Ningbo City is located in the eastern part of Zhejiang Province, at the eastern end of the Ningshao Plain in the Yangtze River Delta, on the edge of the East China Sea.
Ningbo City is located on both sides of the three rivers where the Yuyao River and the Fenghua River merge into the Yongjiang River, so it is called "Yong" for short.
Ningbo is the largest port city in Zhejiang Province. It is also one of the first coastal port cities in my country to open to the outside world, a city specifically designated in the national plan, and a national historical and cultural city. The "Hemudu Culture" within its territory has a history of more than 7,000 years. .
The terrain in Ningbo slopes from southwest to northeast, with hills in the southwest and Ningshao alluvial plains in the northeast and middle.
The main mountain ranges are Siming Mountain and Tiantai Mountain.
The beauty of mountains, seas and rivers has created Ningbo’s unique natural conditions and rich product environment.
1. The origin of the city name "Ningbo"
The history of Ningbo can be traced back to the Xia Dynasty, more than 2,000 BC.
According to the annals: "In the summer, there was Jinzi Kingdom, named after Chijinshan Mountain, and later added the city name Yin." There are two places in Chijinshan Mountain, one is in the area of ??Tiantong and Baoxiang in today's Yin County , one is in Fenghua.
This is how the name "Yin" first came about.
After Qin Shihuang unified China, he abolished the feudal system and established the prefecture and county system. The three counties of Yin, Luan and Juzhang were formally established and belonged to Kuaiji County.
It is said that at that time, many overseas people came to Ningbo to collect goods and trade, so the nearby mountain was called Luoshan and Luang County was established.
Luan is the combined form of "Maoyi", which means a place of trade.
During the Han Dynasty, the scope of these three counties was roughly as follows: Yin County included the current urban area, southwestern suburbs and southeastern Fenghua area, and the county seat was Baidu, Fenghua today; Luang County included the east of Jiangdong District, and Luang County To the north of the mountain, the county seat is in Luoshan; Juzhang covers the area from Jiangbei to Cixi, and the county seat is near Chengshandu, Zhashan Township, Jiangbei District.
From the Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the construction and scope did not change significantly.
In the Sui Dynasty, Yin and Luang counties were merged into Juzhang, and the county seat was located in Xiaoxi (today's Yinjiang Bridge in Yin County). During the Wude period of Tang Dynasty, Juzhang was renamed Yinzhou, and soon it was renamed Luang. county.
It was not until the twenty-sixth year of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty (738 AD) that a prefecture was established. Because there was Siming Mountain nearby, it was called Mingzhou. Luang County was divided into Luang, Fenghua, Cixi and Wengshan (now Dinghai). County) four counties, belong to Mingzhou.
The state government was initially located in Xiaoxi, and later moved to Sanjiangkou.
During the Yuanhe period, a Wanghai town was established in the east of Luan County.
During the Five Dynasties, the prefectures and counties were under unified governance. Luan County was also renamed Yin County, Wanghai Town was renamed Wanghai County, and later Dinghai County, and Xiangshan was also placed under Mingzhou.
In the sixth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1073), Changguo County (now Dinghai County) was established.
In this way, the scope of Mingzhou generally included the counties of Yin, Ci, Zhen, Feng, Xiang, and Ding in Ningbo.
Mingzhou during the Tang and Song Dynasties was an important foreign trade port for our country. "Siming Zhi" has a record of "overseas countries, Jia's ships came to". In 1974, the Tang Dynasty unearthed at Heyi Road Fine porcelain is export porcelain exported through Ningbo Port.
In the Tang Dynasty, Mingzhou also established an agency specializing in managing foreign trade - the Municipal Shipping Department.
At that time, those who landed from Mingzhou to pay tribute and trade included Japan, Goryeo and some Southeast Asian countries.
By the Song Dynasty, Mingzhou, Quanzhou and Guangzhou were known as the three major foreign trade ports in the country. .
During the reign of Emperor Lizong of the Southern Song Dynasty, Mingzhou was renamed Qingyuan Prefecture, and in the Yuan Dynasty it was renamed Qingyuan Road.
After Zhu Yuanzhang pacified Fang Guozhen, because "Qingyuan" meant celebrating the Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to Mingzhou Prefecture.
In the 14th year of Hongwu (AD 1381), because the word "Ming" in Mingzhou was the same as the country name of the Ming Dynasty, it was changed to Ningbo Prefecture.
Since Zhenhai County was still called Dinghai County at that time, and Mingzhou was close to Zhenhai, it took the meaning of "Haiding leads to Boning".
