What is the charm? Rhyme is based on qi, and taste is vivid.
In the Catalogue of Ancient Paintings, the Southern Dynasty painter Sheikh put forward six kinds of painting methods: first, vivid; second, writing with a pen; third, pictographic representation; fourth, coloring with classes; fifth, operating position; and sixth, transferring modeling. Guo commented that the six methods are refined and will never change. Among them, "vivid charm" has become the basic requirement of painting and calligraphy creation and the primary standard of painting and calligraphy tasting for more than 1000 years.
A popular view is that "charm" means temperament, style, spirit, charm and so on. This kind of understanding is too vague for people to ponder and grasp, and it is difficult to guide the practice of painting and calligraphy creation. ?
"Yun Qi", Qi is the noumenon of rhyme, and rhyme is determined by Qi. In the Qing Dynasty, Dai Wai's Sketch said: "The six methods are based on verve, with spirit, there is rhyme, without spirit, it is dull." Fang Daishan's still house painting also said: "Vivid charm is the first meaning, but it must be based on qi." Full of energy, swaying vertically and horizontally, no obstacle to the machine. In the meantime, the rhyme is vivid. The vitality of old Du Yun is still wet', which is vivid. "
What is qi? China's traditional theory of "primordial energy" holds that "qi" is the origin of all things and life, which overflows the universe and human body. Ge Hong said: "People are in qi, qi is in people, and everything from heaven and earth is born without qi." Zhuangzi said: "When people are born, they gather together; If you gather, you will live, but if you disperse, you will die. So the world is full of ears. " Mencius said, "Those who are angry are covered." Anger is on ourselves. The pipe said: "If you are angry, you will live; If you don't get angry, you die; Be angry when you are alive. " Qi is a symbol of life activities.
What is rhyme? Shuowen Jiezi interprets "rhyme" as "harmony", which refers to the harmonious state of rhythm and rhythm in music. Mr. Zong Baihua said: "The theme of Chinese painting is vivid, that is, the rhythm of life or rhythmic life." In my opinion, the material form of rhyme is rhythm and rhythm, and the highest realm of rhyme is "the lingering sound lingers for three days." When commenting on Li Longmian's paintings, Huang Tingjian said that "rhyme is endless" and that "people in Wei and Jin dynasties talk about things with little words and dense meanings, and most of them still have the style of the ancients, which can be imagined. It is especially rare for a character to win by rhyme, and the bookkeeper can view it by rhyme as if it were. " Fan Wen, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said that rhyme is "walking in simple gossip, but it has a profound and endless charm." The spiritual pursuit of rhyme is "more than enough", that is, the lingering sound is endless. Therefore, the charm, I think, is the aftertaste of rhythm and rhythm after the end.
Laozi said, "Everything is negative and holds Yang, while rushing is thought to be harmonious". The sum of rhyme depends on "rushing qi", that is, the transportation of qi, just like the sum of all nature. The charm of calligraphy and painting works is also the result of the transformation of qi, which is created by qi.
In the process of writing, how is the gas transported? Mencius said, "A man's ambition is to be handsome." Ambition means meaning. The process of promoting qi is manifested in calligraphy, that is, to be handsome with meaning and to guide qi with meaning; Use gas to make pens, and use gas to transport pens; I mean angry and I mean strong.
I used to think that the ancients said "using qi to transport pens" was mysterious, but now I know that the ancients are sincere and deceptive!
Pen power is the power generated by qi, not brawn. Breath is a living pen, but no breath is a dead pen. Using air to transport pens naturally has vitality and will be vivid; When you use air to transport the pen, it will naturally form rhythm and rhythm, and the charm will come out. This process is a natural writing process. In this process, you will be calm, pay attention to the present, find a sense of breath, the pen will be round and smooth, and the rhyme will be natural.
The pen is round, emphasizing both the center and the meaning and gesture of the pen. The circle is smooth, and it gathers gas and contains gas. Song Ying Xing said in "Qi Xu": "Musical instruments made by saints are round and square. What does it mean? Said: This is also the saying that gathering gas can contain gas. " Although this is about the modeling of musical instruments, the reason is the same.
