xiangcheng (from Xiangcheng, Henan). In the late Qing Dynasty, there was a famous couplet full of irony: "The prime minister Hefei is thin in the world, and the agricultural minister Changshu is destitute in the world."
"Hefei" in the first couplet refers to Li Hongzhang (from Hefei, Anhui), and "Changshu" in the second couplet means he was born in Jiangsu Weng Tongjie from Changshu. Although Han Yu was called Jun Wang, he was from Heyang, Hanoi (now Meng County, Henan Province), but because the Han family in Changli (now Yixian County, Liaoning Province) was a prominent family in the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu often called himself "Changli Han Yu", and the world called him Han Changli. .
Another example is Su Shi, who was originally from Meizhou, Sichuan, but he sometimes jokingly called himself "Su Shi from Zhaojun" or "Su Zhaojun" because the Su family was a prominent family in Zhaojun. The official name is such as "Sun Tuolu is smart and benevolent", "Sun Tuolu" is Sun Quan, because he was awarded the official position of general Tuolu, so he was called.
"Mei Hualing Ji" has the sentence "Jing Lue came from the north" and "it is said that Taishi Yan used troops to relieve the enemy, and Wen Shaobao also realized the Great Bright Dharma and escaped from the cicada". "Jing Lue" is Hong Chengchou "Taishi" is the provincial title of Yan Zhenqing's official position "Prince Taishi", and "Shaobao" is Wen Tianxiang's official position. "A Letter to His Wife": "Sima Chunshan, I cannot imitate the Supreme Being's forgetfulness of love."
"Sima" refers to Bai Juyi, who was the Sima of Jiangzhou. It was quite common in ancient times to use official names as titles of people, for example, Jia Yi was called Taifu Jia; Ruan Ji, one of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", served as an infantry captain and was called Ruan Infantry in the world; Ji Kang once worshiped the doctor of Zhongsan and was called Ji in the world. Zhongsan; Wang Xizhi, the great calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was promoted to the general of the Youjun Army, and people still call him Wang Youjun; Wang Wei once served as Shangshu Youcheng, and was known as Wang Youcheng in the world; Du Fu once served as Zuo Shiyi, so he was called Du Shiyi, and because he served as inspector He was a member of the Ministry of Industry, so he was also called Du Gongbu; Liu Yuxi was a guest of the prince, so he was called a guest Liu; Liu Yong was a member of the Tuntian, and was called Liu Tuntian; Su Shi was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy in Duanming Palace, and was called Su Xueshi .
The title of the title "Xun Jian Shi Kang" "Kou Laigong was the most extravagant in modern times." Kou Zhun's title was Lai Guogong, and Laigong was the provincial title. "The Story of Meihua Ridge" "Prince Heshuo of Yu called him Sir", and Duduo was named Prince of Yu in the Qing Dynasty.
"The Biography of Liu Jingting" "When Ningnan went south, the commander-in-chief of Anhui wanted to marry Ningnan, so he paid tribute to Ting in the shogunate." Ningnan is the provincial name of Ningnanhou, the title of Zuoliang Yujue in the late Ming Dynasty. Another example is that Zhuge Liang once conferred the title of Marquis of Wuxiang, so later generations called him Marquis of Wu; the poet Xie Lingyun of the Southern and Northern Dynasties inherited the title of his ancestor Xie Xuan, Kang Le Gong, and he was called Xie Kang Le in his later life; The famous general Guo Ziyi was knighted as the Duke of Fenyang County for his meritorious service in pacifying the "Anshi Rebellion", and was known as Guo Fenyang in the world; the great calligrapher Chu Suiliang was knighted as the Duke of Henan Province, and was known as Chu Henan in the world; Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty was knighted as the Duke of Jingguo, and was known as Wang Jinggong in the world; Sima Guangzeng He was granted the title Wen Guogong, known as Sima Wen Gong in the world. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang's minister Liu Ji was granted the title Lord Chengyi, and people regarded him as Lord Chengyi.
Official place refers to the name of the place where the official is appointed. For example, "The Battle of Chibi": "Where do you want to go to Yuzhou now?" Because Liu Bei once served as the governor of Yuzhou, it was called the official land.
