1. The period of studying and traveling (712-746, before the age of 35):
Du Fu lost his mother when he was young, and he was fostered in Renfengli, Jianchunmen, Luoyang, the eastern capital. Second aunt's house. His second aunt was very kind to him, but both Du Fu and her second aunt's children fell ill. Her second aunt ended up giving up her son to save Du Fu's life. So Du Fu wrote an epitaph for his second aunt after his death, calling her "Yi Gu Tang".
Before the age of 20, Du Fu mainly studied at home. He began to study poetry when he was 7 years old. When he was 15 years old, his poetry attracted the attention of celebrities in Luoyang. In his poem "Zhuang You", he wrote: "Thoughts at the age of seven are strong, and the mouth chants the phoenix. At the age of nine, there are big characters written in a bag." He also said: "In the past fourteen or five years, I went in and out of the calligraphy and ink field. The elegant Cui Wei Disciple, I am like Bunyan. "Du Fu studied very hard. He once said that "he has read thousands of volumes, and his writing is like a spirit." "Twenty-two Rhymes from Wei Zuocheng."
2. The period of being trapped in Chang'an (746-755, 35-44 years old):
In the fifth year of Tianbao (746), Du Fu cherished the idea of ??"delivering to the kings, Yao and Shun, and then making customs pure." "Political ideals" came to the capital Chang'an, but what greeted him was the cold reality. At that time, Li Linfu controlled the government, rejected dissidents, and was jealous of talents. In the sixth year of Tianbao (747), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty issued an edict requiring anyone with talents to take the examination (Zhiju Examination), and Du Fu also took part in the examination.
Unexpectedly, due to Li Linfu's manipulation of the exam, no one was admitted. Li Linfu also sent a letter to the emperor to congratulate "the wild and talented people". This was another setback Du Fu encountered in his official career. He also began to have financial difficulties at this time. In order to find a way out, he had to submit poems to dignitaries several times for recommendation.
In the first month of the tenth year of Tianbao (751), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty held three grand ceremonies to worship "Emperor Xuanyuan" Laozi, the Ancestral Temple, and Heaven and Earth. Du Fu wrote three "Da Li Fu" contributions, which were praised by Xuanzong. He ordered the prime minister to examine his articles and wait for distribution, but there was no follow-up. At this time, his father passed away, his financial resources were completely cut off, and his life was very difficult.
Zhongnan Mountain is relatively close to Chang'an. Du Fu often went to Zhongnan Mountain to collect herbs, process them and sell them to make a living. Sometimes he would join the ranks of hungry people, queuing up to buy grain sold by the government at low prices. "In the morning, I will keep the rich man's door, and in the evening, I will follow the fat horse dust. The broken cup and the cold food will lurk sadness everywhere." ("Twenty-Two Rhymes Presented to Wei Zuocheng") Sometimes he would go to relatives' houses to make meals. "I ride on a donkey in the ordinary day, and I don't know who I am suitable for." You can imagine how difficult life is. In a life of hunger and cold, Du Fu's thoughts and feelings gradually moved closer to the people. During this period, he wrote his first masterpiece that appealed to the people - "The Troops and Chariots", and also wrote "Beauty" which exposed the debauched and hedonistic life of Yang Guozhong's brother and sister. OK".
3. The period of being a traitor and serving as an official (756-759, 45-48 years old):
When Du Fu was visiting his family at home in Fengxian County, the Anshi Rebellion broke out. They drove southward and soon captured Luoyang. In the first month of Tianbao's fifteenth year (756), An Lushan claimed to be Emperor of Dayan in Luoyang. In February of this year, Du Fu returned to Chang'an from Fengxian County. Due to the serious enemy situation, in May of this year, he left Chang'an again and brought his wife and children from Fengxian County to Baishui (today's Baishui County, Shaanxi Province).
Soon, Tongguan fell and Baishui fell. So, in the chaos of war, Du Fu took his family to flee north again. He walked in the ranks of refugees, ate wild fruits to satisfy his hunger, and tasted all the food that the refugees had. All the pain suffered. Later, he heard that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled to Western Shu and Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu (now southwest of Yongning County, Ningxia), so he settled his family in Qiang Village, thirty miles northwest of Yanzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province), and became single. He went north to join Emperor Suzong Li Heng of Tang Dynasty who had just ascended the throne in Lingwu.
However, halfway through, he was unfortunately intercepted by the Anshi rebels and sent to Chang'an after its fall. Chang'an reappears in the eyes of the poet. After the massacre and looting by the Anshi rebels, the tragic scene of the destruction of the country and the destruction of the family is everywhere. This period was the climax of Du Fu's creation. His main poems include "Sorrow for Chen Tao", "Sorrow for Qingban", "Ai Jiangtou", "Spring Look", "Moonlight Night", "Three Poems of Qiang Village", "Northern Expedition", "Three Officials and Three Farewells", etc. Famous Psalms.
4. The period of wandering in the southwest (760-770, 49-59 years old):
After the beginning of autumn in the second year of Qianyuan (759), Du Fu stayed in Huazhou for more than a year. Due to the famine in the Guanzhong area and his political despair, he resigned from his position as Sigong of Huazhou and joined the army. He first stayed in Qinzhou (today's Tianshui City, Gansu Province) for three months, then entered Shu from Long, and came to Chengdu at the end of the second year of Qianyuan.
He has been in Chengdu for more than five years. His main poems include "Seven Quatrains Walking Alone by the River Looking for Flowers", "Joyful Rain on a Spring Night", "The Prime Minister of Shu", "Song of Thatched Cottage Broken by the Autumn Wind", "The Play for "Six Quatrains", "Wen Guanjun Takes Henan and Hebei" (composed in Zizhou), "Climbing the Tower", "Danqing Yin", etc.
Extended information:
Du Fu (712-770), courtesy name Zimei, was born in Nanyaowan Village, Gong County, Henan Province. His family is a bureaucratic landlord family that has been "confucian and official" for generations. His 13th ancestor, Du Yu, was a famous general in the Western Jin Dynasty. He was also proficient in "Zuo Zhuan" and authored "Collected and Interpreted Zuo Family Classics in the Spring and Autumn Period". Du Fu was often proud of Du Yu's martial arts skills. Because Du Yu was from Duling, Jingzhao (southeast of today's Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), Du Fu often called himself "Duling Commoner", which refers to his county rank.
And because he once lived near Shaoling in the south of the city when he was in Chang'an, he also called himself "Shaoling Ye Lao". Du Fu's 10th generation ancestor was named Du Xun, and he moved to Xiangyang in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Therefore, Du Fu's ancestral home was Xiangyang (today's Xiangfan City, Hubei Province), and he once called himself "Xiangyang Du Fu". Because he once lived in Shaoling in the south of Chang'an City, he called himself "Shaoling Ye Lao". Later, he was recommended by Yan Wu as a counselor of Jiedu in Chengdu and a member of the Ministry of Inspection and Engineering; later generations called him Du Shaoling, Du Gongbu. His poems profoundly reflect social reality, so they are called "the history of poetry", and he is also called the "Sage of Poetry".