The Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960-1 127) began with Mao and ended with the Emperor * * * IX of the Qin Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty ended the division of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms and formed a unified dynasty in China.
Due to the corruption of officials in the Northern Song Dynasty, the people were forced to rebel. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun revolted, and in the late Northern Song Dynasty, Fang La and Song Jiang revolted again. At the same time, Liao, a powerful northern country, was destroyed by the Jin State established by the Jurchen nationality. After Jin destroyed Liao, he immediately pointed the finger at the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty. 11In February of 25, Jin Daju invaded the Song Dynasty and announced peace for seven years. 8 Jin Jun soldiers invaded south in two ways, with the East Route Army under the command of Wobuli and the West Route under the command of Zanhan, and jointly attacked Taiyuan. At this point, the situation in the Song Dynasty was in chaos, and Hui Zong had to cede the throne to Prince Zhao Heng and Song Qinzong. At this time, the nomads from the Yellow River had reached the bank, forcing the capital of Song Dynasty to turn to Kaifeng, while fleeing to Jinling (now Nanjing). Under the command of Prime Minister Li Gang, the army of the Northern Song Dynasty repelled the Jin Army and temporarily stopped the invasion of the Jin State. However, due to the incompetence of Huidi and Qin Emperor, they were bent on making peace with the State of Jin. They promised to cede territory and pay reparations to the State of Jin, and also removed Li Gang and other loyal ministers, making the nomads from the country more unscrupulous. In A.D. 1 127, the Jin army attacked Kaifeng again, taking away the Hui and Qin emperors and a lot of property. At this point, the Northern Song Dynasty declared its demise.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, although wars broke out again and again, because it unified most parts of the country and some areas were relatively peaceful, productivity and science and technology made remarkable progress, and letterpress printing, as one of the four great inventions in China, was an outstanding representative. In addition, gunpowder was first used in the military in the Song Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, not only in science, but also in literature and art, celebrities came forth in large numbers. The imperial examination system in Song Dynasty allowed the literati to develop freely. Among them, Wang Anshi, Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang and others are well-known literati, and the Ci works of the Song Dynasty have reached a high level, and together with the Tang poetry, they have become the treasures of China classical literature and art. In the art of calligraphy and painting, Zhang Zeduan's The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is the first one. By depicting the scenery of Bianjing, this long scroll made nearly 600 people jump to the page and became an immortal masterpiece in the history of China painting.
The establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty marked the end of the separatist situation in China. Since then, the long-term division in the history of China has never happened again. The Northern Song Dynasty, which lasted for 167 years, was finally wiped out by the Jin Dynasty, which also opened the precedent for foreigners to rule China.
Genealogy of the Royal Family in Northern Song Dynasty
He ascended the throne in 960 AD.
In 976, he ascended the throne.
Taizu (Zhao Kuangyin)
Birth: 927- Death: 976 (in office 16).
Father Zhao and Kuang Yin loved martial arts since childhood. In 960, they launched the "Chen Qiao mutiny" and established the Song Dynasty, which was called the Northern Song Dynasty in history. After the reunification of the country, they established a new military system and strengthened centralization. Died in 976. The name of the temple is Mao. Since the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) in Song Dynasty, Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin began their struggle to unify the whole country. The Northern Song Dynasty wiped out Jingxiang, Houshu and Nanhan in 964, 965 and 970 respectively, and defeated the more powerful Nantang in 974. Since then, local forces in wuyue, Fujian, Zhang Quan and other places have "absorbed soil" from the Song Dynasty, gradually ending the chaotic situation.
He ascended the throne in 976 AD.
In 997, he ascended the throne.
Emperor Taizong (Zhao Guangyi)
Birth: 939 AD-Death: 997 AD (ruling 2 1 year)
Zhao Guangyi is Song Taizu's younger brother. After he ascended the throne, he continued Mao's unfinished cause of reunifying the whole country. In 978, Yue surrendered, and in 979, North Hanwang surrendered. But it suffered heavy losses in two battles with Liao. It also began the history of repeated wars and defeats in the Song Dynasty.
He ascended the throne in 997.
A.D. 1022 acceded to the throne.
