The word "cognition" has often appeared around me in the past year. Break through cognition, improve cognition, upgrade cognition, etc. It turns out that my understanding of these two words is actually relatively simple, until I recently finished reading "Cognitive Psychology".
Cognitive psychology is a science that uses various principles, cases, and histology to explain how psychological activities are realized in the brain.
This book is extremely professional and complex. Although it says on the title page that this book is "easy to understand", in fact reading this book requires professional knowledge. Even so, when I was reading, I was thinking that I could only read some content that I found interesting, and I couldn't understand the rest. So next, what I want to list are just a few interesting things this book tells. ?
1. ?Our processing of information is like the interconnection between bubble gum and bubble gum?
As written in the book, the human brain is only a part of the nervous system , the complete nervous system includes various sensory systems that collect information from various parts of the body and the motor system that controls movement. Information processing often occurs outside the brain itself, and the most important component of the nervous system is neurons. It is the response of these neurons to activity that allows information to be transmitted or further processed. Therefore, the activation of neurons allows them to continuously generate more transmissions and synapses, allowing information to be remembered and reconstructed.
When reading this part, I always imagine bubble gum in my mind. There seems to be a lot of bubble gum in our bodies. Each bubble gum collides with each other, is related, and then separates in a flash. There are different tentacles because of different strengths. Some have deeper memories, so their tentacles will be longer, and those bubble gums may change their shape.
This imagination suddenly brought me a good mood for reading, just like chasing colored soap bubbles on the grass in the sun when I was a child.
2. Turning a blind eye does exist
It is written in the book that the detection of things can be visual, auditory, or language. No matter which one it is, those that are similar, have characteristics, and have template memory will be easier to perceive. However, the book also mentioned an interesting phenomenon. When an old man was focusing on helping someone read a map and give directions, two passers-by passed between them, and then one of the passers-by exchanged with the person asking for directions, and The old man didn't notice. This phenomenon is also called "change blindness". ?This is because although this change is real, it does not change the scene at the time, so we are likely not to notice it. Just like in our lives, when you are watching TV intently, if someone quietly fills up the water glass in front of you, you may not notice this quiet love.
Another interesting thing is what I wrote before. Vision, hearing, or language will always induce similar or unique perceptions. Therefore, we will be deeply impressed by deja vu, and we will also remember the differences in the scene more deeply. This reminds me of the PPT course that Xu Xu taught us before. The highlighted text in the simplicity will always make people remember it deeply. Similarly, the regular arrangement and contrast are more in line with the perceptual pairing template here. The performance will be more concerned about.
3. Only do one thing at the same time?
If it were not mentioned in the book, the actual working mode of the brain is that it can and can only process one piece of information at the same time, I would In fact, I have always felt that doing many things at the same time is something to be envied. People always have to process information through central cognition, and to make judgments, understanding and other such behaviors, central bottlenecks are unavoidable. And this is more like the rolling traffic coming off the viaduct, which is eventually merged into a single lane and must be queued to pass. So why listening to music while driving may not be dangerous, but talking on the phone while driving is very dangerous. Because auditory reception does not require processing, but conversation must involve the processing of information, which requires the participation of more central cognitive functions.
Since the brain works like this, then in the important work that needs to be carried out every day, the better way is to go with the flow and let the brain work easily, rather than forcing the brain to work at the same time. Multitasking. Therefore, concentration becomes particularly important. This may be because when you focus on doing something, you will be more efficient and it will be easier to enter a "state of flow." ?Imagine if everyone obeys the traffic rules and passes one by one at the intersection, will it be faster and smoother than if multiple cars rush to pass? ?
4. Add wings of imagination to boring content
The book mentions that vision, hearing or touch can actually produce images in the brain. This phenomenon may actually be more obvious the younger you are. It is said that children are very imaginative. We can recall that when we were children, when the teacher was explaining a piece of knowledge on the podium, the child below might draw another cartoon scene on the paper. If we imagine something in our mind while describing something, you will also feel that a picture appears in your mind. Recently, when I stay at home, I sometimes teach children to memorize. When I imagine the next scenes and things in the text while reading, I will also find that the efficiency of memorization has been greatly improved.
Thinking of the popular visual records nowadays, or the pictorial presentation of knowledge points in class, I can’t help but think that this may be in line with this theory. The kind of bubble content in the mind that is common in comic books is indeed very helpful in understanding some boring concepts.
5. Want to strengthen your memory? Try a flash experience
What is a flash? You can imagine the scene we often see on TV. After a white light clicks, the person is photographed and becomes a photo, which can be captured for a long time. of preservation. The brain's memory also has the same function. In fact, the brain's memory for details is theoretically very short, but we can still remember some things that happened a long time ago. If I think back and analyze it carefully, I will now find that most of the details that are deeply remembered are extraordinary events, emotional ups and downs, mileage cups, shining moments or darkest moments in ordinary life. You can imagine that when that happened, it was like a photo was taken.