This is the origin of the name "Ningbo" today.
2. Ningbo Culture and Specialty Products
(1) Ningbo people in the Ningbo Gang are one family
The famous "Ningbo Gang" is a place where Ningbo businessmen carry out business A group name gradually formed and developed during the activities, it is a famous business gang in history.
Be brave and create great achievements.
There is a saying that there is no market without peace.
This shows the entrepreneurial spirit of Ningbo people.
Starting a business requires both grand and long-term goals and perseverance.
Just like building a building, the goal is to construct the overall design of the building, and the actual work is to build the steel and gravel of the building.
Ningbo is located on the seaside and is densely populated. Among those who have been doing business for a long time, a large number of industrialists have emerged. They are rooted in Ningbo and started their businesses in Shanghai, Tianjin, Wuhan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Some of them moved overseas, such as Yu Qiaqing, Wu Jintang, Wang Kuancheng, Pao Yugang, Run Run Shaw, Ying Changqi and so on.
From the life experiences of these Ningbo business gangs, we can find the spirit of Ningbo people who are constantly striving for self-improvement, enduring hardships and striving for great achievements.
In the development history of Shanghai, Ningbo people have created more than 50 firsts, such as the first bank, the first securities firm, etc. Their careers have grown from scratch, from small to large, From weak to strong, it has made important contributions to local economic and social development.
Serve your hometown.
This is a spirit of patriotism.
Almost everywhere where Ningbo people are engaged in business in other places, there are organizations of Ningbo hometown associations. These hometown associations all have a common purpose, to help the villagers and serve their hometown.
This concept is particularly evident among Ningbo business gangs.
When they left their homeland, traveled north and south, worked hard to start a business, and achieved results, they never forgot to serve the country and benefit the folks in their hometown.
Take Run Run Shaw's nostalgia as an example, which can be proved from the "three treasures" he collected: a piece of clay product the size of a silver dollar, surrounded by a circle of rice, and in the middle is a grain of rice. There are two words "locality" and the word "shou" on the reverse side; an ancient silver key with four words engraved on it: "Sangzi Key"; a stone paperweight with the handwriting of Shaw's ancestors on it.
Run Run Shaw's life motto is more clear: "I want to do more for the prosperity of the country." He has donated more than 1 billion in funds for science and education in various parts of the motherland.
Being open-minded, bravely creating great achievements, and serving the country are important connotations of the Zhejiang spirit of "continuous self-improvement, perseverance, courage to innovate, and emphasis on practical results", and are also a concrete manifestation of the Zhejiang spirit in a region.
As a Ningbo native, I sincerely hope that the Ningbo spirit will show its powerful power in promoting Ningbo’s economic development and improving the cultural quality of Ningbo’s folks.
(2) "Ninghai Lion Dance", a unique dance art in Ningbo
Ninghai is known as the "Hometown of Lion Dance".
Lion dance originated from Buddhism, began in the Tang Dynasty, and became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
When people worship gods and ancestors, they often express their good wishes for a good harvest and peace through the custom of lion dance.
Lion dance is usually performed in the first lunar month or festive festivals, and is carried out by a specific organization called the Lion Class.
Whenever the lion troupe comes to perform in the village, someone will announce the event, blow trumpets, beat gongs, beat drums, and set off firecrackers, creating a lively scene to signal the arrival of good luck.
First perform in ancestral halls and temples for the ancestors and gods to show magnanimity and piety, and then go to the square to form a lion dance.
"Ninghai Lion Dance" has its own unique style.
There are both martial lion dances, which express the brave character of lions in mountainous areas, and civil lion dances, which express the docile character of lions in coastal areas. The areas between the mountains and the sea blend the two styles into one, forming a civil and military dance. Lion dance.
(3) "China's Fishing Festival", a vivid practice of fishing culture
Ningbo fishermen have a folk custom of fishing and offering sacrifices to the sea since ancient times.
Local leaders and insightful people have elevated the fishermen’s spontaneous ceremony into a grand ceremony of marine culture, integrating culture, tourism, and economic and trade activities, giving it rich cultural connotation and distinctive fishing significance. Township characteristics.
The traditional sea sacrificial ceremony expresses the fishermen’s wishes for safety at sea; the “Blue Protection Volunteer” action reflects people’s awareness of protecting the marine ecological environment; and the grand opening of fishing with the sound of gongs and drums and thousands of sails competing Attracting hundreds of thousands of tourists from all over the country.
