Introduction to Shaanxi scenic spots "Xi 'an Yanta District, Big Jionji and Big Wild Goose Pagoda"
It is 4 kilometers south of Heping Gate in Yanta District, Xi 'an. There are Jionji and Wild Goose Pagoda in the Tang Dynasty. The Wild Goose Pagoda is located in the Great Jionji, which was called Ci 'en Temple Pagoda in ancient times.
The Great Jionji was originally a seamless temple in Sui Dynasty, located in Jinchang Square in Chang 'an City of Tang Dynasty. In the 22nd year of Li Shimin Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (648), when Li Zhi of Tang Gaozong was a prince, it was built by his mother Changsun Shi, the Queen of Wende, and was named after "Cien". When it was first built, it was very large in scale. The temple was a complex building with 13 courtyards, with a total of 1,897 monasteries. Famous painters such as Yan Liben, Wu Daozi, monk Wei Chi-yi and Yilin painted a large number of murals, which made the temple extremely luxurious and magnificent.
Xuanzang, a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty, translated Buddhist scriptures in the Buddhist temple for 11 years, and translated the Sanskrit he retrieved from India into 74 Chinese-style Buddhist scriptures, with a total of 1335 volumes. He founded the study of knowing only by law here, which became a major part of Buddhism in China, namely, the Sect of Knowing Only, also known as the Sect of Faxiangzong, and was founded in Jionji, commonly known as the Sect of Ci 'en.
With the decline of the Tang Dynasty, Jionji was also decadent. In 1164, the temple in Dading, Wan Yan Yong, Jin Shizong was burned by soldiers. At present, the buildings in Jionji, including the mountain gate, bell tower, drum tower, main hall, lecture hall and annex rooms, were rebuilt in the second year of Tianshun in Zhu Qizhen, Ming Xianzong (1458) to the second year of Chenghua in Zhu Jianshen, Ming Xianzong (1466), and were also repaired in the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the scale of Jionji now is mostly the buildings left by the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are no Tibetan scriptures in the temple, only the statues of the Giant Buddha and eighteen Luo and the multi-frame portraits of gold painting and color painting in Ming Dynasty, which are quite valuable. Around the courtyard, there are luxuriant forests and bamboo trees, flowers and trees in all seasons, and the garden is cultivated. The environment is beautiful, elegant and quiet, and Chinese and foreign tourists are jostling with each other. Now, the North Square, South Square and East Square have been built, the bronze statue of Master Xuanzang has been added in the South Square, and the largest musical fountain in Asia has been built in the North Square, which has added a lot of color to the Big Wild Goose Pagoda.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda was built in Tang Gaozong to store Buddhist scriptures and Buddha statues brought back by Xuanzang from India. It was built in the third year of Emperor Gaozong Yonghui (652). At first, it was only five stories high, with a brick heart and a brick table, imitating the form of blocking the old woman in the western regions (called Pagoda in Sanskrit), and its real name was Ci 'en Temple Pagoda. According to the "Tianzhu Ji", Galand, the Buddha of, is a state-owned Buddha, with a five-story tower made of rocks and a goose-shaped lower layer, which is called the Wild Goose Pagoda. Xuanzang, a Tang priest, visited the Western Regions and once saw this pagoda, so he named it Wild Goose Pagoda. According to the third book of the Biography of Master Sanzang in Jionji, there was a temple monk in the state of Mojietuo. One day, a flock of wild geese flew by, and suddenly a wild goose left the community feather and fell to the ground. The monk was amazed, thinking that the wild goose was a bodhisattva, and everyone discussed burying the wild goose to build a tower to commemorate it, hence the name Wild Goose Pagoda.