Another example is that Jia Yi was once demoted to the title of Prince Taifu of Changsha, and was known as Jia Changsha in the world; Kong Rong, one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an", served as the Prime Minister of Beihai, and was known as Kong Beihai in the world; Tao Yuanming once served as the magistrate of Pengze County, and was known as Kong Beihai in the world. Tao Pengze; King Luo Bin once served as the Prime Minister of Linhai County, known as Luo Linhai in the world; Cen Shen once served as the governor of Jiazhou, known as Cen Jiazhou in the world; Wei Yingwu once served as the governor of Suzhou, known as Wei Suzhou in the world; Liu Zongyuan once served as the governor of Liuzhou, known as Liuliuzhou in the world; Jia Dao once served as the governor of Liuzhou, known as Liuliuzhou in the world; He served as the chief administrator of Changjiang County and was known as Jia Changjiang in the world. His collection of poems is called "Changjiang Collection". Also known as "The four of them, Luling" in "A Journey to Bao Chan Mountain".
2. How can you address others in classical Chinese?
Because you asked this question, I also learned it. I will extract and organize other people’s answers for you. If you have any questions or are unclear, please feel free to ask
First person:
Male: I, Yu, Yu, Wu, Chen (to the king), I (self-proclaimed by the emperor), I am under, trivial, late Jin (to the seniors), Xiaosheng (to the man) woman), its (rarely seen, usually in the third person), student (to the teacher)
Female: concubine, concubine, concubine, slave family, little girl, I, concubine (to the king) )
Second person (generally, there seems to be no distinction between men and women):
Son, you, female (tongru), step, if, and, nai, you, you, etc. (plural ), Sir (to the teacher), Your Majesty (to the king), Master (to the master), Qing, Aiqing (the king to his ministers)
Third person:
Sir, Master, He, his, and other pronouns
To address yourself to others:
Father: family father, family monarch, family strictness
Mother: family mother, family kindness
Son: Quanzi, Xiaoer
Daughter: Xiaonv
What others call him:
Father: Your Majesty, Ling Yan
Mother: Lingtang, Lingci
Son: Lingzi, Linggongzi
Daughter: Lingmei, Lingai
1. Questions from people who meet for the first time The surname is your surname, and when asked about the name, it is Taifu. When he says his surname, he says, "my surname is so and so," and when he says his first name, he says his surname is so-and-so.
2. Those who have relatives and friends should be commensurate with each other by their names. It is common to call someone Mr. or brother, and call yourself brother. An old person is called Mr. Lao, and he calls himself a later scholar, or he calls himself a self-named person.
3. Address a person’s father as your father, and your mother as your father. When you address others as your parents, you call them family strict, and you call them family loving. When meeting a friend's father, he calls him uncle, his mother calls her aunt, and she calls herself late or nephew.
4. The ancestor of a person is called Lingzu Gong, and the grandmother is called Mrs. Lingzu. When people call themselves ancestors, they call them family ancestors. Grandmother is called the grandmother of the family. When meeting people's grandparents, they call them great uncle or great aunt. Just call yourself by your own name.
5. When calling a person’s brother, he is called your brother, and your brother is your brother. To call yourself a brother to others is to say that the brother of the family is the younger brother. When calling a person's sister, she is called your sister, your sister. When she calls herself sister to others, she calls her sister-in-law and sister-in-law. When you meet someone's brother, call him Mr. Ji, or Jixiong, call yourself little brother. When meeting people's sisters, they are collectively called sisters, and they call themselves little brothers. (The book title is called "Servant")
6. When addressing someone's wife, they say "Ling Zheng" or "Zun Madam"; when addressing others, they call their own wife "Zhou Jing" or "Jian Nei". When you meet someone's wife, you call her your sister-in-law and call her your own name. (A woman can call herself sister)
7. A woman calls her husband a certain gentleman in the house, and calls her husband a wife to others. When meeting someone's husband, it is better to avoid addressing someone by calling him Mr. If necessary, just address him as himself.
8. When addressing a person’s son, he calls him son or young master, and when calling a woman’s daughter, she calls her your love, or female master. He calls his son Xiao'er and his daughter Xiaonv. When you see the son of a man, you call him brother, he calls himself younger brother, he calls his daughter sister, you don’t call yourself brother.
