Liu Chan regarded him as a loyal minister, so later generations often referred to Zhuge Liang as a loyal minister and Zhuge Wuhou. Zhuge Liang is the representative of loyal ministers and wise men in China traditional culture. He devoted himself to his life and died.
Sima Yi (179-25 1), of Han nationality, was born in Xiaojinli, wen county, Hanoi (now wen county, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province). Wei was an outstanding politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period and the founder of the Western Jin Dynasty. He used to be the viceroy, general, Qiu and Taifu of Cao Wei. He was an important minister who assisted the orphans of the four generations of Wei and assisted the political affairs of Wei, and later became a powerful minister who controlled the political affairs of Wei. He is resourceful, resourceful and has made many expeditions. The most remarkable achievement is that he led the army twice to successfully resist Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition and pacify Liaodong Expedition. It has made important contributions to the development of farming economy such as reclamation and water conservancy. He died at the age of 73, resigned from the county magistrate and was buried in shouyangshan. Posthumous title Wenxuan; The second son, Sima Zhao, appointed Sima Yi as the post-Jin dynasty, and Sima Yi as the post. After Sima Yan proclaimed himself emperor, Sima Yi was honored as Xuan Di.
The story of Zhuge Liang and Sima Yi
1, the first duel
In February, 23 1 year, Zhuge Liang led the army to attack Wei for the fourth time, surrounded Jia Si and Wei Ping, who were deployed in Qishan area, and transported grain and grass with wooden cattle and horses to ensure their logistics supply.
At that time, the national security situation of Cao Wei was rather grim, and the southeast should guard against Soochow and the northwest against Xianbei. And at this time, Cao Zhen, who presided over the attack, fell ill (the real Cao Zhen in history was by no means so incompetent as written in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms), so Cao Rui and Sima Yi were transferred from Jingzhou and placed in Chang 'an, under the unified command of Zhang He, Fei Yao, Dai Ling, Guo Huai and other departments to jointly defend the Shu army. For this military action, Wei Mingdi gave a high degree of trust to Sima Yi, saying that "the West has something you have to pay" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji). After Sima Yi took over the heavy responsibility, he rescued Qishan with his main force. In view of the military situation at that time and the characteristics of the Shu army, Sima Yi thought that the Shu army had come from a long distance and had limited food and grass, so he positioned the strategic goal of this war as: stick to the danger and not fight the main force of the Shu army until the task was completed.
After Zhuge Liang learned that Sima Yi was marching, he left one man to continue to attack Qishan and led his own army against Sima Yi. At first Sima Yi copied Zhuge Liang's Guo Huai and Feiyao, but was defeated by Zhuge Liang, and the Shu army took the opportunity to harvest wheat in Shangguan. Subsequently, Wei Jun and the main forces of the Shu Army joined forces east of Shanghai.
At this point, Sima Yi immediately withdrew his troops in the unfavorable situation of the first battle, defended according to risks, and did not fight Zhuge Liang, so Zhuge Liang had to lead the army to retreat. Sima Yi followed Zhuge Liang to Lucheng. At this time, veteran Zhang He suggested: "If he comes from afar to be my enemy, please go to war and say that my interests are not in the war, and I will make long-term plans." And Qishan knows that the army is close, and the human feelings are solid. You can stop here and divide into Indiana Jones, which means it is not appropriate to move forward. If you dare not push, you will lose popularity. Today, I am alone, I eat less, so I can go. "(Zi Tongzhi Jian) advocates that an Indiana Jones should be set aside to outflank Zhuge Liang's rear road, instead of just following and not daring to pursue it.
Sima Yi did not listen to Zhang He's suggestion, but continued to follow Zhuge Liang. After catching up with the Shu army, Sima Yi did not fight Zhuge Liang, but chose to camp on the mountain and continue fighting according to the danger. Sima Yi's move made the generals extremely dissatisfied, and even said, "The public is afraid of Shu like a tiger, but what is ridiculous in the world!" (Zi Tongzhi Jian).
In May of this year, Sima Yi sent Zhang He to attack the Shu army around Qishan and personally led the Central Army to confront Zhuge Liang. Sima Yi, at the request of the Ministry, led an army to confront Zhuge Liang's Shu army. Wei Jun was defeated and captured 3,000 people. So Sima Yi immediately withdrew from the camp and continued to stick to it. In June of that year, the fatal problem of the logistical supply difficulties of the Shu army was once again highlighted. The whole army ran out of food and Zhuge Liang had to retreat. Sima Yi ordered Zhang He to pursue, but Zhang He was shot by Zhuge Liang's ambush at the wooden door.
Looking at the first peak confrontation between the two men, Sima Yi's strategic goal is very clear, that is, to use the weakness of the Shu army coming from afar and lacking food and grass to force it back. However, although Sima Yi achieved the strategic goal, he did not occupy any advantage in tactics. Although Zhuge Liang won the tactical victory, he still failed to solve the long-standing problem of logistics supply, failed to achieve the strategic goal and was forced to retreat.
