There are many famous figures in the Three Kingdoms, such as Cao Cao, Guo Jia, Zhao Yun, Sun Quan, Lu Meng, Zhou Yu and many other figures. But personally I don’t like Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei very much. Shu Han likes Zhao Yun and Zhuge Liang more than I like Guo Jia. , but I think the only thing Guo Jia lost to Zhuge Liang was that he only lived 38 years.
Guo Jia, courtesy name Fengxiao, was born and died in 170-207 (38 years old). Place of birth: Yangzhai, Yingchuan (now Yuzhou, Henan).
Official arrival: Military advisor offered wine to Weiyang Tinghou Sikong (Chasing) Posthumous title: Zhenhou
Children Guo Yi
Related figures: Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Lu Bu, dramatist, Sun Ce, Tadun, Xun Yu, Liu Biao, Liu Bei
Final family: Cao Cao once belonged to the forces: Yuan Shao and Cao Cao
Introduction to Guo Jia
Guo Jia (170-207), named Fengxiao, was born in Yangzhai, Yingchuan (now Yuzhou, Henan), in the late Eastern Han Dynasty A famous counselor under Cao Cao. He "rarely has far-sightedness". Guo Jia has been invisible since he was 20 years old, secretly befriending heroes and heroes ("Since he was weak, he has been anonymous, and he has secretly made friends with Yingjun") and does not associate with secular people. Therefore, there are many people who don’t know it, but those who know it are amazing.”) These "Yingjun" should include Xun Yu, Xin Ping, Guo Tu and others, talking about the current situation. This laid the foundation for his career as a counselor. In order to achieve success, he first made suggestions among the stronger Yuan Shao's army. Later, he discovered that Yuan Shao was "many with many tricks and few important points, and was fond of schemes but no decisions", so he was recommended by Xun Yu and returned to Cao Cao. Cao Cao originally had special feelings for Yingchuan Xianda. He believed that "you and Yinggu have many extraordinary talents", so he paid special attention to Guo Jia.
Guo Jiachu surrendered to Yuan Shao, and Yuan Shao respected him very much. Ten days after Guo Jia's stay, he told Yuan Shao's counselors Xin Ping and Guo Tu: "A wise man judges his master, so he can achieve success with every move and achieve great success. Mr. Yuan wanted to imitate Zhou Gong's subordinates, but he didn't know how to recruit people." There are many secrets and few important points, and there is no solution. If you want to cooperate with the emperor to save the world from the great disaster and determine the cause of the overlord, it will be difficult." They also said: "I will go to the Lord again, and Ziyun will go!" But the two said: "The Yuan family has been kind to the world, and many people have returned to it. She is now the strongest. Where will she go?" Guo Jiazhi and the others had not yet discovered Yuan Shao's shortcomings, so they left Shao without saying anything more.
At first, Xi Zhicai, a famous scholar from Yingchuan, was Cao Cao's adviser, and Cao Cao regarded him very highly. Reluctantly, Xi Zhicai died young, so Cao Cao wrote to his advisor Xun Yu. The book said: "After Zhicai's death, there is nothing to do with anyone who plans affairs. You and Ying Gu have many outstanding talents, who can succeed you?" Xun Yu saw After writing the letter, he recommended Guo Jia to Cao Cao.
Cao Cao summoned Guo Jia, discussed world affairs with him, and said happily: "This is the person who will make Guo a great businessman." After the meeting, Guo Jia also said very happily: "The real Lord is me." Cao Cao then appointed Guo Jia as the commander of the Air Force to offer wine sacrifices in the first year of Jian'an (196). Since then, Guo Jia has been trusted by Cao Cao for his many strategies and good judgment.
In the same year, Lu Bu rescued Liu Bei by shooting a halberd at the gate. Liu Bei soon gained more than 10,000 troops, which aroused Lu Bu's jealousy and led his troops to attack Liu Bei. Liu Bei escaped and surrendered to Cao Cao. Cao Cao treated him very well and allowed Liu Bei to pastor Yuzhou. Someone said to Cao Cao: "You have heroic ambitions. If you don't act early today, you will be in trouble later." Cao Cao asked him what he should do, and he said: "Yes. However, the Duke raised an army to eliminate violence for the people, and he used the stick of sincerity and trust. Recruiting heroes is still a matter of fear. Nowadays, there are heroes who want to harm themselves because of poverty. This is the name of harming the virtuous. In this way, wise men will doubt themselves and choose their masters. Who will rule the world? ! To eliminate one person's troubles and suppress the hope of the whole world, we must not ignore the opportunities for safety." Cao Cao said with a smile: "You have got it!" So he increased Liu Bei's troops and food, and sent him to Pei (now Peixian County, Jiangsu Province) to collect scattered soldiers to deal with Lu Bu.
In the second year of Jian'an (197), Yuan Shaoxiu wrote to Cao Cao, and his words were arrogant. Cao Cao was furious and said to Xun Yu and Guo Jia: "What if we are unable to defeat the unjust people now?" The two men replied: "It is known to everyone that Liu and Xiang were defeated. The Han ancestor only outsmarted Xiang Yu. Therefore, although the feathers are strong, they will eventually be captured. Today, Shao will suffer ten defeats and the public will win ten times. Although Shao is strong, there is nothing he can do.