In the process of transporting chemical gas, different people and temperament endowments have different effects. The difference of personal endowment and temperament is reflected in the difference of breath in the works. Liu Xizai's "A Brief Introduction to Arts and Literature" said that "the morale is the most important thing in writing, but if the spirit of women, the spirit of the army, the spirit of villages, the spirit of the city, the spirit of artisans, the spirit of putrefaction, the spirit of nausea, the spirit of rivers and lakes, the spirit of courtesy and the spirit of wine, meat, vegetables and bamboo shoots are all abandoned by scholars". Morality is bookish, women are coquettish, belligerence is arrogant, the countryside is vulgar, the city is vulgar, craftsmen are rap, rancid is headscarf, rudeness is rude, arrogance is smart, and so on. Zou Yigui's Painting Mountain in the Qing Dynasty put forward: "Painting should avoid six qi: first, it is tacky, such as a village girl smearing fat; Second, the craftsman is angry and the work has no rhyme; Third, anger, pen battles and sharp edges are too exposed; Fourth, it is grassy, rough and rarely elegant; The fifth is that the boudoir is angry, the description is weak, and there is no power at all. The sixth is black and ignorant, and evil is unbearable. "Kang Youwei said:" It is the most difficult thing for a husband's art industry to be full of gas. "Because of the high gas, it belongs to extra-word kung fu.
There seem to be two ideals in the atmosphere of calligraphy and painting: implicit and vivid; The moon god is beaming and magnificent. Liu Xizai said, "Books should have yin and yang. Generally, it is gloomy; Seven or eight Hao Da, Yang Ye. " "Gao Yun is affectionate, firm and heroic, which is indispensable for books."
I feel that Nanyou is the main rhyme, the deep meaning is the charm, and the charm is included; The North Monument dominates the situation, indulging in the momentum and the momentum is obvious. Wang Xizhi said: "To deepen the meaning of the book, there is an intention in the painting, and there are endless words." The pursuit is charm. Wang Duo said, "Every book should be based on Tan Bin's sword. Sometimes it will be uneven and emotional, which will make your fingers numb." The pursuit is momentum.
Examining the history of calligraphy, we can see that the charm of iron science is highly respected. Because "harmony" is an excellent tradition and a major feature of Chinese culture, the ancient people in China advocated the doctrine of the mean and harmony, and its charm has implicit artistic characteristics, which is more in line with the ancient people's pursuit of life.
The "momentum" of calligraphy, Wang Duo and Fu Shan are "putting on airs", with horses in array and spears flying everywhere; Shi Feng said, "Words are like Crouching Tiger", which is a publicity stunt and lies in "bending horses and bows". Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is magnificent, such as the sky in Yue Long and the tiger lying in the phoenix pavilion.
Huang Yue said, "I have tried to comment that Mi Yuanzhang's calligraphy is like a sword, and a strong crossbow can shoot thousands of miles, which should be penetrated, and the calligrapher's brushwork is also poor." However, it seems that Zhong You never met Confucius when he was young. "Charm and momentum are judged by one word.
Li Rihua said in Zitaoxuan Miscellaneous Notes: "Where there is a thing, you can get its shape, but you can't get its potential; Get momentum, not rhyme; Get its rhythm, not its gender. The shape of Fiona Fang is flat and can be taken with a pen; You can take it with a pen, but you can't take it all with a pen If you participate in the image, someone will be out of reach with a pen. The vivid interest of rhymers can be acquired suddenly by wandering in the air, but not by thinking. Nature is nature, skills are familiar, self-presenting and unacceptable. " Although this is a painting, it can be understood in books.
Both charm and momentum are inseparable from qi. Qi has innate qi and acquired qi. Calligraphy and painting involve collecting and nourishing qi, regulating qi and promoting qi. About the adoption spirit, it is only the cultivation of knowledge, affection and intention, which is related to the quality of learning, and I don't want to say more. Regarding the adjustment of qi, Cai Yong said: "Fu Shu, sit quietly and meditate first, feel at ease, can't say it, and the qi is not full of interest, heavy and dense; If you are supreme, there is nothing wrong. " Wang Xizhi said, "If you want to learn calligraphy, you should first learn ink and concentrate on meditation." That's right. Lifting qi is the transportation of qi in the process of writing, as mentioned earlier.
In short, "the overall situation of the book is based on qi." Shi Tao (Wang Sengqian dialect) said: "There are snow at four o'clock, rain and shine. Anyway, there are yin and yang contrast points, ink painting mixed points, bud algae silk tassels connected points, empty, wide, dry and tasteless points, ink without smoke points, glue like paint loose and transparent points, and two points. I don't want to tell the economist that my head will be cut off day and night." Hey! There is no fixed law in the law, and the spirit is the chapter. "Qi is to book, why so?
Whether it is the charm of post-school or the momentum of stele study, we must see it in silence. Static state is the foundation, the mind is restless, and the spirit has no foundation.