Therefore, learning should be the same. To have a deep memory, you also need such a surprise moment, or a change of emotion, or a wow moment that turns out to be the case. In several of the more profound classroom experiences in my memory, Yan Yi’s acceptance of himself and Yan Er’s teacher Jiarui’s on-the-spot revision of Teacher Xiao Liu’s story all had such flashing feelings. I am still deeply impressed by the ups and downs of Teacher Jiarui explaining the story of Teacher Xiaoliu while drawing the story on the blackboard.
6. Deliberate practice, the number and depth must be sufficient to truly improve
Most of the time, I understand that deliberate practice is just the superposition of times, without considering the "depth" factor. But in the process of reading this book, the superposition of times can certainly lead to the formation of automation, and it takes no effort to do this. But no greater progress can be achieved. Just like fitness, if you always maintain the same intensity and do more reps, your muscles will indeed form a memory, and you will not exert any effort when doing the same action again. But if you don't continue to increase the weight, then the muscle strength may not be increased but just maintained.
As far as learning is concerned, such as reading, if you just make sure to read a book every day, then you may only develop the habit of reading for a long time, but how much of the book you have actually absorbed after reading it? Not necessarily. Strengthen in-depth learning and thinking, as written in the first article, continue to make the bubble gum have more synapses, and continue to make the synapses stronger and larger, then learning will be more effective, and the brain The ability to think and process information will be stronger.
7. Imitation is the fastest way to learn
Going from 0 to 1 is a very difficult process, but imitation is much easier. In the book, methods for solving problems are called operators.
So how do we obtain the operator and how do we choose the operator? Children often learn at a rapid pace, but how do they learn? There is no grammar in their speaking process, but they slowly learned to pronounce and speak by watching adults' lip reading. Imitation plays a big role here.
In the process of learning English, listening to the radio and watching TV were later shared as very effective ways. We imitated the pronunciation and intonation of the model, and repeated it endlessly to memorize and practice. "Language sense", this is the brain's acquisition of operators in the process of imitation, and once acquired, it will automatically select these solidified operators next time. Therefore, the process of learning is also a process of constant imitation, and our devil's course is also through the dismantling of the tutor's course, showing the calculations of the tutor's course to everyone, and learning through everyone's continuous imitation. Various formulas, structures, and routines are actually operators that imitate predecessors or previous experience. Once we accumulate enough matching operators, the efficiency of solving problems will be faster.
8. How do you judge something is probably not the thing itself but how to describe it
An example in the book is very impressive, and it is also a treatment plan for 600 patients. In the first description, more people chose "a plan that could save 200 people", while in the second description, when the description of the plan was changed to "may cause 400 people to die"? Fewer people choose this option.
The same plan, but with different descriptions. One focuses on the positive basis in people's values, and the other is the reverse basis, and there will be different results. Therefore, in communication, if the description can be made more consistent with the values ??or views recognized and concerned by the other party, the result of the communication may be different. Therefore, the popular positive discipline nowadays should be very consistent with this point. It emphasizes more on what kind of person you want your children to be. You should guide more positive content in communication instead of emphasizing the opposite content.
9. The understanding and acceptance of language is more inclined to modularization and regularization
The brain has its own preference for language acceptance. In addition to the templates mentioned earlier, which have features and flash memory, people are more inclined to understand modular content and regular content. This is a bit like our love for traditional folk art shows. Poems, lyrics, and ancient prose all use neat contrasts. Cross talk, allegro, three-and-a-half sentences, etc. are all art forms with fixed rules. Advertising also uses contrast or parallelism intentionally. Therefore, in our training process, the generation of golden sentences is an essential summary to strengthen understanding. The golden sentences extracted using contrast, parallelism, inverse ratio or contrast, and the rules of rhyme, after inputting a large amount of information, the summary in one stroke is often very impressive.
10. A good beginning and a good ending are equally important
There are ups and downs in language understanding, and usually the beginning and the end are the places that get more attention. This is the law of attention, and it is also a law of the brain's acceptance of language. Therefore, when we speak, we must also pay attention to the beginning and the end. We must grab the other party's attention at the beginning or create a peak experience at the end. Also in training, a good beginning and ending are very important. However, in regular training, we often start with a simple self-introduction and enter the course when no one is curious; and ending with ordinary thanks is even less likely to make the training leave a deep impression. Here again I am reminded of the opening of the cocktail party in teacher Jiaxuan’s class, whether in class or in particular, which left a deep impression on me. I also think of Xu Xu’s PPT courses. Sometimes, at the beginning or end of the sentence displayed on the PPT, there are always a few words designed to stand out. This is probably the reason. The most powerful thing is actually that in the English listening test, we can always remember the beginning and the end, but it is particularly difficult for the nouns in the middle, which I deeply understand.
Well, I have finished reading a book of more than 400 pages in a hurry. I really don’t remember a few professional terms, but these interesting knowledge made me understand how my own perception and understanding are generated. Yes, a theoretical basis was found.
Understanding is the beginning of perception, and because of perception, it is more likely to be applied. Therefore, as emphasized in the book, psychology is a science, and science will actually be reflected in life. Maybe I should continue to discover more interesting psychological activities in my future life, and this is also a particularly interesting experience in reading.