Shao has many rituals and rituals, and the public body is left to its own devices. This is the way to win. Shao is rebellious and the public is obedient to lead the world. This is righteousness. Since Huan and Ling, the government has failed to be lenient, and Shao has been lenient to give lenient, so If you don't take pictures, the public corrects them fiercely and knows how to control them. This is the victory of the government. It is easy to be strict on the outside and taboo on the inside. People are suspicious when hiring. Only relatives and children are appointed. The public is easy to be simple but the inside is clear. There is no doubt that people should be hired only by their talents. Appropriate, regardless of distance, this is the way to win; Shao has many plans and few decisions, and the loss is in the aftermath. The public can act at will, with endless adaptability, and this is the way to win; Shao Gao makes concessions to gain reputation, and the good words of a scholar are disguised. Many return it, treat others with sincerity, and do not be vain. Those who are loyal, upright, far-sighted and practical are willing to use them. This virtue is won by seeing people who are hungry and cold, and they feel pity for it. It is reflected in the color, but they cannot be seen, and they are worried about it. Not as good as it is, public affairs are sometimes neglected, but as for big things, they are connected with the world, and the kindness they receive is beyond their expectations. Although they are not seen, they are all considered, and this kind of kindness wins; the ministers fight for power, slander and create chaos, If the public governs the subordinates with Taoism, but it cannot be soaked in, this is a clear victory; if Shao is right and wrong, it is unknown, if the public is to advance with etiquette, and if the public is to follow the law, this is the victory; if Shao is good, it is a false power, and he does not know the key points of the army, so the public is less. To conquer the masses and use troops like a god, the soldiers will rely on it and the enemy will be afraid of it. This is the victory of martial arts. Cao Cao smiled and said: "As you said, how can I be so virtuous?" "Guo Jia added: "Shaofang attacked Gongsun Zan from the north, but because of his expedition, he took Lu Bu from the east. If Shao becomes a bandit and Bu comes to his aid, this will cause serious harm. Xun Yu said: "If we don't take Lu Bu first, Hebei will not be easy to map." "Cao Cao said: "Yes. Those who are confused by me are also afraid that Shao will invade Guanzhong, chaos Qiang and Hu in the west, and lure Shu and Han in the south. So I can fight five-sixths of the world with Yan and Henan alone. What will be done? Xun Yu said: "There are ten generals in Guanzhong, but none of them can be compared. Only Han Sui and Ma Teng are the strongest. When he saw the struggle in Shandong, he must support the people to protect himself. Now if he shows kindness and sends envoys to make peace, although it will not last long, it will be more stable than the public security of Shandong, which will be enough to stop moving. Zhong Yao, the servant of the minister and the minister, is very resourceful. If it is an affair of the west, the public has no worries." Cao Cao then made Zhong Yao the official of Shi Zhong and the Sili Xiaowei, and supervise all the troops in Guanzhong. Zhong Yao arrived in Chang'an and moved to Chang'an. He wrote to Han Sui, Ma Teng and others, and they each sent their sons to Beijing as hostages.
In the third year of Jian'an (198), Cao Cao attacked Lu Bu and retreated to Xiapi (now Suining, Jiangsu). Northwest). Cao Cao's army was unable to attack for a long time and his soldiers were exhausted. Guo Jia and Xun You pointed out: "Lü Bu is brave but has no plan. He has fought in the north for the past three battles and his vigor has declined. The three armies are dominated by generals. If the leader is weak, the army will have no will to fight. "Chen Gong was wise but was late. Now that Bu Qi has not recovered, the palace plan is still undecided. If we advance urgently to attack, Bu can pull it out." Cao Cao nodded and said yes, so Cao's army diverted the Yishui and Si rivers to flood the city. Scripture Over the next month, Lü Bu became even more distressed. In December, Lü Bu's generals Hou Cheng, Song Xian, Wei Xu and others rebelled and led Cao's army into Xiapi. Lü Bu was surrounded at Baimen Tower and was forced to surrender. Chen Gong, Gao Shun and others took the lead in Xudu and made a triumphant return. In this battle, Cao Cao annihilated his powerful enemy Lu Bu, creating favorable conditions for wiping out Yuan Shao and other separatist forces and completing the great cause of unifying the north.
Jian'an. In the fourth year (199), after Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty and moved the capital to Xuchang (today's east of Xuchang, Henan), he took sole control of the military and political power and took charge of the government. The emperor became a puppet. The cavalry general Dong Cheng accepted the emperor's clothing and belt edict, and Liu Bei and Changshui School. Wei Zhongji, general Wu Zilan, Wang Zifu and others plotted to get rid of Cao Cao. Liu Bei was afraid of Cao Cao's suspicion and wanted to seize the opportunity to escape from Cao Cao's control. Taking advantage of the defeat of the right general Yuan Shu, he took the initiative to request that he go with generals Guo Jia, Cheng Yu, Dong Zhao and others to intercept. After hearing this, everyone said: "You can't be prepared!" Cao Cao regretted it and immediately sent people to pursue him, but it was too late. Later, Yuan Shunan fled to Shouchun (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), and Zhu Ling returned to the court in December. When Cao Cao was deploying the war against Yuan Shao, he attacked and killed Chezhou, the governor of Xuzhou (governing Xiapi, now northwest of Suining, Jiangsu Province), and defeated Liu Dai's army, the commander of Sima sent by Cao Cao to attack, and occupied Xuzhou and Xiapi (now northwest of Suining, Jiangsu Province). ) and other places, betrayed Cao Cao and responded to Yuan Shao
In the first month of the fifth year of Jian'an (200), the plan of Chariot General Dong Cheng and others to assassinate Cao Cao was leaked, and Dong Cheng, Wang Zifu, and Zhong Ji were all massacred. The three tribes were destroyed, but Liu Bei, who participated in the conspiracy, escaped by chance and became more and more powerful. Cao Cao wanted to conquer Liu Bei personally. The generals were worried that Yuan Shao would attack from behind, so they all said: "The one who fights for the world with me is Yuan Shao. What happens if you come to the east and abandon it? Shao takes advantage of others? Cao Cao said: "Liu Bei is an outstanding man. If we don't attack him now, we will be in trouble later." Guo Jia also believed: "Shaoxing is late and suspicious, and it will not come quickly." "The new preparations are coming, but the public is not attached to them. If you attack them hastily, they will be defeated." In order to cut off future troubles, Cao Cao personally led an army to conquer Liu Bei. Tian Feng, who did not drive in Jizhou, persuaded Yuan Shao to take the opportunity to attack Cao Cao's rear. However, Yuan Shao used the excuse that his youngest son was seriously ill. Refuse to send troops.
