They all came out of Su Shi's house, and the first four people were called to publicize, that is, Su Shi himself. He said:? Such as Huang Tingjian, Chao, Qin Guan, etc., are unknown to the world, but history is the only prophet. ? (Answer Lee). In addition, the Fourth Bachelor of Sumen, Chen Shidao and Li Zhi are also called the Sixth Bachelor of Sumen.
Huang Tingjian introduced:
Huang Tingjian (1045 ~ 1 105) was a poet and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. Word,No. Valley,No. Fucheng Weng. A native of Fenning, Hongzhou (now Xiushui, Jiangxi). His father Huang Shu is a poet specializing in Du Fu, and his uncle Chang Li is a bibliophile. Huang Tingjian has been eager to learn since childhood, and has read hundreds of classics and histories. Yingzong Zhiping for four years (1067), Jinshi. During the reign of Zong Shenxi Ning, Huang Tingjian successively served as deputy commander of Ye County in Ruzhou (now Henan) and professor of Imperial Academy in Beijing. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he knew Taihe County in Jizhou (now Jiangxi), and his decrees were simple and simple. In seven years, I moved to Deping Town, Texas. Yuan □ went to Beijing to compile Zong Shenzhi, during which Su Shi made some contributions and was hired as a counselor. After the Record was completed, Huang Tingjian moved to live in Sheren. When Shao Shengxin was in party constitution, officials such as Yuan Jiuchen and Huang Tingjian were falsely accused of illegal revision, and were sentenced to move to Fuzhou (now Fuling, Sichuan) and Guizhou (now Pengshui, Sichuan), and then moved to Rongzhou (now Yibin, Sichuan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne, was ordered to move in, and because of Tingzhi Zhao's exclusion, he was moved out of Yizhou (now Yishan, Guangxi) and died in the relegated mansion. Huang Tingjian is the first of the four bachelor's degrees in Sumen. His political attitude is similar to that of Su Shi. He disapproved of Wang Anshi's political reform, but he cared about state affairs and sympathized with the people. He is ambitious, knowledgeable and moral. My husband is ambitious, but his chest is very low. This year, he was penniless and heroic ("The Second Song of Yang"), which can be regarded as his self-portrayal. He is in adversity. If you are poor, you will be happy, if you are flat, you will be comfortable, and you will not worry about losing (Biography of Mr. yu zhang). I have been influenced by Confucianism and Zen all my life. Huang Tingjian said in "A Letter to Hong Ju's Father": It is the most difficult to make up your own words. Lao Du wrote poetry and retired his composition. Although he took the words of the ancients into calligraphy, it was like a magic pill. There is also Huang Tingjian's method of taking fetus instead of bone in Cold Zhai Ye Hua, which is regarded as a creative program by Jiangxi Poetry School and has a negative influence on later writers. The theory of "taking a fetus and turning it into a bone" cannot be found in Gu's works, but it is not necessarily an important proposition in his poetry creation. In his letter about turning the stone into gold, he also said: every article should be interesting, that is, it should have its own theme; He also said that people who can write articles from the past can really cultivate anything. It is precisely because of the author's own theme that although the old saying is adopted, it is only used as an edification. Therefore, his thesis did not neglect the social function, and thought that the article should be ambitious and must be done later (Preface to Wang Dingguo's Collected Works). In this way, he praised Du Fu for his good poems and current affairs (quoted from Pan Zizhen's poems). The relationship between reason and words must be based on reason, reasonable and logical (reply to the crown). He also thinks that the poet's humanity (Shu Wang Zhi Zai Shan Zashi), the article is based on ingenuity, and there is no trace of the past (Send to Yuan Zhong). Huang Tingjian also said that he is good at writing strange words, because the article is sick and has no axe to scratch, and he is a good ear (reply to Wang Guan). He advocates that the poems written by Ya should be written to the heart, and the Zhuang language should not be colorful (two rhymes gather in the country, and the disease is in Jixi), so naturally he does not carve (painting the Taoist Fu of dead wood). These two views are naturally different.