9. When calling someone’s grandson or granddaughter, they are called his grandson and his daughter-in-law. When he calls his grandson and his daughter-in-law to others, he calls him Xiaosun, and he calls him little daughter-in-law. When you see someone's grandson and daughter-in-law, you call them son or miss.
10. When addressing a person or a deceased elder, add the character "Xian". For example, when addressing a person as his/her parents, one would say that one should first respect one's wife; if one refers to oneself as one's parents, one would say that one should be strict before being kind, and so on. There is no need to add another word when addressing a person's deceased subordinate, just "my former brother" is enough. When calling someone's late descendant, it is okay to add the word "dead" or "my former brother".
11. Call someone’s uncle-in-law and aunt, and say your uncle-in-law and your aunt. To others, she calls herself aunt-in-law, aunt-in-law. When meeting people's uncles and aunts, they call them old sir and old lady; those who have good friendships can call them old uncle and old aunt.
12. Addressing someone’s uncle or aunt is called your mother’s uncle or your aunt. Addressing others as uncle and aunt, they are called mother-in-law, uncle, and aunt. When you meet someone's uncle and aunt, call them imitation Qian.
13. Addressing someone’s father-in-law and mother-in-law is called Ling Yue Ling’s mother-in-law. When addressing people as parents-in-law, they call them mother-in-law.
When you meet someone's parents-in-law, they will be called as before.
14. Calling a person's nephew is called his nephew. When calling someone's nephew, he is called Ling's nephew. When someone calls his son-in-law, he calls him his son-in-law. When calling yourself nephew, nephew, or son-in-law, I call you my nephew, my nephew, and my son-in-law.
15. When addressing people’s relatives and friends, they call them “relatives” and “noble friends”. To address one's relatives and friends to others is to say that one is giving up one's relatives and friends.
16. A person who is called a teacher is called a Lingshi, and a student is called a Linggaozu. When he calls himself his teacher to others, he calls him his master. He calls himself a poor disciple. He calls himself master, Master or my master. He calls himself a disciple, or a disciple.
17. When addressing someone as an officer, you say you are the chief (academy, department, department, bureau, etc.). When someone is called a subordinate, they are called noble subordinates or noble subordinates. When addressing others, you can address yourself as an officer, as I am a certain chief, as a subordinate, as a colleague, as a colleague, or as a subordinate, and you can also call me a certain surname or position.
18. When you call someone your master, you say you are noble; when you call someone your servant, you say respect. When you address someone as your master, you say "My Lord"; when you address yourself as a servant, you say "Little Price".
(P.S.)
1. The matter of address is very complicated. It is customary in various places, and the names for direct meeting are especially different, so it is difficult to record them. This section only records those commonly used in external communications.
2. Among relatives, the names are very subtle, and every wrong word will cause laughter. This edition is compiled for general use, so it is not reproduced in detail. 3. Titles that represent you in classical Chinese
Er, Jun, Nai
1. Pinyin of you: nǐ
Definition:
1 , call each other, often refer to one person, sometimes also refer to several people: your factory. Your side.
2. Generally refers to anyone: life or death.
2. Pinyin of Er: ěr
Definition:
1. You, your: Father. Your generation. Er Ru (you and I are commensurate and have a close relationship). Ercao (you people). Intrigue and deception.
2. So: occasionally. But little.
3. That (referring to time): then. Afterwards.
4. That’s all, that’s all (also called “ear”): “The anger of commoners is also the result of wearing bare clothes and robbing the earth with their heads.”
5. The end of the word is equivalent to "地" and "Ran": zhuoer. Easily (easily).
3. Pinyin: nǎi
Interpretation:
1. Talent: I got it now. "Cut its throat, drain all its flesh, and then go away."
2. Yes, for: He is a real man.
3. Jing: Even so.
4. So, "Because the mountain is so steep, I rested for a while on the mountainside."
5. You, yours: are the father. Nai brother.
Extended information
Chinese character strokes:
Related word groups:
1. Mini [mí nǐ]
Attribute words. Refers to the smaller of similar items; small.
2. You [nǐ gè]
You.
3. Youdun [nǐ dūn]
Mongolian. Eye.
4. Cut you [xiāo nǐ]
Beat you, hit you, or punish or threaten you.
5. Regardless [guǎn nǐ]
Regardless; no matter.