Liu Bei was alarmed to learn that Cao Cao's army was approaching. He led dozens of cavalry out of the city to observe. Sure enough, he saw Cao Cao's banner and had to rush to fight. He was defeated by Cao's army and Liu Bei's wife was captured. Cao Cao then captured Xiapi and forced the surrender of Liu Bei's general Guan Yu. He then attacked Chang Xi and others who were attached to Liu Bei and defeated them. Liu Bei fled to Yecheng (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province) to join Yuan Shao, and gradually collected the scattered and defeated generals, which became Yuan Shao's force to attack Cao Cao. In this battle, Cao Cao quickly defeated Liu Bei and avoided the situation of fighting on both sides in the Battle of Guandu.
Starting from the second year of Xingping (195), Sun Ce borrowed troops from Yuan Shu and crossed the river to conquer Jiangdong (see Sun Ce's Battle of Jiangdong). By the fifth year of Jian'an (200), Sun Ce had exhausted all his power. He won the land east of Jiangdong and became a powerful force in the separatist party. At this time, Sun Ce heard that Cao Cao and Yuan Shao were at a stalemate in Guandu, and wanted to lead his army across the Yangtze River to attack Xuchang. All Cao's troops were shocked, but Guo Jia said: "When we launched a new campaign to invade Jiangdong, we killed all heroes and heroes who could kill people. However, our strategy was light and unprepared. Even though there were millions of people, it was no different than marching alone in the Central Plains." If an assassin lies in wait, one person will die at the hands of a common man, as far as I can see.” Sun Ceguo was targeted by Guo Jiayan and later killed by an assassin.
In the same year, Guo Jia accompanied Cao Cao in defeating Yuan Shao in the Battle of Guandu. In May of the seventh year of Jian'an (201), Yuan Shao died of vomiting blood in anger due to his defeat. His youngest son Yuan Shang inherited the position of general and pastor of Jizhou, and ordered his eldest son Yuan Tan to lead a small number of troops to defend Liyang. In September, Cao's army crossed the Yellow River to attack Liyang. Tan asked for more troops, but he was afraid that Tan would seize power if he had too many soldiers, so he led his own army to come to the rescue and held a stalemate with Cao's army in Liyang.
In February of the eighth year of Jian'an (203), Cao's army launched a general offensive and fought under the city of Liyang. Yuan's army was defeated. Yuan Shang and Yuan Tan abandoned the city and fled to Ye, and Cao's army occupied Liyang. In April, Cao Cao marched into Yecheng to harvest wheat to replenish his army's supplies. Yuan Jun took the opportunity to launch a counterattack, but Cao Jun was slightly defeated. Cao Cao planned to reorganize the siege. Guo Jia believes: "Yuan Shao loves these two sons and would rather not establish them. With Guo Tu and Feng Ji serving as his advisers, they will fight each other or be separated from each other. If you are in a hurry, you will stalemate, if you slow down, you will fight for your heart. It is better to go south. In Jingzhou, if Liu Biao is attacked, wait for him to change; then attack him after he changes, so that he can be defeated in one fell swoop." Cao Cao accepted his plan. In May, he withdrew his troops and returned to Xuchang (today's east of Xuchang, Henan Province), leaving general Jia Xin to station troops in Liyang to monitor Yuan's army.
In the ninth year of Jian'an (203), Yuan Shang and Yuan Tan launched an internal strife. Yuan Tan was defeated by Yuan Shang and sent Xinbi to beg Cao Cao for surrender. Cao Cao then attacked Yecheng (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei) in the name of supporting Yuan Tan. In July, Yuan Shang's army broke up and fled to Zhongshan (now Dingzhou, Hebei), and all the baggage was captured by Cao's army. The defenders of Yecheng collapsed after hearing the flood. In October, Yuan Shang's forces were basically eliminated by Cao Cao.
