Reference answers to Chinese test questions
Modern literature
The original text of 1.B is "They are all scholars with clear rationality and religious enthusiasm". Item B, "Taking the world as one's duty, ... fanatical religious enthusiasm", has been exaggerated. Item A can be based on the information that "China society began in the Tang Dynasty, and the aristocratic family completely disappeared due to the effectiveness of the imperial examination system. ...... In the Song Dynasty, Neo-Confucianism rose. " Correct judgment. According to the information in items C and D, this school of Confucianism began to decline from the early Song Dynasty to the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. There was a period of 700 years before and after, and China's modern culture penetrated and spread to the lower classes, all of which were presided over and launched by them. "The right judgment.
2. choose item c a, according to the data, "during the Han and Tang dynasties, the national public schools were well managed and the students were extremely prosperous." It was only in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties that the public school was in name only, and the serious lecture atmosphere was in the Buddhist temple. ""At that time, the government still owned public schools, both national universities and local state and county schools. "It can be judged that the option describes the characteristics of a certain period as the education of the whole ancient China. It can be said that "replacing the whole with parts" is a mistake. According to the data in item B, "most of the academies were built in famous mountain resorts at the beginning ... it can be seen that the scale of the academies was originally like a temple", which shows that most of the ancient academies were built in famous mountain resorts because they were like temples giving lectures; Item D "The only form of education" is wrong. According to the data, "at that time, the government still had public schools, both national universities and local state and county schools. "It can be judged that state-owned public schools have always existed.
3. choose item d a. according to the information in the text, "lecture" is quite religious. Therefore, the lecture atmosphere of Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties must be popularized in all walks of life. "Correct judgment; Item B, according to the data, "At the same time, because they are called' Neo-Confucianism' and pay more attention to real life and ethics, they often inevitably involve political issues. "The right judgment. Item C, according to the information "... If so, private lecturers often have to take the road of free discussion, which is in conflict with the government. ..... Both Cheng Yi and Zhu in the Song Dynasty suffered this kind of exclusion and oppression. "When the information is judged correctly. The original text of item D is "The most obvious example is the Lindong Party in the late Ming Dynasty. They are an academic group and are also regarded as a political group. Although most of them are scholars in the wild, they have formed a great momentum in politics. " According to the data, Lindong Party itself is only an academic group, not a political group, but it is regarded as a "political group".
Classical Chinese, (9 points, 3 points for each small question)
4.d. (plate: people with moral integrity)
5. B. (1) The narrative subject is the emperor; (2) Opposing imperial architecture meets the requirements of the topic; (3) when answering the emperor's cross-examination, no.
Changing one's point of view does not conform to the meaning of the question; (4) Li Shimin said that he can respect himself, which is not in line with the meaning of the question; (5) exhort the emperor,
The crown prince should not be far away from the left and right, but also take the world as his own responsibility; 6. Send his grandson to help him send the letter to the court and care about the country.
Great event)
Li Shimin was almost killed. It was a letter that angered Emperor Injong. )
7.( 1) Injong ordered the samurai to hit him with a melon. Li Shimin had three broken ribs and almost died when he was dragged out. (5 points)
(2) There were nearly 3,000 DPRK ministers and imperial academy students who sent him a farewell dinner outside Doumen, and some even sent him aboard at a distance until the ship sailed. (5 points)
For the scoring rules, refer to Jumping at the Golden Melon, with adverbial postposition and 1. Broken tendon III, attributive postposition, 1 min. Supplementary subject
Renzong or Emperor and Li Shimin each got 1. After the adverbial "outside the capital", the score is 1. "A few", 1 minute. "hair"
1 min. "Go" 1 min. Sentence fluency 1 each.
With a reference translation in classical Chinese
Li Shimian, whose real name is Mao, lives in the world with his name, and is an Anfu person. When he was a teenager, it was very cold in winter. He often wrapped his feet in a quilt and put them in a bucket.
, reading more than. In the second year of Yongle, he was a scholar. After being elected, he entered the museum and participated in the compilation of Mao Shi Lu. Be granted
He was appointed as the director of the criminal department and participated in the reconstruction of Mao Shi Lu. After editing, he was appointed as an attendant of Hanlin.
Li Shimin is upright and outspoken, and he is often impassioned. He takes it as his duty to govern the world. In the 19th year of Yongle, the three temples were destroyed.
In the fire, Emperor Chengzu issued a letter asking the minister for outspoken advice. Li Shimin listed 15 current affairs abuses in the paper. Ming chengzu zhi
Decided to move the capital to Beijing, but Li Shimin talked a lot about the disadvantages of building Beijing, which went against Cheng Zu's mind. Soon, Shi Li
Mian was trapped in prison. It took more than a year before he was released. On the recommendation of Yang Rong, Li Shimin was reinstated.