2, the second duel
After Zhuge Liang withdrew his troops, many ministers of Cao Wei estimated that Zhuge Liang would enter the army next year when the wheat was ripe, and suggested that grain and grass should be transported again for another battle. Sima Yi doesn't think so. He pointed out: "When we came out of Qishan, we attacked Chencang, but we were defeated. If you go out from the back and stop attacking the city, you must hit Longdong, not the west. Every time I hate lack of food, I will accumulate food. As I expected, I can't move unless I have three barns. " (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji)
As Sima Yi expected, Zhuge Liang was ready to attack Wei for another three years. In February 234, Zhuge Liang led a hundred thousand troops out of Xiegukou and began the fifth and last Northern Expedition. In this Northern Dynasty, Zhuge Liang was well prepared, designed a kind of transportation called "Liu Ma", and made an agreement with Sun Quan to send troops to attack Wei. Facing the invasion of Wu and Shu at the same time, Wei Mingdi led his own army to resist Wu Dong, on the other hand, he continued to take Sima Yi as the host of Zhuge Liang's defense against the West. Judging from Cao Wei's military deployment, Wei Mingdi was obviously more concerned about Wu Dong's military action, and asked Sima Yi to follow the final policy of defending the enemy. "However, if you refuse to defend the city wall and defeat its front, you will lose your ambition and retreat without a fight. If you stop for a long time, you will run out of food. If you plunder anything, you will have to go." Go after it, wait for it, and the way to win. "("reflection Shu Wei Ming Di ")
In April 234, Zhuge Liang's army entered the south bank of Weihe River. Sima Yi also led the army to cross the Weihe River and set up camp for the Shu army. At this time, Sima Yi said to the generals: "If you are smart and have martial arts (now Wugong County, Shaanxi Province), if you face the east, you will be worried; If you go to the west five yards, there will be nothing. " (see son). Sure enough, as Sima Yi expected, Zhuge Liang entered Wuzhangyuan.
The original site of Zhang Wu is located in Qishan County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, 30 kilometers east of Xi/KLOC-0 and 56 kilometers west of Baoji. Zhang Wu is more than forty feet high, seven miles long from north to south and two miles wide from east to west, with Qinling Mountains in the south and Weihe River in the north. The situation is dangerous, we can attack when we advance and defend when we retreat. Zhuge Liang chose to camp in Wuzhangyuan, where he settled his fields, apparently with the intention of fighting for a long time.
Then, why is Sima Yi afraid of Zhuge Liang's martial arts? From the map, Wudu is the traffic artery in the Guanzhong area of Cao Wei, which is very close to Chang 'an. If Zhuge Liang goes down the Weihe River with martial arts, he can directly threaten Chang 'an. If so, Sima Yi will have a decisive battle with the main force of the Shu army. This is contrary to Sima Yi's original strategic intention. Zhuge Liang didn't know martial arts because he had to pass through a long and narrow valley between Weihe River and Qinling Mountain, and Sima Yi's army was close at hand, so Zhuge Liang didn't want to take risks. This is exactly the same as his first northern expedition without taking the meridian valley. From a purely military point of view, if you dare not take risks, you will often lose strategic opportunities.
Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Wuzhangyuan and also sent troops to attack Beiyuan. Beiyuan is located on the north bank of Weihe River. If the Shu army takes Beiyuan, it will cut off the passage between Chang 'an and Longxi, threatening the rear of Sima Yi.
But Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou Cao Wei, saw the importance of the North Plain. He said to Sima Yi, "If we just cross the Weihe River, we should take this as the basis first." . It is not in the national interest to isolate the Dragon Road and shake the hearts of the people. "Many people don't agree with this, but Sima Yi attached great importance to this suggestion and sent Guo Huai to the northern plain. Before the Guo Huai camp was built, the Shu army had arrived, and "Huai was the opposite".
In this way, after Sima Yi stuck on Zhuge Liang's marching route, he resolutely refused to fight according to risks, forcing Zhuge Liang to confront Wei Jun in Wuzhangyuan. This is obviously the last thing the Shu army wants to see.
In July of the same year, Wu Dong lost in the battle of the Eastern Front, and Wei Jun further gained the strategic initiative. Cao Wei's ministers thought that Sima Yi and Zhuge Liang were at loggerheads on the Western Front, and suggested that Ming Di should be allowed to live in Chang 'an. However, Wei Mingdi said easily: "Power is gone, courage is broken, and the army is enough to control it. I have no worries. " At this time, the Wei and Shu armies had been at loggerheads in Wuzhangyuan for more than one hundred days. Although Zhuge Liang tried his best to stimulate Sima Yi to play, Sima Yi was unmoved. Zhuge Liang was forced to send someone to give Sima Yi a set of women's clothes in an attempt to anger Sima Yi. In order to quell public anger, Sima Yi went to the table to have a fight. Knowing this, Wei Mingdi sent Minister Xin Pi to contain Jeff's support for Sima Yi's strategy of not fighting. When Zhuge Liang learned of this, he said helplessly, "He has no war, so he invited a military commander to show his strength. I will be in the army, and your life will not be affected. If you can control me, how can you fight evil thousands of miles away! "
In August of this year, Zhuge Liang finally broke down from overwork and died in the army. Thus ending the second peak confrontation with Sima Yi.
3. After death.
After Zhuge Liang's death, the Shu army did not send out obituaries, and the whole army retreated. Sima yi sent troops to pursue, and Shu returned Yang Yi to the flag and beat the drums to fight back. Sima Yi retreated in the name of "hot pursuit", leaving a joke of "Zhuge died while Zhong Dasheng was alive". In this regard, Sima Yi said: "I expect to live, but I can't expect to die", and praised Zhuge Liang as "a genius in the world" (The Book of Jin Xuandi Ji), which means to appreciate each other.