Ningbo’s Xiangshan Peninsula has a coastline of 800 kilometers. Xiangshan County is a major fishing county in the country, and the fishing industry occupies an important position in the local marine fishery economy.
In order to arouse fishermen’s awareness of the declining marine resources and educate fishermen to consciously protect marine resources, the Xiangshan County Party Committee and County Government initiated the Chinese Fishing Festival in 1998 and decided to hold it on the day when the fishing moratorium in the East China Sea ended. A grand fishing opening ceremony welcomes fishermen to sail out to sea.
The activities of the Fishing Festival, on the basis of reforming traditional customs, endow it with positive elements that reflect the spiritual outlook and social and cultural characteristics of contemporary fishermen.
Ceremonies such as offering sacrifices to the sea, releasing fry into the sea (releasing fish fry into the sea), and sailing boats are used to express *** and all walks of life in welcoming fishermen to the sea, wishing them a safe trip to the sea and returning with a full load; guiding the majority of fishermen to love the ocean, protect and Properly develop marine resources.
The Fishing Festival takes "Open Fishing" as its motto. Guests from all over the world are invited to hold cultural activities with the cultural characteristics of the word "sea". The Festival is used as a literary and artistic stage to perform the development of the ocean and the protection of the sea. Ocean, economic and trade negotiations, coastal tourism, academic exchanges and other symphonies that promote economic development
(4) Ningbo Clothing and International Fashion Festival
Characteristics of Ningbo Clothing: First, Ningbo is The birthplace of modern Chinese clothing, China’s first suit, first shirt, and first Chinese tunic suit were all made by Ningbo tailors.
Second, Ningbo is one of the largest clothing producing areas in China, with clothing output accounting for about 12% of the country's total.
Third, Ningbo is one of the most important garment export cities in China. The city’s self-operated garment exports can reach nearly 3 billion US dollars every year.
Fourth, Ningbo is the city with the most national-level clothing brands, with a large number of nationally famous clothing brands such as Youngor, Shanshan, Luomeng, Peacebird, Tangshi, and Peiluocheng.
Fifth, Ningbo has the only clothing museum in the country; 6. Ningbo has the first-class clothing schools in the country.
The Ningbo International Fashion Festival hosted by the Ningbo Municipal People’s Government is a comprehensive large-scale cultural and economic and trade event in Ningbo.
Relying on Ningbo, China’s largest clothing industry cluster, by organizing a series of clothing culture, clothing economic and trade and art exchange activities, Ningbo expands its external influence, enriches citizens’ cultural life, and promotes Ningbo’s international economic cooperation. and cultural exchange.
So far, the Ningbo International Fashion Festival has been successfully held for ten consecutive times and has been rated as one of the "Top Ten Most Internationally Influential Festivals in China". It is the only fashion festival in the country to win this honor. .
(5) "The cultural cradle of the Chinese nation", Ningbo Hemudu Cultural Site
It is a cultural site from the early Neolithic Age.
It is located in the northeast of Hemudu Village, Luojiang Township, Yuyao, Ningbo, covering an area of ??40,000 square meters.
Excavation began in 1973.
There are four successively laminated cultural layers. The third and fourth layers are the earliest Neolithic cultural layers discovered in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southeastern coastal areas. They were unearthed about 6000-7000 years ago. The cultural relics are very rich, including a large number of relics of artificially cultivated rice, tens of thousands of pottery and bone vessels engraved with relatively fine decorative patterns.
Among them, artificially cultivated rice is the earliest crop discovered so far in our country.
The discovery of a large number of cultural relics at the Hemudu site proves that as early as 6,000-7,000 years ago, there was a relatively advanced primitive culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
(6) "Stinky winter melon" with unique flavor
"Smelly winter melon" is the favorite home-cooked dish of Ningbo people.
It has a unique flavor, a strange aroma and a delicious taste, and is suitable for all ages.
"Smelly winter melon" is made from winter melon cut into pieces, cooked and cooled thoroughly, then sprinkled with fine salt, sesame oil and other seasonings.
The way to eat it is very unique, soaking the cooked winter melon pieces in "stinky brine" and eating it, which is rare in the world.
(7) Ningbo Tangyuan
Tangyuan was originally called Yuanxiao. According to research, Ningbo Tangyuan began in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and has a history of more than 700 years.
It is made from local first-grade glutinous rice ground into powder, and filled with delicate and pure white sugar, black sesame and high-quality lard. It has a fragrant, sweet, fresh, smooth and waxy texture. Characteristics: When you bite into the skin, the oily aroma overflows, it is glutinous but not sticky, fresh and delicious, which is amazing, so it is well-known at home and abroad.