In the first year of Hongxi, we talked about politics again. Injong was very angry and called him to the temporary hall, but Li Shimin refused to give in. Renzong
He ordered the samurai to hit him with melons. Li Shimin had three broken ribs and almost died when he was dragged out. The next day, Li Shimin was
When he was transferred to Lu Dao, Renzong asked him to try a prisoner every day and play a thing. After three plays, Li Shimin was locked up.
Enter the Royal Guards Prison. Li Shimin treated thousands of Royal Guards well, and thousands of families met him just when he was in prison. This man
Li Shimin survived by secretly finding a doctor and treating him with overseas dragon blood. Injong was seriously ill and said to Xia Yuanji, "Li Shimin is here.
The court insulted me. "Say that finish, flew into a rage, Xia Yuanji encourage along while to eliminate the anger of injong. It's night, Ren.
Emperor Zong died.
One year after Emperor Xuanzong ascended the throne, he was told how Li Shimin had offended the late emperor. Tang Xuanzong was very excited after hearing this.
He was very angry and ordered the messenger to say, "Tie him up. I will interrogate him myself and kill him. " Later, he ordered the king to refer to it.
Bo immediately tied him up and beheaded him in the west city, not wanting to see him again. The king ordered to go out from the side door of Duan Xi, but the previous messenger had
He was tied to Li Shimin and entered the court through a side door in Duan Dong, but he didn't meet him. Seeing Li Shimin from a distance, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty cursed, "You son of a bitch!
How dare I offend the late emperor! What did Shangshu say? Tell me quickly! "Li Shimin said," I said no during my mourning.
It is advisable to be close to the favorite concubine, and the crown prince should not be far away from the emperor. "Tang Xuanzong listened to the sword, irate look faded. plum
When Mian slowly counted to the sixth thing, he stopped. Tang Xuanzong told him to tell everything. Li Shimin replied, "I'm afraid I know it by heart.
Incomplete. Tang Xuanzong lost his temper and said, "It's just hard to say. Where is the draft paper? " The same answer said:
"burned." Tang Xuanzong sighed and praised Li Shimin's loyalty. He immediately pardoned him and continued to attend.
Official position. When the king came back from prison, Li Shimin had put on official clothes and stood in front of the steps. Xuande five years, "Chengzu Shi Xiu" completed, since then, Li Shimian was promoted to bachelor's degree. Tang Xuanzong visited the history museum and gave money to all the scholars. Singles all collect money on the ground, only Li Shimin is upright. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang dynasty
Give him the rest of the money In the sixth year of orthodoxy, Li Shimian succeeded Mrs. Bertie to offer a drink to imperial academy. Orthodox eight-year retirement, England
Emperor Zong disagreed. Orthodoxy was approved in the spring of 12. There were nearly 3,000 DPRK ministers and imperial academy students who gave him a farewell dinner outside Doumen, and some even sent him aboard at a distance until the ship sailed.
When Yingzong was trapped in the north, Li Shimin mourned day and night, and sent his grandson Chi Lee to the imperial court to ask it to select generals.
Train soldiers, get close to gentlemen, alienate villains, reward and commend loyal officials and scholars, and bring them back to Emperor Yingzong. In the first year of Jingtai, it was replaced.
Emperor Zong wrote a letter of commendation, but by this time Li Shimin had died at the age of 77. Posthumous title was named "Wen Yi" by the imperial court posthumous title.
At first, both Chen and Li Shimin worked in the Imperial Academy. Chen looks burly, Li Shimin looks a little ugly, and then the two of them.
At the same time, I made two offerings of Beijing wine. Li Shimin is a peaceful person, who can push others. Scholars make friends with him, while Chen is honest and strict. Correction/wholeness
In the Ming Dynasty, imperial academy, who was called a saint by the world, provided a drink, namely "Chen Nan (Jing Zong) and Beili (Asbestos)".
Poetry reading
The word "around" is good, because it actually depicts the scene of green water surrounding people, which is vivid and dynamic.
The word "Xiao" is good, because it not only points out the time, but also renders the fresh breath of the morning, which can give readers more freedom and broader imagination.
Only the words "left and right" or "small" are good, no specific analysis is made, and no points are given. It is meaningful to compare "left and right" and "small" only from the perspective of pronunciation, and give 2 points. Don't stick to the answer, as long as it makes sense.
