Bofeishu Yan Shu

Yan Shu has four kinds of comments on Bofei's calligraphy, namely, Shu Fu, Yu Fei Bai Fu, Xie Ci Shu Biao and Yu Fei Bai Fu, among which Shu Fu is the most important. This paper describes the whole process of the emergence, development and maturity of calligraphy style, which can be called an essay on calligraphy history. The so-called "flying white" is a special calligraphy style, and its main feature is that the strokes are sandwiched in the middle. As Song and Huang explained in "On the East View": "Take it as white as silk, and it will fly. It is different from a dry pen. A dry pen is occasionally white, or sometimes black and sometimes white, while "flying white" is a little white. As for "Bai Fei", Shen Songkuo said in Meng Qian Bi Tan: "The ancients used prose as official script, which was called" Bai Fei ",while Cai Mojun (that is, Cai Xiang) used prose as cursive script in recent years, which was called" Bai Fei ". Huang also said to him, "The situation in Bai Fei is similar to that in China, but it is increasing." . So I infer that "flying white" was written by calligraphers with a loose brush or a white brush, which is similar to the broom of Hongdumen handyman. It is impossible to write "flying white" with a round pen wrapped around the front.

Historical textual research

Both Yan Shu and Calligraphy History believe that Bai Fei was written by Cai Yong, a scholar and calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the author of the Book of Songs in Xiping. Cai Yong was ordered by the spiritual emperor to write the holy emperor, and the book was completed. When he saw the handyman with a broom stained with dust, his heart moved and he came back. But this description also makes us clearly see that Cai Yong's Flying White was created under the inspiration of factotum.

Yan Shu mentioned that "the sacrifice of white does not fly, and the son does not fly." This is a comment on the "flying white" in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties from the perspective of development, which can be said to be generally in line with reality. As we know, after Cai Yong completed the creation of Bai Fei in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were Wei Wendi Cao Pi, Wu Sundi Hao, Zhang Hong and Shu Dan in the Three Kingdoms, Wang Kui, Wang Xizhi and Liu Shao in the Jin Dynasty, Xiao Ziyun, Sui Yangdi Yang Guang in the Qi Dynasty and so on. Among them, Zhang, Shu, Wang and Xiao's Flying White was listed as a "wonderful work" by Li Simiao's Book of the Back in Tang Dynasty. Zhang Hongzhi's Flying White is wonderful. At that time, it was like a cloud tour, and it was like a stormy sea. The flying fairy was in a different state from the dancing crane. "Wang Kun's" Flying White "is extremely ancient, and the right army (Wang Xizhi) is not as good as it is. (For all the above, see "The Narrative" written by Zhang Huaiquan in the Tang Dynasty. However, there is always a process for the development and perfection of things. When Bai Fei's calligraphy was first founded, the prominent tendency was to fly less and be more white, and all of them used the method of opening letters. When I arrived at the small Ziyun in Qiliang, it seemed to be overcorrected, with more white and less flying. Like Yanji in Kevin·Z? Volume two? Liu Youding noted in the book Essentials: "The ancient method is so rare and white that it is still eight points. Since Xiao Ziyun has changed, it has become whiter and whiter. " Emperor Taizong even thought that Xiao Shu (mainly referring to his Flying White) "has no husband's spirit and walks like a snake in autumn." "Although a thousand rabbits are bald, they have no strength to gather one. (See the Book of Jin? Wang Xizhi's biography is much harsher than strict criticism. Yan's and Liu Youding's views are basically the same, both of which belong to traditional views.