Every morning on the first day of the first lunar month in Ningbo, every household, men, women, old and young, eat Ningbo glutinous rice dumplings to express joy, reunion and good luck.
Some overseas Chinese always like to eat a bowl of glutinous rice dumplings during festive seasons to express their homesickness.
Since 1982, Ningbo dumplings have become the first snack variety exported overseas by Zhejiang Province.
In 1997, it was selected as a famous Chinese snack.
(8) Ningbo Xikou Thousand Layer Cake
The making of Thousand Layer Cake in Xikou began during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty and has a history of more than 100 years.
It has a square shape and 27 layers inside, with distinct layers, golden and green, crispy, sweet and salty, salty and fresh, with a unique flavor that leaves a lingering fragrance in your mouth after eating, and you will never get tired of eating it. .
Go back some to comfort your homesickness.In addition to being popular in eastern Zhejiang, the Thousand Layer Cake is also exported to Japan, Southeast Asian countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.
(9) "After running through the three passes and six docks, I ate Fenghua taro head"
Ningbo Fenghua taro head is a famous traditional local product in Ningbo. It is the taro produced in Fenghua Qiange. The head is the most prestigious.
Taro head is rich in starch, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other ingredients.
There are many ways to eat taro. It can be braised, steamed, grilled with salt or grilled in pickle juice, or stewed with spareribs. "Pork Ribs and Taro Stew" has become a famous dish on the Ningbo dining table. It tastes unique.
3. Historical Celebrities in Ningbo
(1) Yu Shinan, a "talent born in the world, with five unique talents"
Yu Shinan, courtesy name Bo Shi, was born in Yuyao, Ningbo .
One of the four great calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty.
He studied under Gu Yewang when he was young. He thought diligently for ten years and his articles were civilized in the world.
At first, he was a close minister of Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty. After entering the Tang Dynasty, he was a bachelor of Hongwen Hall, an official to secretary supervisor, and was granted the title of son of Yongxing County (his later name was Yu Yongxing).
He was highly respected by Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. After his death, he presented it to the Minister of Rites and had his portrait painted in Lingyan Pavilion. He was one of the twenty-four meritorious officials.
Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty once issued an edict: "A man from Shinan has extraordinary talents, so he possesses five unique talents."
The first is called loyalty, the second is called friendship, the third is called Bowen, and the fourth is called Bowen. "Wuyue Shuhan"
Yu Shinan learned calligraphy from Zhiyong when he was young, and obtained the Wang family biography, so his writing style is round and plump, soft on the outside and strong on the inside, with smooth blood.
His works were already very rare in the Yuan Dynasty. The ones we can find today include "Stele in the Temple of Confucius", "On Destroying Evil", "Epitaph of Princess Runan", and "Preface to the Orchid Pavilion". "wait.
One of the "Tang Dynasty Copyings of Orchid Pavilion Prefaces" is said to be Yu Shinan's ink.
(2) "Master of Mind" Wang Shouren
Wang Shouren, courtesy name Bo'an, was born in Yuyao, Ningbo, and was an important thinker in the Ming Dynasty.
Because he built a house in Yangming Cave in Yuyao, he is known as Mr. Yangming in the world.
The doctrine he founded was not only famous for a while, but also dominated the ideological world for hundreds of years.
He developed Lu Xiangxian's subjective idealism and became a major school in the history of Neo-Confucianism - Xinxue, which played an important role in the history of Chinese thought.
He believed that "all things are nothing but my mind" and "mind clarity is the law of heaven", and he proposed the theory of "leading to conscience".
It emphasizes the "unity of knowledge and action" and requires that unwholesome thoughts be overcome in time in the process of inner activities. However, it also emphasizes from the perspective of moral cultivation that one cannot just talk but not do, and advocates that being able to do is true knowledge.
His theory had a great influence after the mid-Ming Dynasty and became popular in Japan, where it was called "Yangming Studies".
His first works were compiled into thirty-eight volumes of "Wang Wencheng Gongquan Shu" by his disciples, among which the most important ones in philosophy are "Zhuanxi Lu" and "Great Learning".
(3) Huang Zongxi, the "Loyal Son"
Huang Zongxi was a Chinese historian and thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.
A native of Yuyao, Ningbo.
His courtesy name is Taichong and his nickname is Nanlei. Scholars respect him as Mr. Lizhou.
His father died due to persecution by the eunuchs in Donglin Prison.
After Emperor Chongzhen ascended the throne, Zongxi went to Beijing to avenge his father's grievances, and was praised as the "loyal minister and orphan".