When Cao Cao besieged Yecheng, Yuan Tan, who had surrendered to Cao Cao, betrayed Cao Cao and took the opportunity to capture Ganling, Anping, Bohai, Hejian and other places, and then attacked and fled to Zhongshan (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province). ), forced Yuan Shang to flee Gu'an (now Donggu'an, Yi County, Hebei Province) and defect to Yuan Xi, the governor of Youzhou (which governs the southwest of today's Beijing). Yuan Tan collected the remnants of Yuan Shang's troops and stationed them in Longcuo (southeast of today's Shandong Plain). After Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shang, he sent troops to attack Yuan Tan according to various defeating strategies, using Yuan Tan's betrayal of the alliance as an excuse. In the first month of the 10th year of Jian'an (204), Cao Cao attacked Nanpi, defeated Yuan's army and occupied Nanpi. Yuan Tan fled, but was overtaken and killed by Cao's army. All counties and counties under Yuan Tan surrendered to Cao Cao. Guo Jia said to Cao Cao: "Pick up more Qing, Ji, You, and famous people as your subordinates, so that people's hearts will be attached to them." In order to appease the local government, Cao Cao adopted Guo Jia's suggestions and stabilized his rule. Jizhou was pacified, and Guo Jia was named Weiyang Tinghou for his meritorious service.
At that time, the Wuhuan tribe, a minority ethnic group in western Liaoning, took advantage of the war in the Central Plains and abducted more than 100,000 Han border residents. After Cao Cao captured Jizhou and killed Yuan Tan, Yuan Xi and Yuan Shang fled to Wuhuan. The two joined forces and continued to invade the border. In order to unify the north, Cao Cao began his expedition to Wuhuan in the autumn of the twelfth year of Jian'an (207). After Liu Bei heard the news, he immediately rushed to Jingzhou and advised Liu Biao to take advantage of Cao Cao's northern expedition to Wuhuan to seize Xudu (today's east of Xuchang, Henan), welcome Emperor Xian, and revitalize the Han Dynasty. Cao Cao was very worried, and all the generals said: "Yuan Shang died in captivity. The barbarians and Di are greedy and have no relatives. How can they be used by Shang! Now that we are going deep into the expedition, Liu Bei will definitely tell Liu Biao to attack. If something changes, don't regret it." Only Guo Jia believed: "Although the Duke is powerful in the world, Hu will not be equipped because he is far away. Because he is unprepared, he will be destroyed if he attacks suddenly. Moreover, Yuan Shao is kind to the people and barbarians, and he still wants his brothers to survive. Today, four The people of the state only used power and virtue, and did not add any virtues. They gave up and marched south. They recruited the ministers of their dead lord because of Wuwan's money. When the barbarians moved, the people were afraid of responding, so they were eager to be stunned. The coveted plan is due to fear that Qing and Hebei are not his own.
When you sit down and talk to guests, you know that your talents are not enough to prepare for the army. If you are responsible for a heavy task, you may not be able to control it. If you are responsible for a light task, the preparation will not be used. Although the country is in vain and the expedition is carried out, the public has no worries."
Cao Cao After hearing this, he suddenly became enlightened and immediately sent his troops northward. When they entered Yi (now northwest of Xiong County, Hebei Province), Guo Jia made another suggestion: "Soldiers are valuable and quick. Today, when we attack people thousands of miles away, there is so much baggage that it is difficult to make a profit, and if the enemy hears about it, he must be prepared. It is better to leave the baggage and use the light troops to move out to cover up the enemy." Cao Cao acted according to the plan, personally led the light cavalry, and marched day and night. , marching quickly at Bailang Mountain (now Bailu Mountain in the east of Kalaqin Left Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning), annihilated the main force of Wuhuan and the remaining forces of Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi, killed more than 10 people under Tadun and the famous king, and captured more than 200,000 people. (See the Battle of Bailang Mountain). Yuan Shang and Yuan Xi defected to Gongsun Kang, the governor of Liaodong County. Cao Cao did not continue the pursuit, but waited for Gongsun Kang to send the two Yuan's heads. In September, Cao Cao withdrew from Liucheng. Soon after, Gongsun Kangfu killed Yuan Shang, Yuan Xi and Liaodong Shanyu Su Puwan.
Guo Jia was "deep in calculations and good at things." Cao Cao said: "It's hard to be filial to know." "Lonely". During the Northern Expedition, Guo Jia fell ill and died shortly after returning to the army at the age of 38. Cao Cao was deeply saddened and said to Xun You and others: "All the kings are lonely in their years, but filial piety is the least. The affairs of the world have come to an end, and I hope that the future affairs will belong to them. But he died in middle age, and his fate is also a husband!" He then told the world: "The army sacrificed wine to Guo Jia, and it has been ten years since the expedition. Whenever there is a big discussion, make changes in the face of the enemy. The minister's policy is undecided, but it will be carried out quickly. To pacify the world, seeking merit is the highest priority. Unfortunately, his life was short and his career was unfinished. In memory of Jiaxun, it is truly unforgettable. It can increase the number of 800 households in the city and add the previous 1,000 households." So he named Guo Jia the posthumous title of Zhenhou, and his son Guo Yisi.
Later, Cao Cao was defeated in the Battle of Chibi and sighed: " "Guo Fengxiao is here, so I won't let him end up here alone." At first, Chen Qun blamed Guo Jia for not being disciplined and accused Guo Jia many times in court, but Guo Jia looked calm. Cao Cao then used Guo Jia more seriously, and Chen Qun could uphold integrity, and Cao Cao also I'm happy.
As a counselor, Guo Jia made great contributions to Cao Cao's unification of northern China. History books call him a "wonderful man in the world" and a "ghost genius". It is a pity that Guo Jiaying was young. It is a pity that he passed away without any hesitation in his ambition.
The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms says: Cheng Yu, Guo Jia, Dong Zhao, Liu Ye, and Jiang Jicai were the most talented people in the world. , and the plan is based on his ethics.