Qin Guan said:
Qin Guan (1049 ~ 1 100) was a poet in the northern song dynasty. There are few lines and the words are too empty. In Hangou, he is called a layman, and scholars call him Mr. Huaihai. Gaoyou (now Jiangsu) people. When I was young, I lost my father, took care of my mother's home, borrowed books and studied hard. Handsome personality, like reading art books. In the tenth year of Zongshen Xining (1077), he visited Su Shi in Xuzhou and wrote "Ode to the Yellow Emperor", which was completed. Su Shi was praised as a gifted scholar in the Song Dynasty. In the seventh year of Yuan Feng (1084), he compiled a collection of poems with a volume of 10, named Huaihai Leisure Collection. In the same year, Su Shi recommended his poems to Wang Anshi, who praised them as fresh as Bao Xie. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Qin Guan was a scholar, awarded the master book of Dinghai and transferred Professor Cai Zhou. In the first year of Zhezongyuan (1086), Su Shi was recommended to North Korea for his virtue and integrity, but was turned back by people who were jealous of him. Yuan-three years, should prepare for the senior high school entrance examination, enter the theory strategy, and save books for missionary Lang, doctor of business and correction secretary. Later, he switched to orthography and was edited by the National History Institute. In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), the old Party in Yuan Dynasty was attacked. Qin Guan was listed as the old Party because of his relationship with Su Shi's brothers, and was sentenced to Tongguan in Hangzhou, and later to state wine tax. In three years, he was denounced by the new party Luo Zhi, moved to Chenzhou and later demoted to Hengzhou. The following year, Fu Yuan was demoted to Leizhou (1099). After Hui Zong ascended the throne the following year, Qin Guan was reinstated and returned to the north, but he died in Tengzhou. Qin Guan is one of the four bachelor's degrees in Su School, among which Su Shi is the most popular. Poetry, ci and prose are all works, and they are famous for their ci. His artistic achievements in Ci poetry were very high and he was famous at that time. For example, Chen Shidao's Poem on the Back of the Mountain is regarded as a contemporary poet, while Ye Mengde's Story of Summer says that Qin Guanshan was a Yuefu, and his poems were learned by the law. Those who know music are called lyricists' songs, and Yuan and Feng are popular in Huai and Chu. He is recognized as a first-class poet in the poetry circle hundreds of years after the Northern Song Dynasty, and he is an authentic graceful writer. Qin Ci mainly describes the love affair between men and women, lamenting their unfortunate life experiences, with a strong sentimental color. He is very good at combining men's and women's thoughts, emotions and personal frustrations naturally. He used subtle techniques and elegant language to express it through soft music, cold scenes and vivid and novel images, achieving both emotional charm and memorable effects. Zhou Ji, a poet in A Qing, said that Qin Ci is another way to combine the feeling of life experience with lust in Selected Poems. Man Fang Ting's painting "Man Fang Ting" depicts Wei Yun, expressing his feelings of parting in a gloomy and gloomy specific environment, sketching the scenery, and drawing an exquisite farewell painting with strong lyric language. In addition, famous works such as Watching the Sea, Shui Long Yin, A Small Building Farther from the Sky, Eight Six Sons Leaning against the Danger Pavilion, Ears in Autumn, Walking in the Sand, etc., lost their balconies in the fog and were full of sad, beautiful and moving feelings. They inherited the number of Liu Yong's families, but they were different from Liu Yong's vulgar, coarse and elegant descriptions, and mainly won by beauty and meaning.
The word "Qin Guan" (1049- 1 100) was too empty, and was later changed to "Xiao You". posthumous title, a "Hangou layman", was called Mr. Huaihai. Gaoyou, Northern Song Dynasty, official to Dr. imperial academy, edited by National History Museum. Qin Guan-Qin Guan
Life is rough, and the poems written are noble, heavy and touching. He is good at arguing, gentle and thoughtful, and has many artistic talents in poetry, ci, prose and calligraphy, especially graceful ci, which is famous all over the world. He is the author of 40 volumes, including Huaihai Ji, Huaihai Ci (also known as Huaihai Jushi's long and short sentences), Persuading Good Records and Anti-Travel Ji. Four bachelor's degree in Sumen? 、? Six gentlemen of Sumen? One. In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Qin went to Beijing to take the exam and visited Su Shi via Xuzhou. Qin Guan wrote "Peach Blossom House Fu", and Su Shi thought that Qin Guan had the talent to bend the Song Dynasty. In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi went to Yangzhou and personally visited Qin Guan. It happened that Sun Jue and Wang Gong were also in Gaoyou, so they made an appointment to visit Dongyue Temple and recite poems with wine paper, which became a much-told story for a while. Wherever Qin Guan went before his death, there were many relics. Such as Qin Shaoyou Temple in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Qin Shaoyou Statue in Lishui, Mr. Huaihai Temple and Huaying Pavilion; Qingtian Qin Xueshi Temple; Three steles in Chenzhou, Hunan; Guangxi Hengxian Haitang Pavilion, Zui Xiang Pavilion, Huaihai Guild Hall and Huaihai Academy. The tomb of Qin Guan is in the north of Huishan, Wuxi. Tombstone-Qin Long's Tomb? A few big characters. Gaoyou has Qinjia Village, Qinjia Courtyard, and ancient prose tour post station of provincial cultural relics protection unit.