In the second year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1645), the Qing army went south and the Hongguang regime collapsed. King Zhu Yihai of Lu supervised the country in Shaoxing.
He recruited villagers to raise troops in Yuyao to resist the Qing Dynasty, which was called "Shizhong Camp" at that time.
The King of Lu's regime granted him the post of supervisory censor *** Fang.
After being defeated, he returned to his hometown, taught his apprenticeships, and wrote until his death. He did not serve in the Qing court until his death.
Huang Zongxi had a wide range of academic fields and made great achievements, especially in history.
He experienced the changes of Ming and Qing Dynasties and believed that "a country can be destroyed, but history cannot be destroyed."
When discussing history, he focused on historical law and emphasized the credibility of facts.
The Case of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty is the first systematic monograph on the history of academic thought in China.
In philosophy, it is believed that Qi is the foundation, and if there is no Qi, there is no reason, and reason is the principle of Qi. However, it is also believed that the heart is Qi, and it is the heart that fills the heavens and the earth.
Politically, he profoundly criticized the feudal autocratic monarchy and proposed that a king is a great harm to the world. It is better to have no king. He advocated the abolition of the law of the monarch and the establishment of the law of the world for all people.
He also proposed the idea of ??using schools as political institutions.
He was proficient in calendar, geography, mathematics, and edition catalogues, and applied what he gained to the practice of historical management, analyzing the authenticity of historical events, and correcting the gains and losses of historical records. He had many outstanding insights, which had an impact on the entire Qing Dynasty. generation.
His lifetime writings are roughly classified into miscellaneous works on history, Confucian classics, geography, law and calendar, mathematics, and poetry. There are more than 50 kinds and nearly a thousand volumes.
He is the author of "The Case of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty", "The Case of the Song and Yuan Dynasties", "The Case of the History of the Ming Dynasty" (unpublished so far), "Ming Wen Hai", "Datong Li Tui Fa", "Siming Mountain Chronicles", etc.
(4) Wan Sitong, chief editor of "History of the Ming Dynasty"
Wan Sitong, whose courtesy name was Jiye and whose name was Shiyuan, was from Yinzhou, Ningbo.
A famous historian in the Qing Dynasty and an important member of the "Eastern Zhejiang School".
When he was young, he studied under Huang Zongxi, read various histories, and devoted himself to studying historical books such as "Records of the Ming Dynasty". He was especially familiar with the anecdotes of the Ming Dynasty and once wrote a book "Manuscript of the History of the Ming Dynasty".
Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty issued an edict to compile the "History of the Ming Dynasty". Wan Sitong participated as a commoner. Although he did not have a title or salary, he was actually the chief editor of the "History of the Ming Dynasty".
Huge achievements in history.
(5) "Master of Peking Opera". Zhou Xinfang
Zhou Xinfang, a famous scholar in Chu, whose stage name is Qilin Tong, is from Cixi, a famous Peking Opera actor and Gong Laosheng.
Born into a family of entertainers, he learned opera from Chen Changxing at the age of seven and began performing in Hangzhou under the stage name Qilingtong.
Before and after the May 4th Movement, influenced by the ideas of the New Culture Movement, he performed new plays such as "Song Jiaoren" and "Learning to Boxing and Fighting King Kong", criticizing Yuan Shikai and others.
He has performed in Shanghai for a long time and was influenced by Tan Xinpei, Feng Zihe, etc.; he also collaborated with Wang Hongshou, Wang Xiaonong, Pan Yueqiao, etc. to compile, perform and transplant many plays.
He has the courage to innovate in art, inherits and develops the realistic performance method of national opera, creates many typical characters with distinctive personalities, and forms his own artistic style, which has a wide influence and is known as "Lin" in the world. group".
His representative works include "Four Jinshi", "Xu Ce Running for the City", "Xiao He Chasing Han Xin Under the Moon", "Qingfeng Pavilion", etc.
He has served as the deputy director of the Chinese Opera Research Institute, the director of the East China Opera Research Institute, the director of the Shanghai Peking Opera Company, the vice chairman of the Chinese Operators Association, the vice chairman of the Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and the director of the Chinese Opera Association. Chairman of the Shanghai Branch of the National Association of Chinese Artists and other positions.
His treatises are compiled into "Essays on Zhou Xinfang's Dramas", his frequently performed plays are compiled into "Selected Scripts of Zhou Xinfang's Performances", and a book "Zhou Xinfang's Stage Art" is published which records his stage art.