9. You can have two answers and only answer one of them. (5 points)
1 agreed. Beginning with the sentence "Flowers wither, red apricots are small", although it is written about the withering of flowers, it also writes about the rebirth of green apricots, showing the opportunity and vitality of birth; The second sentence and the third sentence are moved to a wider space. Swallows fly lightly, bringing vitality to the picture, and the green water around people is also very interesting. In this way, people's mood will naturally be broadened. Although the last sentence is flourishing, it begins with "Tianya" and has a broad artistic conception. In a word, although the first film of Ci was written in late spring, it was full of broad-minded words.
② Disagree. At the beginning of the sentence, the flowers are withered and the apricots are sour, which casts a sad shadow on the whole word; Two or three sentences about swallows flying and green water circling people, although full of fun and warmth, are based on joy and sadness; Four sentences say that catkins are flying, and the word "you" is written, which shows that the poet's view of catkins is declining, and more than once, the feelings of hurting spring and cherishing spring naturally flow out; "Cao Fang" is often used to write melancholy in ancient poetry, and so is it here. "There is plenty of grass in the sea" means endless melancholy. Therefore, this poem's description of scenery such as "falling flowers and falling flocks" is still saturated with feelings of hurting spring, rather than broad-minded words.
Each answer is given 2 points, and two points are given 2 points. Fluent language gives full marks. Only answer "agree" or "disagree", do not make specific analysis, and do not give points. Don't stick to the answer, as long as it makes sense.
10, dictation of famous sentences and articles
Third, read literary texts.
1 1, (1) It is unrealistic to analyze the "series" in item A, and the novel does not say how "I" makes fun of others. Item B is the hypothesis of "I" in the novel. D "Let your guard down" contradicts the following plots such as "Stay away from bed" and "Stay awake".
Answers c and e
(2) "I" is a little person who has played jokes on others, but is afraid of being teased. I am sensitive, suspicious, timid and cautious, and I feel dangerous everywhere in real life. (① According to paragraph 1, ② According to the description of many details in paragraphs 2-5, ③ According to paragraph 5, ④ The suspicion of "I" in paragraphs 4 and 5 can be considered as a reflection of "real life crisis" on this little guy)
(3) Answer ① Psychological description, the novel takes the first person as the narrative angle, shows the psychological changes of the protagonist through inner monologues and other ways, and accurately and vividly depicts the sensitive and suspicious personality characteristics of the characters (examples omitted);
② Action description, the novel promotes the fate of the characters with the help of continuous action description, vividly portraying the timid and cautious personality characteristics of the characters. (The example is omitted) (The meaning is correct)
(4) Answer ① Judging from the plot predicted by the novel, the appearance of this joke is really directly related to measures such as "closing the window" and "moving the bed", which conforms to the inherent logic of the plot. ② There are profound social reasons for "I" making jokes, that is, the social ills of emptiness and boredom, mutual fooling, and full of trust crisis that people in the times generally have. Statements such as "Nothing is more interesting than teasing others", "Makes me doubt" and "Everything is doubtful" are the social epitome of the times. This way of writing at the end of the novel just further shows the degree of psychological distortion of "I" in such a social disease, and the sadness that I can't wake up and extricate myself, which makes the theme of the novel more profound. (reasonable analysis)
Four, practical text reading (25 points)
1 1, the answer: (1)C D(C) The article says, "This respected scientist seems to have found the master key to interpret scientific problems. He quickly got rid of the shackles of "missile trajectory" and began to comprehensively explain scientific and technological problems in different fields along the lines of "Marxist philosophy" and "system science theory". "Seems" refers to a possibility, not an absolute one. D article says that "the theory of TCM is a mixture of facts, assumptions and guesses, and it is a natural philosophy in the classical sense, not a science in the modern sense." "Can't" is a negative meaning, and removing "Can't" means the opposite. )
(2) (1) The aerospace industry he founded and led made his motherland develop from a backward country in the Cold War era into a strong national defense capability.
② "Engineering Cybernetics" has formed a perfect system of personnel training, theoretical research and engineering application in China, which has provided scientific support for the rapid development of modern high-tech undertakings in China.
③ The idea of "system science" composed of systems engineering, systematics and open complex giant systems is put forward.
④ It is considered that Qigong, TCM theory and special functions of human body are important research topics of science and technology.
⑤ Research on architecture and cities, and put forward the concept of "landscape city".