Zhang Wei introduced:
Zhang Lei (1054 ~1114) was a poet in the northern song dynasty. Qian Wen, no, the word Keshan. Originally from Qiao County, Bozhou (now Bo County, Anhui Province), I grew up in Huaiyin, Chuzhou (now Jiangsu Province). One of the four bachelor's degrees in Sumen. In the sixth year of Xining (1073), he was promoted to a scholar and served as Linhuai, Shouanwei and Xianping County Cheng. At the beginning of the yuan dynasty, I took the test pavilion, gave the secretary provincial orthography, and the official went to the house to live. Shao Sheng was in charge of Huangzhou wine tax and moved to Fuzhou. Hui, standing in Huangzhou, decided to know Yanzhou, called Taichang, and soon learned Ying and Ru. In Yingzhou, I was deeply saddened by the news of Su Shi's death. Chong Ning became an official, relegated Zhou Fang, moved to Huangzhou, and then settled in Chen Zhou. Zhang Lei, 13-year-old literate, studied in Chen Zhou and was loved by Su Zhe, a scholar, so he studied under Su Shi. Su Shi said that his writing style is very similar to Su Zhe's, and Wang Yang was indifferent and sighed (answering Zhang Wenqian's book). Since the deaths of Su Shi, Su Zhe, Huang Tingjian and Chao, Zhang Lei has lived alone, and scholars have asked him for advice. Zhang Lei's thesis originated from Su San, and advocated paying equal attention to arts and sciences, being simple and natural. Poetry is the highest achievement of creation, with more than 30 volumes of Yuefu poems and ancient poems, and nearly 1 700 poems. In addition to personal lyric works, there are many works describing field scenery, crop failure and people's livelihood, such as Bai Juyi, Zhang Ji and Wang Jianshi's works, such as Tianjia and Haizhou Daozhong, which praise the local scenery and farmers' worries. "He Zhi Compassion for Farmers" is about farmers who are driven to be thieves by hunger and cold, which is quite innovative in subject matter and ideological exploration.
Introduction to Chao:
Toward Bu Zhi (1053? 1 1 10), a famous writer in the northern song dynasty. No complaints, no return, Jeju Juye (now Juye County, Shandong Province) people. Song Shi? Biography of Chaobu: What is the action of Chaobu? Prince Shaofu is the grandson of the fifth generation and the great-grandson of Zong Yi. My father is a friend. He works in poetry. ? From these brief records, we can know that Chao grew up in a family of officials and scholars. He was influenced by his family's good culture since he was a child. In addition, he is smart and easy to remember, and he is a scholar. He recites thousands of words every day, so he has a long reputation.
works
Song Shi? Wen Qizhi contains one volume of Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period, twenty volumes of Xu Chu Ci, twenty volumes of Variations, one hundred volumes of Ji Li Collection and seventy volumes of Chao I don't know the book. These collections were banned during the Chongning period in Song Huizong, and there were only 70 collections of chicken ribs, including 23 volumes of poems and 47 volumes of essays, which were compiled and published by my brother Qian Chao in Jianyang in the seventh year of Shaoxing. There are Chao Yan's edition in the Ming Dynasty, the yellow edition of Song Qingyuan's five-year edition reprinted in the thirty-third year of Jiajing, and Gu Ningyuan's Poem Sparse Pavilion reprinted in the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Song Dynasty. In addition, there are 160 songs, including six volumes of Chao Qin's Interesting Chapter in the Jin edition of Chicken Bone Pavilion, one volume of Ji Ci in the old banknote edition, one volume of Chao Bu Yue Fu in the old banknote edition, one volume of Chao Series published by Chao Shi Sun in the tenth year of Qing Daoguang, and Lin published by Hanfenlou. Collation of Chao Qin's interesting essays.