Historical Chronology
Guo Jia was born in Yangzhai, Yingchuan, and served Yuan Shao in his early years, but he saw that Yuan Shao had many problems. There are few important people, he is fond of planning but not making decisions, he accepts talents but does not know how to use them, and it is difficult for him to help the world and establish the cause of overlord, so he left.
Guo Jia [196] Cao Cao in Romance of the Three Kingdoms 11. The capable counselor Xi Zhicai died and asked for talents from Xun Yu, who came to Guo Jia. Cao Cao summoned Guo Jia to discuss the world's major events and said with great joy: "He is the one who can help me achieve my great cause!" "Guo Jia was also pleased: "He is someone I really deserve to help. ", so he became an official. He was appointed as the commander of the Air Force to offer wine.
[197] Cao Cao was defeated in the attack on Zhang Xiuxin, and Yuan Shao and Xin were humiliated. Cao Cao asked Xun Yu and Guo Jia about the situation in the north. Guo Jia, who had just arrived, Guo Jia made a detailed and three-dimensional analysis of the situation between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, put forward the famous theory of ten victories and ten defeats, and persuaded Cao Cao to attack Lu Bu. Guo Jia's analysis was smooth and persuasive, which not only revived the fighting spirit of Cao Cao's soldiers, but also inspired him. He helped Cao Cao formulate long-term and short-term combat goals, thus officially putting himself into the core of Cao Cao's military think tank.
[198] Lu Bu defeated Liu Bei and Cao Cao's reinforcements and absorbed some of the Taishan bandits. With the strength growing, Cao Cao shifted his strategic focus to the eastern front and launched an offensive against Lu Bu. After the early setback, the battle lasted for more than half a year, but Cao Cao saw that his soldiers were tired and ready to give up. . Guo Jia used Xiang Yu as an example to admonish Cao Cao, arguing that those who are brave and unintelligent will soon be defeated if their energy is exhausted. Cao Cao persuaded Cao Cao to follow the advice and captured Lu Bu in one go.
[199] Cao Cao sent Liu Bei and Zhu Ling to join forces with Yuan Shu. Guo Jia saw through Liu Bei's wolfish ambition, and remonstrated with Cheng Yu and Dong Zhao: "Liu Bei cannot be condemned! "Cao Cao regretted his words and sent people to chase Liu Bei back, but it was too late. Later Liu Bei actually killed the chariots and rebelled, and joined the East China Sea pirates to gather tens of thousands of people to join forces with Yuan Shao. (For this section, please refer to "Fu Zi" "" and "Zizhi Tongjian" have no relevant records, only the notes with Pei, but there are completely opposite records in "Book of Wei", saying that someone advised Cao Cao to kill Liu Bei, and Guo Jia advised Cao Cao not to kill him for one harm. It hurt the hearts of all the soldiers, and Cao Cao laughed and responded.
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[200] Cao Cao condemned his generals to attack Liu Bei, but failed, so he wanted to punish himself. All the generals were afraid of Yuan Shao's surprise attack on the rear and tried to dissuade Cao Cao. Cao Cao was undecided and asked Guo Jia for advice. Guo Jia said: "Yuan Shao's character is slow and suspicious, and even if he wants to make a sneak attack, he will not be very quick. But Liu Bei's forces have just gathered, and everyone is not convinced. If he implements a blitzkrieg, he will definitely win." So Cao Cao marched eastward and defeated Liu Bei. He obtained his wife, captured Guan Yu, and then defeated the East China Sea pirates who had joined forces with Liu Bei.
The Little Overlord of Jiangdong had just achieved hegemony in Jiangdong. At that time, Cao Cao and Yuan Shao were confronting each other in Guandu, and they planned to plot the Central Plains. Cao Jun was very frightened when he heard the news. Only Guo Jia said: "Sun Ce just annexed Jiangdong, and those he killed were all heroes who were popular among the people. Sun Ce himself was careless and unprepared. Although there were millions of people Although there are many people, it is still as easy to deal with as a single person. If there is an assassin, it can only be done by the courage of one person. I think he will definitely die at the hands of a common man." (Dong Zhuo and Cao Cao have been assassinated before.) Sure enough, Sun Ce. He died in the assassination of Xu Gong's family that year, and his plan to advance north was ruined in his infancy.
[203] Yuan Shao died, Yuan Shang and Yuan Tan were driven back to Liyang. The generals wanted to take advantage of the victory to defeat the two Yuan forces. Guo Jia said to Cao Cao that Tan Shang had always been dissatisfied with each other, and there was Guo Tu. Whenever an adviser like Ji was interfering with them, they would definitely turn against each other. It is better to attack Liu Biao in the south first, wait for it to change, and then attack it, which can be determined in one fell swoop. Cao Cao agreed very much, so he marched south. When the army reached Xiping, Tan Shang changed his mind and Yuan Tan was defeated and fled to the plain. Cao Cao easily defeated Yuan Shang and Yuan Tan respectively.
In that year, Guo Jia was granted the title of Marquis of Weiyang Ting.
[205] Guo Jia suggested that Cao Cao recruit more prominent figures from the four states of Qing, Ji, You, and Bing to win over the people and completely consolidate the current control and resistance. Cao Cao adopted his advice and even re-employed Chen Lin, who had slandered him. As expected, it had the effect of buying gold and silver.