⑥ His "view of system science" is often applied to different fields, and new theories are introduced. (Answer 1)
(3) Echoing from beginning to end, the last paragraph is the extension and sublimation of the first paragraph; Sincere feelings focus on expressing the author's reverence for Qian Xuesen; Qian Xuesen's influence and function on later generations are highly summarized in poetic language. Answer the characteristics of writing from two aspects: structure, content, language and emotion. 2 points per point)
(4) Qian Xuesen founded and led the aerospace industry of the motherland, enabling China to launch missiles and send satellites into the sky. This is his most ambitious work. (2 points) but not the only result. He is also regarded as a scientist who combines literature, science and engineering. (2 points) Have studied Chinese medicine, architecture and cities, and put forward the ideas of "systematic science view" and "engineering cybernetics". (2 points) In short, he is a scientist with such a wide range of fields. Revelation: Studying and solving problems cannot be solved by a certain knowledge. In the modern information age, we need extensive study to lay a foundation for future research. (2 points) (Combine Qian Xuesen's achievements and write your own understanding. )
Use language
12, analyze item a: Tianma, Shenma. Tianma gallops in the air. Metaphor poetry is unrestrained. It also means that people are impetuous and unrealistic. Item B: Wonderful workmanship, extremely exquisite description, can not be used for "nature", should be changed to "uncanny workmanship". Item C means that there are many stalls and the products are in short supply, which means that people are scrambling to buy flowers, while "traffic congestion" means that cars are like running water and horses are like dragons, which is often used to indicate that people and cars are constantly flowing or to describe a bustling scene. This has nothing to do with shopping. So it is obviously inappropriate to use "flow". Item D is a mixture of good and evil people: the metaphor of bad people and good people mixed together should be changed to "fishy eyes mixed with pearls".
Answer a
13, analyze item a and change it to "its response is a rare landscape in the literary world in recent years"; In item B, the subject and object are reversed, and the concept of "private to people" is changed to the concept of "personal to private", and the word "person" behind it is deleted; Item c, the composition is incomplete, and the word "when" before "three men" is removed; Improper word order, "once blocked traffic" was changed to "once blocked traffic".
Answer d
14, reference answer: d (after "traditional art", we should choose ③, followed by ① pointing out the characteristics of calligraphy, ⑤ strengthening the characteristics of calligraphy compared with modern art, and ② making a small chain with strict logic).
15, answer: C.
16, 16, sentence 2, rhetoric 1, reference answer:
Zhuangzi is lonely, in the noisy times, in the embarrassing life, quietly cultivate one's morality; However, in his loneliness, he suddenly realized the true meaning of freedom and opened a window to the cool breeze and bright moon for those who had no way to go. [Source: Learning+Discipline+Network]
Qu Yuan was lonely, and under the exclusion of powerful people, he struggled to find it alone in the incomprehension of the world. But he stuck to a noble and loyal soul in loneliness and lit a lamp for the intoxicated society of the world.
Shi Tiesheng is lonely, suffering from illness and thinking hard on the desolate and silent altar; But he realized the meaning of life in loneliness and found a door to happiness for frustrated people.
17, this topic analysis not only examines the paragraph compression ability, but also examines the paragraph expansion ability. The expanded paragraph is based on the compressed paragraph, and the "view" is not arbitrary. Its root lies in the center implied in the above materials: teachers have the responsibility to guide students into classics and pay attention to students' reading interest; Middle school students have the right to choose their own reading books, but they can't just read according to their own interests. They should strengthen their reading of classic works. The center is dialectical and cannot be biased.
Answer (1) For example, the bibliography recommended by middle school teachers is quite different from that liked by middle school students.
(2) Example 1: As a disseminator of knowledge and culture, teachers have the responsibility to guide students into classics, so that students can cultivate their sentiments, sharpen their will and inherit culture by reading classics; But teachers should also pay attention to students' reading interests and actual needs when recommending books.
Example 2: Middle school students have the right to choose their own reading books and read more books according to their hobbies; However, reading only by hobbies is not conducive to all-round development. Therefore, in addition to reading your favorite books, you should expand your reading range and strengthen your reading of classics. (If you answer from other angles, it makes sense. )
composition
18, writing guidance
This fable is thought-provoking and thought-provoking. The fairy in the material is like a psychiatrist, smoothing the wounds in the heart for the rose. The fairy is very convincing and serious, and there are many compliments in her words, which makes the rose easy to accept and feel comfortable.
People always have their own strengths and weaknesses, and life is always unsatisfactory. Everyone will not be perfect. If a person only blindly sees his own shortcomings and grieves for them all day, then he will accomplish nothing; Only by overcoming one's own shortcomings, giving full play to one's own strengths, and going on the road with confidence, will there be gains along the way, bright sunshine and beautiful spring.
Based on this, the writing angle of the article can be defined as:
1. Enjoy life with your strengths. Don't worry about your weakness all day. 3. feel free to go on the road. 4. Give full play to your strengths. 5. Educate people in appropriate ways.