According to Zhang Licheng's Records of the South of the City, "In the third year of Yonghui, Shaman Xuanzang erected a tower, with only five floors at the beginning, and the brick surface covered the heart, which helped the western regions to block the old woman. Chang' an (the year number of Wu Zhao, the Emperor of Zetian in Wu Zhou, 71-74) was destroyed, and Wu Hou and the princes paid money to rebuild it to the 1th floor, which was the flying geese tower. " According to "A General Examination of Continued Documents", "The base is 14 feet on each side, imitating the system of the Western Regions, with five levels, which are exposed in turn, and the height is 18 feet. They are all buried in the center of each layer, and there are no less than ten thousand relics. The upper layer takes stone as the room, and the monument carries the Preface to the Sanzang Holy Religion, which is made by two saints (referring to Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong and Li Zhi of Tang Gaozong). These two monuments are embedded on both sides of the south gate on the first floor of Yanta. One is "Preface Monument of the Sanzang in Datang", which was written by Li Shimin. One is "The Preface of Sanzang's Holy Religion", which was written for Prince Li Zhi at that time. All of them were calligraphers of the Tang Dynasty, Chu Suiliang's calligraphy, with beautiful handwriting, carved tablets on the forehead, sides and pedestal, creeping weed patterns, dancing music between heaven and man and other decorative patterns. These are precious works of art.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda was destroyed during the Chang 'an period of the Tang and Wu Dynasties. After it was built into a 1-story building with the financing of Wu Shi and Wang Gong, it was destroyed by fire. After the Five Dynasties, when Ming Emperor of the Tang Dynasty ruled Changxing, Li Siyuan (93-933), Xijing stayed in Anchongba. When it was rebuilt, it was changed into a 7-story, 64-meter-high pavilion-style brick tower, which preserved its present appearance and became a typical building of the pavilion-style brick tower in China. At present, the tower is a square pyramid, each side of the bottom floor is 25 meters long, with an area of 625 square meters. The shape is simple and the proportion is moderate. The tower uses the overlapping method, and the brick-like wooden structure is used to build hidden beams, arches and columns, which is quite national. The west gate lintel at the bottom of the tower is engraved with a picture of Sakyamuni, which is particularly wonderful; There are other statues of Buddha, Buddha Hall, Bodhisattva and Heavenly King. Although all these stone carvings have religious superstitions, they are vivid and beautiful in shape, and the lines are smooth and powerful, especially the lines carved in the temples are more precious. They are rare patterns for studying Tang Dynasty architecture and important materials for studying the art of calligraphy, painting and sculpture in the Tang Dynasty.
Since the Tang Dynasty, the title of the Wild Goose Pagoda, which flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, has been carried out here, and new subjects have been recruited, and all those who entered the middle school have been published as examples of the Tang Dynasty. This is the title of the Wild Goose Pagoda. The existing title of stele is Baitong, which belongs to the Ming and Qing dynasties.
in the Ming dynasty, the tower was damaged, and it was protected by building bricks on its exterior, that is, today's tower, the height of the tower body is 59.9 meters, the height of the tower foundation is 4.2 meters, the base is 45.9 meters from east to west and 48.8 meters from north to south. Tarnum is the old road of Qujiang in the Tang Dynasty, with an original stone bridge, first named Yu Xianqiao, and later renamed Cihang Bridge, which means "Cihang Pudu" in Buddhism.
After liberation, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda and the Great Jionji were repaired many times in 1954, 1956 and 1965. The ancient pagodas and temples in the Millennium changed their old appearance into a new one. Although they were new, they were repaired as before without losing their original appearance. At the gate, two stone lions, more than two meters high, stood guard, with the inscription "Big Jionji" and the couplets of the doors: "its seven stories cut the grey clouds, climbing, we seem to have left the world behind us; Only know how to shine the Chinese master Mahayana. " Nowadays, tourists at home and abroad, visitors to temples and towers are in an endless stream. Every year, on the 14th, 15th and 16th day of the first lunar month, Jionji and Wild Goose Pagoda follow the temple fair of the ancient Shangyuan Festival, and those who enter the temple to burn incense and those who go to the tower to watch the scenery jostle each other, becoming famous cultural relics and scenic spots in the ancient capital of Chang 'an.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a national key cultural relic protection unit.
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda is one of the national 4A-level tourist attractions.