[207] Yuan Shang fled into Wuhuan. All the generals said: "Yuan Shang is like a lost dog. The greedy and unjust people outside the pass will not support them. If there is another expedition, Liu Bei will definitely provoke Liu Biao to attack Xuchang. What if something changes?" Guo Jiajin said: "The Hu people are remote and must be unprepared now. A sudden attack will definitely destroy them. Yuan Shao is kind to the Hu people. If Yuan Shang is still alive, sooner or later it will be a hidden danger. Now that the four states are not stable, the Yuan family's influence is still very great. At this time of the Southern Expedition, if the barbarians move, the old ministers will respond, and the people and barbarians will move, the rear will become unstable. Liu Biao is a politician who only knows how to sit around and talk. He knows that he is not capable of controlling Liu Bei, so he will definitely be on guard against him. Use it. Although it is an expedition to the virtual country, there will be no future troubles once and for all." Cao Cao followed Guo Jia's suggestion and immediately marched into Liaodong.
When they arrived at Yicheng, Guo Jia felt that the speed of advancement was still too slow, and said: "Soldiers need speed. Now, on a thousand-mile expedition, there is too much baggage and the progress is slow. If the opponent notices it, we must take precautions." It is better to leave the baggage and advance quickly with light troops to attack them unprepared." Cao Cao then asked Tian Chou, who was familiar with the geography of Liaodong, to make a surprise attack on Liucheng and defeat the enemy who rushed to fight. This battle has also become a classic example of victory in the history of Chinese wars with superior military strength, speed and surprise, and has far-reaching influence.
On the way back from Liucheng, perhaps because of the unsuitable climate, harsh climate, and overwork in rushing day and night, Guo Jia died of illness, and a generation of stars fell. Cao Cao was so sad that he lost his voice. He expressed his filial piety by increasing the number of 800 households in the city and giving him the posthumous title Zhenhou. He also said to Xun Yu and others, "You are all about the same age as me, and only Fengxiao is the youngest. When everything in the world is over, I will still take control of Xun Yu and others." The funeral was entrusted to him, but he died in his prime. Is this his fate?"
[208] Cao Cao was defeated in Chibi and sighed: "If Feng Xiao was here, he would not be alone here. !”, and said: “What a pity for filial piety! What a pity for filial piety!”
[Edit this paragraph] Guo Jia’s analysis of Cao Cao’s “Ten Victories”:
< p>The first is "Dao Sheng". As a warlord of an aristocratic family, Yuan Shao had many and complicated rituals, which were restricted by his formality; Cao Cao "allowed nature to be natural", adapted to the circumstances of the times and events, and was superior in "Tao".The second is "righteous victory". Cao Cao's "obedience to lead the world" followed the trend of history and was moral.
The third is "control and victory".
Guo Jia analyzed history and reality from a statesman's perspective and believed that the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty was caused by the rulers' failure to be lenient in their governance, and Yuan Shao used lenient to give lenient, so he could not control his subordinates; Cao Cao "rectified the situation with violence and the superiors and subordinates knew how to control it." , the management measures of combining leniency and severity are in line with the times.
The fourth is "Success". Yuan Shao was generous on the outside but suspicious in his heart, and appointed only relatives and children; Cao Cao "employed people only according to their talents, regardless of distance", and was better than Yuan Shao in terms of magnanimity and magnanimity.
The fifth is "seeking victory". Yuan Shao was helpless and indecisive; Cao Cao was alert and courageous, with "endless adaptability".
The sixth is "Victory". Yuan Shaogu was famous and liked to be praised. "The kind words of scholars are mostly appreciated by others." Cao Cao treated scholars with sincerity. He "did not seek false beauty," he emphasized practicality, promised rewards and punishments, and "will not be stingy with those who have merit." Those loyal, far-sighted and pragmatic scholars "are all willing to be used."
The seventh is "Ren wins". Yuan Shaohuai's benevolence as a woman showed sympathy when seeing people hungry, but "concerned about things that he could not see". This is not the ambition of politicians. Cao Cao may be careless about the small things in front of him, but when it comes to the big things in the world, he "thinks about everything, and there is no help", and his kindness extends to all corners of the world.
The eighth is "Mingsheng". Yuan Shao was confused by the slander, but Cao Cao clearly distinguished between right and wrong.
The ninth is "Wen Sheng". Yuan Shao did not distinguish between right and wrong. Cao Cao "advanced with etiquette" for the correct ones, and "rectified them with the law" for the incorrect ones.
The tenth is "Wu Sheng". Yuan Shao's use of troops was "preferring to use false power and not knowing the key points of the troops." Cao Cao used his troops like a god, and his soldiers had something to rely on, and the enemy was afraid of them.
From the current point of view, the ten aspects pointed out by Guo Jia include political measures, policies and laws, organizational lines and each person’s ideological cultivation, magnanimity, character, literary and military strategies. and many other factors, which are the key to the success or failure of your career. Guo Jia summarized these "ten victories" for Cao Cao. It may be a compliment to Cao Cao when he first arrived, or it may be an encouragement and request to Cao Cao. He hopes that he can keep these "ten victories" and complete the great cause of unifying the world, and he himself will also There will be a day to come forward. … Any speculation is meaningless. In any case, Guo Jia's ability to mention these "Ten Victories" shows that he is not only a counselor who can provide advice on situations, but also has a complete set of theories. No wonder Cao Cao was full of praise after hearing this, "This is the person who can make Gu become a great businessman." So he "appeared as the commander of the air force to offer wine."