Zhenzong (Zhao Heng)
Birth: 968- Death: 1022 (in office for 25 years)
Zhenzong Zhao Heng is the third son of Taizong. He is "studious" and diligent in politics in the early stage. But militarily, he did nothing, made peace with Liao country despite Kou Zhun's opposition, and signed an annual "oath" to pay tribute to Liao country.
In addition, Song Zhenzong also issued the jiaozi, which is the earliest paper money in the world.
He ascended the throne on 1022.
In 1063, he abdicated.
Injong (Zhao Zhen)
Birth: a.d. 10 10- death: a.d. 1063 (in position 4 1).
Originally known as Huiren, the sixth son of Zhenzong, Renzong was only 12 years old when he ascended the throne. Empress Dowager was in charge, 1033, and Injong was "very close to a woman". He didn't make great achievements in military and politics. Lost the battle with Xixia and failed to take advantage of Fan Zhongyan's political reform. Died in 1063, the temple number is Renzong.
He ascended the throne in 1063 and abdicated in 1067.
Yingzong (Zhao Shu)
Birth: 1032- death: 1067 (4 years in office).
Zhao Yunrang, the great-grandson of Puyi, the thirteenth son of Wang, was made the Crown Prince because Injong had no children, and Injong acceded to the throne after his death. Yingzong advocated simplicity, but his reign was too short. 1067 died at the age of 36 and reigned for five years.
Author: Brilliant Song Zhao 2006-8-8 16:34 Reply to this speech.
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2 18 Emperor of Song Dynasty
He ascended the throne on 1067.
A.D. 1085 acceded to the throne.
Zongshen (Zhao Xu)
Birth: 1048- death: 1085 (in place 18).
The eldest son of Yingzong, 1067 acceded to the throne. Wang Anshi's political reform began at 1069. The new law has been implemented for more than ten years and achieved certain results, but it was abolished after Zongshen's death under the opposition of big bureaucrats and big landlords. During Zongshen's reign, Sima Guang compiled China's first chronological general history, Zi Tong Zhi Jian.
He ascended the throne on 1085.
A.D. 1 100.
Zhezong (Zhao Xu)
Birth: 1076- death: 1 100 (in place 15).
The philosopher Zhao Xu is Zongshen's sixth son. Acceded to the throne 10 years old. His grandmother, Empress Ren Xuan, listened to Sima Guang and abolished Wang Anshi's political reform. Zhezong was 25 years old when he died.
He ascended the throne in 1 100.
A.D. 1 125 abdicated.
Hui Zong (Evonne)
Birth: 1082- death: 1 135 (in office for 25 years).
Zongshen's 11th son, after Song Zhezong's death, no son was inherited by Zhezong's younger brother Evonne. Treacherous court official Cai Jing was ordered, and officials were corrupt. During his reign, peasant uprisings such as Song Jiang and Fang La broke out. 1 125, nomads from the south, Song Huizong was transferred to his son Zhao Heng (Qin zong), claiming to be the emperor's father. 1 127 was captured by the northern nomads and died in the five kingdoms city (1 135).
Song Huizong was a defeated emperor, but he was an artist and calligrapher. He painted flowers and birds, and calligraphy was the first "thin gold body".
He ascended the throne in 1 125.
A.D. 1 127 abdicated.
Qinzong (Zhao Heng)
Birth: a.d. 1 100- death: a.d. 1 156 (2 years in office).
Song Qinzong, the eldest son of Hui Zong, was "not good at vocal music" after he acceded to the throne, which was quite refreshing. Kill or demote treacherous court officials such as Cai Jing and Tong Guan. Li Gang was appointed to resist gold. 1 127, the nomads from the capital of song dynasty broke through and were captured and returned to the north. 1 156, they were killed at the age of 57. It is said that Hezhe people in Heilongjiang are descendants of Hui and Qin.
Genealogy of Southern Song Dynasty
history
emperor
Emperor introduction
Historical event period
He ascended the throne in 1 127.
A.D. 1 162 abdicated.
Gaozong (Zhao Gou)
Birth: 1 107- death: 1 187 (in office for 35 years).