Just like Xun Yu, Guo Jia always planned for Cao Cao at important moments. For example: Yuan Shao died of illness after the battle in Guandu. Cao Cao took advantage of the victory to attack Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang, and fought for several grams in Liyang (southeast of today's Junxian County, Henan Province). At this time, some people advocated strengthening the offensive and completely eradicating Yuan Jun. Guo Jia advocated delaying the war and waiting for changes. He believed that both Tan and Shang were deeply favored by Yuan Shao, and since Yuan Shao had no heirs during his lifetime, the two brothers' advisers "will definitely fight against each other." If we attack in a hurry, the two brothers will conspire against each other; on the contrary, "slow down and then fight will lead to victory." "It is better to go south to Jingzhou and attack Liu Biao, wait for him to change, then attack him, and attack him in one fell swoop." "Determined." As he said, as soon as Cao Jun took the posture of attacking Liu Biao, the Yuan family began to have internal strife. Cao's army returned and defeated them one by one, and then defeated Jizhou. Guo Jia was also granted the title of Marquis of Weiyang Ting.
In the twelfth year of Jian'an (207), Guo Jia followed Cao Cao to pacify Wuhuan. On the way back to the army, Guo Jia fell seriously ill and died soon after at the age of thirty-eight. Posthumous title Zhenhou.
Cao Cao's table version
Cao Cao's table version 1: The army sacrificed wine to Guo Jia. It has been ten years since the conquest. Whenever there is a big discussion, make changes in the face of the enemy. The minister's policy is undecided, but it will be carried out quickly. To pacify the world, seeking merit is the highest priority. Unfortunately, his life was short and his career was unfinished. In memory of Jiaxun, it is truly unforgettable.
Version 2 of Cao Cao's Table: When a minister hears praises for his loyalty and favors the virtuous, he may not necessarily take them personally, but only for his merits, and for his heirs. Therefore, the grandson uncle of Chu Zong was granted the title of Juezi. Since Cen Peng was gone, he was still a noble and a concubine. Therefore, the army sacrifices wine to Guo Jia, who is loyal, good and gentle, with a strong body and good nature. Every time there is a big discussion, the court is full of speeches, and the handling is carried out, and all strategies are taken. I have been in the army for more than ten years. I have been riding with you, sitting on the same mat. I have captured Lu Bu in the east and Suigu in the west. I have beheaded Yuan Tan. I have defeated the people in Shuo, crossed the dangerous fortress, and swayed Wu Wan. It shocked Liaodong and defeated Yuan Shang. Although the power of heaven is false, it is easy to serve as a subordinate, but when facing the enemy, carry forward the oath and fate, and overcome the death by evil and rebellion, but the merits are actually good. Fang will show that his life will be short and his life will end early. At the top, I mourn for the good ministers for the court, but at the bottom, I hate the loss of Qi Zuo. It is advisable to increase the number of honors and titles, and to integrate thousands of households, to praise the dead for survival, and to encourage others to come.
Ode to Famous Masters
Born as Guo Fengxiao, a hero ranks among the heroes; he has scriptures and history hidden in his belly, and armored soldiers are hidden in his chest.
His fortune was like Fan Li's, his decision-making was like Chen Ping's, but it was a pity that he died first, Liang Dongqing of the Central Plains
Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms·Guo Jia's biography
Guo Jia's courtesy name was Fengxiao, and he was a native of Yangzhai, Yingchuan. At the beginning, I met Yuan Shao in the north and said to Shao's advisers Xin Ping and Guo Tu: "A wise man judges the master, so he can achieve success with every move and achieve fame. Mr. Yuan wanted to imitate Zhou Gong's subordinates, but he didn't know the opportunity to recruit people." There are many tricks and few important points, and there is no solution. If you want to cooperate with the emperor to save the world and determine the cause of overlord, it will be difficult." So he left. First of all, at that time, Yingchuan was a dramatist and a painter, and Taizu was very skilled in it. Die early. Taizu wrote to Xun Yu, saying: "After the death of Zhi Cai, there is nothing to do with anyone who plans things. You and Yinggu have so many extraordinary people, who can succeed them?" Yu Jianjia. Summoned to discuss world affairs. Taizu said: "This is the person who can make Gu become a great businessman." When Jia came out, he also said happily: "He is my true lord." He was the commander of the air force offering wine.
He conquered Lu Bu and defeated him in three battles. Bu retreated and stood firm. At that time, the soldiers were tired and Taizu wanted to lead the army back. Jia said that Taizu was in a hurry to attack them, so he ordered them to attack. The words are in the biography of Xun You.
Sun Ce traveled thousands of miles to the east of the Yangtze River. Hearing that Taizu and Yuan Shao were at odds with each other in Guandu, he planned to cross the river north to attack Xu. The soldiers were all frightened when they heard about it, and the good news said: "When we took the initiative to invade Jiangdong, we killed all heroes and heroes, those who could kill people. However, the strategy was light and unprepared. Even though there were millions of soldiers, it was no different than marching alone in the Central Plains." ．If the assassin lays down, he will die at the hands of a common man if I look at him.
He defeated Yuan Shao and Shao died, then attacked Tan and was still in Liyang, fighting for several grams in a row. The generals wanted to take advantage of the victory and attacked them. Jia said: "Yuan Shao loves these two sons and is not ready to establish them. Guo Tu and Feng Ji are his advisers, so they must hand them over and separate them. If you are in a hurry, hold on to each other, if you are slow, then come back." It is better to go south to Jingzhou and attack Liu Biao, and then attack him when he changes." Taizu said: "Good." It's better to go south. When the army reached Xiping, Tan and Shangguo fought for Jizhou. Tan was defeated by Shang's army, so he went to Bao plain and sent Xinpi to beg for surrender. Taizu also rescued him, so he followed Dingye. Then he attacked Tan in Nanpi and defeated Jizhou. Fengjia Weiyang Tinghou.
Taizu was about to conquer Yuan Shang and the three counties of Wu Wan. The subordinates were very afraid of Liu Biao and sent Liu Bei to attack Xu Yi to attack Taizu. Jia said: "Although the Duke is powerful in the world, Hu relies on his distance and will not be equipped." ．Because he was unprepared, he could be destroyed by a sudden attack. Moreover, Yuan Shao was kind to the people and the barbarians, but the people of the four states were still alive. Because of Karasuma's wealth, he recruited the ministers of his dead lord. When the barbarians moved, the people and barbarians responded, and with the intention of making a living, they became covetous. They were afraid that Qing and Ji were not their own, so they sat and talked with guests. "I know that my talents are not enough to prepare the troops. If I carry out a heavy task, I may not be able to control it. If I take a light task, the preparation will not be used. Even if I go on an expedition in vain, I don't have to worry about it." Taizu went ahead. In the Yi Dynasty, Jia Yan said: "Soldiers are valuable and quick. Today, when attacking people thousands of miles away, there is a lot of baggage, so it is difficult to make a profit. Moreover, when the enemy hears about it, they must be prepared. It is better to leave the baggage and use the light troops to go out to cover up their surprise." Tai Zu Nai secretly came out of Lulong fortress and pointed directly at Shan Yuting. When the captive soldiers heard that Taizu had arrived, they were frightened and joined forces to fight. After a big defeat, Tadun and the famous king were killed. Shang and his brother Xi went to Liaodong.
Jia Shenzhen Tong has a strategy to achieve things. Taizu said: "Only through filial piety can one know the loneliness." At the age of thirty-eight, he returned from Liucheng and became ill. Taizu asked about his illness. When he passed away, he was very sad when he was mourning. He said to Xun You and others: "All the kings are all alone in their old age, but filial piety is the least. Things in the world are so good that I want to do things in the future. But if you die in middle age, your fate will be husband!" The table says: "The army sacrificed wine to Guo Jia. It has been ten years since the conquest. Every time there was a big discussion, the enemy made changes. The ministers' policies were undecided, but they were all accomplished. To pacify the world, they sought great achievements. Unfortunately, they were short-lived and their careers were not done. In the end, we should not forget to recall the honor. We can increase the number of households by 800, and give him the posthumous title of Zhenhou. Zi Yisi.
Later Taizu returned from the expedition to Jingzhou. He encountered an epidemic in Baqiu and burned the boat. He sighed and said: "Guo Fengxiao is here, so he won't be alone here." calm. Taizu paid more and more attention to it, but it was also pleasing to him to be able to hold it upright. Yi was the prince of literature and passed away early. Son Shensi. Deeply dead, the son hunts for heirs.
[Edit this paragraph] Historical evaluation
Cao Cao: "This person must be the one who makes a lonely man a great businessman", "Only filial piety is the only way to know the lonely heart", "Military sacrifices" Jiu Guo Jia has been in the army for ten years. Every time there is a big meeting, the enemy has not decided yet, and he has succeeded in bringing peace to the world. Unfortunately, his life is short, and his career is not over. "It must not be forgotten." "Guo Jia was a loyal and kind-hearted person who was well-organized and well-educated. Every time there was a big discussion, he made a speech in the court, and he took charge of the matter. He was in the army for more than ten years and rode together. Riding, sitting on a large mat, he captured Lu Bu in the east, Sui Gu in the west, beheaded Yuan Tan, pacified Shuo Tu's people, crossed the dangerous fortress, swayed Wu Wan, shocked Liaodong, and defeated Yuan Shang.
Although the power of heaven is false, it is easy to serve as a subordinate, but when facing the enemy, carry forward the oath, and overcome the evil and rebellion, and the merits are actually good. Fang will show that his life will be short and his life will end early. At the top, I mourn for the good ministers for the court, but at the bottom, I hate the loss of Qi Zuo. It is appropriate to increase the number of honors and titles, and to integrate thousands of households, to praise the dead for survival, and to encourage others to come. "
"Fu Zi": "Jia Shao has far-sightedness. "
"Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei 14": "Guo Jiacai's strategies and strategies are a strange man in the world. Although he has good governance in the Qing Dynasty, he is different from Xun You, and it is his ethics to plan and predict. ”
Nurture your body, build your ambition, strengthen your ambition, Yingchuan is a talented person, accompany Sangtian Ling, lie down with an inkstone, know the past and present, be arrogant and write to depict loyalty and traitor
Scheme to explain Yuan Cao’s ten victories and defeats, look at Liaodong leisurely How can a deserted grave accept a great man and spare time to praise the secrets of history?
He was born with Guo Fengxiao, a hero who holds the scriptures and history in his belly, and the hidden armor in his chest is like Fan Li, and his decision-making is like Chen Ping. Unfortunately, he died first in the Central Plains. The pillars and beams are as good as the sky, and the young man is the best in learning.
Cao Gong knows the true beams and pillars, and he still thinks of Guo Jia when he is out of trouble.
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