Emperor Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Song Huizong. 1 127 is located in Nanjing (now Shangqiu), historically known as the Southern Song Dynasty, and 1 138 moved its capital to Hangzhou. He killed Yue Fei, a hawk, and bowed to the ruler. There is a palace overhaul, extravagant and extravagant, just for peace. A complete idiot. 1 162, giving way to the prince, calling himself the emperor's father. He died on 1 187 at the age of 8 1. Keywords the change of Jingkang, the battle of Yancheng in Song and Jin Dynasties, Shaoxing negotiation, the death of Yue Fei, Li Qingzhao's ci,
He ascended the throne in 1 162.
A.D. 1 189 abdicated.
Filial piety (Zhao Bozong)
Birth: 1 127- death: 1 194 (in office for 27 years).
Filial piety Zhao Bozong, the word Yongyuan. Grandson of Song Taizu VII, son of Wang Xiu. 1 162 acceded to the throne, restored Yue Fei's reputation and started the war of resistance, but was defeated and made peace with the State of Jin, which was known as "Longxing Peace Talks" in history. 1 189, the Zen position and its son are called the emperor's father. 1 194 was 68 years old. Longxing peace talks,
He ascended the throne in 1 189.
A.D. 1 194 abdicated.
Guangzong (Zhao Dun)
Birth: 1 147- death: 1 194 (in office for 5 years).
Guangzong, the third son of Xiaozong. He was over 40 years old when he acceded to the throne. He is not only politically groggy, but also afraid of his wife. His queen, Li, is a famous jealous woman in history. 1/kloc-0 abdicated in 1994,/kloc-0 died in 200 at the age of 54. Not yet.
He ascended the throne in 1 194.
A.D. 1224 acceded to the throne.
Ningzong (Zhao Kuo)
Birth: 1 168- death: 1224 (30 years in office).
Ningzong Zhao Kuo, the second son of Guangzong. 1208, the humiliating "Jiading Peace Conference" was signed with the State of Jin. 1224 died at the age of 57. Poems by Zhu and the Three Cardinals and the Five Permanents, Genghis Khan's Unification of Mongolia, Genghis Khan's Founding, Xin Qiji, Jiading and Lu You
He ascended the throne on 1224.
A.D. 1264 acceded to the throne.
Li Zong (Zhao Yun)
Birth: A.D. 1205-Death: A.D. 1264 (reigned for 40 years).
Li Zong Zhao Yun, the tenth grandson of Song Taizu. Ning Zong had no children, and after his death, Yang Houli and Li Zong became emperor. The dominant position of Zhudaoism was established, and in 1234, it joined forces with Mongolia to destroy gold. Since then, politics has deteriorated. 1264 died at the age of 60. Key words: Mongolian and Song allied forces destroyed gold, the battle of fishing city in Song and Meng, the unjust case of Guan Hanqing and Dou E.
He ascended the throne on 1264.
A.D. 1274 acceded to the throne.
Du Zong (Zhao Qi)
Birth: 1240- death: 1274 (in place 10).
Du Qi, his nephew, and his father Zhao and Rui. After the accession to the throne, he was addicted to debauchery, the powerful minister Jia Sidao was autocratic, and the decline of state affairs showed an upward trend. The Southern Song Dynasty is in danger. He died on 1274 at the age of 35. Not yet.
He ascended the throne on 1274.
A.D. 1276 acceded to the throne.
Palace (Zhao Xian)
Birth: a.d. 127 1 year-death: a.d. 1323 (2 years in office).
Gongxian, Duzong. He was only four years old when he ascended the throne. 1276, Yuan soldiers invaded Lin 'an, and Emperor Gong was captured. 1288, Kublai Khan forced him to become a monk in Tibet. 1323, was given death. At the age of 53. Not yet.
He ascended the throne on 1276.
A.D. 1278 acceded to the throne.
Duanzong (Zhao)
Birth: A.D. 1269-Death: A.D. 1278 (2 years in office).
Duanzong, Gongdi, only illegitimate child. Acceded to the throne in Fuzhou. After he acceded to the throne, he fled in defeat and died on the way. He 10 years old. Wen Tianxiang's death,
He ascended the throne on 1278.
A.D. 1279 acceded to the throne.
Wang Wei (Zhao Min)
Birth: 1272- death: 1279 (in office 1 year).
Wang Wei Zhao Min is the third son of the only family. After the defeat, he was persecuted by Yuan soldiers, and Prime Minister Lu Xiufu threw himself into the sea. He was eight years old. Not yet.