Academy is a unique educational institution in feudal society of China. It occupies an important and unique position in the history of ancient education in China and has a decisive influence. Songyang Academy is one of the four major academies in China. It is in a leading position academically and plays an important educational role in spreading China traditional culture and cultivating talents.
historically, Songyang academy is famous for its neo-Confucianism, rich cultural heritage and unique cultural relics. Songshan area has been an important area of Confucian activities since ancient times. There are Songyang Academy, Yinggu Academy, Shao Shi Academy, Chengnan Academy and Cungu Academy, among which Songyang Academy is the most prominent. "Beijing is the most clear in the academy, and the stone still remembers the name of the Forbidden City. The sound of the mountain stream is like rain, and the fragrance of chrysanthemum and bamboo is like the new sun. When I first came here, I couldn't say goodbye. China people sometimes succeed in saying goodbye in the shadow of Bai Han. "
ethnic origin
Songyang academy was once a gathering place of Buddhism and Taoism in history, but it is the place where Confucianism has been circulated for the longest time and is most famous. Songyang Academy was founded in the eighth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty. It is called Songyang Temple, which is a place for Buddhist activities. The monks waited for hundreds of people.
The Sui Dynasty was renamed Songyang Temple, which became a place for Taoist activities.
in the first year of Tang Hongdao, when Li Zhiyou visited Songshan Mountain, he named the palace "Fengtian Palace".
Two weeks in the Five Dynasties was changed to Taiyi College.
Song Jingyiu was named Songyang Academy in 135, and it has been two years since then. It is a place where celebrities teach classics.
in the early song dynasty, the world was peaceful and the style of writing prevailed. After the Five Dynasties Rebellion, Confucian scholars liked to find a secluded place to give lectures in the mountains. Dengfeng is the place where Yao, Shun and Yu once lived. According to records, 24 people, including Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Zhu, Li Gang and Fan Chunren, gave lectures in Songyang Academy. Sima Guang's masterpiece Zi Zhi Tong Jian, volumes 9 to 21, was completed in Songyang Academy and Chongfu Palace. Cheng Yi and Hao Cheng, known as the "second trip", have been giving lectures at Songyang Academy for more than ten years. JD.COM, a famous Confucian scholar, studied in Songyang Academy. After passing the imperial examination, he served as an examiner for nine times. Since then, Songyang Academy has become one of the most influential academies in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Songyang Academy is one of the birthplaces of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Sima Guang and Fan Zhongyan, founders of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty, all gave lectures in Songyang Academy, and some of Sima Guang's representative works "Children's Pass" were written in Songyang Academy. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the academy was destroyed by soldiers' gunfire. It experienced the reconstruction and construction of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. In its heyday, the academy covered an area of more than 1,75 mu, with hundreds of students and more than 2, books, such as Zhu Ziquan's Books, Li Xing Jingyi, and Four Books on Japanese Speaking. In the late Qing Dynasty, the imperial examination system was abolished and schools were established. After more than 1 years of college education, I finally completed the imperial examination. However, as a bright pearl in the history of ancient education in China, the Academy will go down in history forever. In the year of Xin Mao, Kangxi, the whole province chose candidates in Kaifeng, but each county could not choose one. Only five candidates were selected in Dengfeng. On October 1st, 15th year of Gan Long, Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty wrote a hymn when he visited Songyang Academy.
Songyang Academy has undergone several generations of expansion and renovation. The architectural layout of the academy maintained the style before the Qing Dynasty. There are more than 5 halls and corridors, consisting of five courtyards. There are Pantheon, Pantheon, Sanxian Hall, Lizetang, Library, Taoist Temple, Boyue Building, Wenjing Building, Sanyizhai and other buildings. The first is the Pantheon, which is dedicated to ancestors and sages related to the college, followed by the lecture hall, the Pantheon behind the lecture hall, and finally the library. The houses on both sides were originally "Zhu Cheng Temple", study, study and so on. Inscriptions by scholars of past dynasties are embedded in the walls of the gallery in the hospital, and the content and calligraphy have their own characteristics. On the west side of the courtyard, there are some buildings in the teaching examination room of Songyang Academy in Qing Dynasty.
In September p>1936, before his 5th birthday, Chiang Kai-shek visited Songshan Mountain accompanied by Shang Zhen, Zhang Jingyu and Qian Dajun. When I visited Songyang College, I saw the surrounding mountains and quiet environment, but the nearby Shan Ye was short of water supply. Zhang Jingyu, director of the Construction Department of Henan Province, immediately instructed to drill a 1-meter-deep well in Songyang Academy, named Jianggong Well. This is the first complete deep well in Songshan.
in p>1961, the people's Republic of China and the State Council listed it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
On December 5th, 26, the ancient buildings of Songshan, including Songyang Academy, were listed in the China World Cultural Heritage Protection List by National Cultural Heritage Administration, becoming the only independent project in Henan Province.
In p>29, the old Songyang Academy was renovated, and the Songyang Academy of Zhengzhou University was established, making new contributions to the inheritance of Chinese excellent culture.
On March 9th, 21, Songshan Historic Complex became the only World Cultural Heritage application project in China, and was confirmed by the State Council in 21. On August 1st, 21, Songyang Academy, as a sub-project of "Dengfeng Tiandi Historical Building", was officially listed on the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO.
main scenic spots
Datang Monument
This is the so-called "Song Shengying North of Shengde, the Guanji of Songyang in Tang Dynasty". Tang Tianbao was carved three years ago. The stone tablet is 9.2 meters high, 2.4 meters wide and 1.5 meters thick. The stone tablet is magnificent and beautifully carved. The inscription reads 178 words. The main content tells the story of Sun Taichong, a Taoist priest from Song Yangguan, who went to Li Longji for alchemy nine times. At eight o'clock, Li wrote an article
Three Generals
There used to be three cypress trees in Songyang Academy. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wudi visited Song Yue and saw cypress trees towering, which were called "General", "Second General" and "Third General".
Ordinary cypress is 12m high and 5.4m thick. The body of this tree is inclined and its crown is thick. Like a parasol. The second ordinary cypress is 18.2 meters high and 12.54 meters thick. Although it has mottled bark and is very old, it is full of vitality and tall and straight branches. The lower part of the trunk is a hole connecting the north and the south, just like a door. This hole can hold five or six people. Two huge branches bent like wings stretch from one side to the other, shaped like an eagle spreading its wings and a golden rooster trying to fly. Every time the mountain wind blows, the branches and leaves vibrate like bells, and you can still hear the sound of silk and bamboo. Three generals cypress was destroyed in the late Ming Dynasty.
The age of General Cypress has always been a mysterious topic. This tree has a history of more than 2 years since it was sealed. Zhao Puchu, an old teacher, left a hymn of "There is a white boat in Songyang, and the world stretches for three thousand years". According to forestry experts, the common cypress is primitive cypress, which is 45 years old. This is the oldest and largest cypress tree in China.
Stone Carving
The Stone Carving Map of Dengfeng County of Songyang Academy in Ming Dynasty was carved in the Qiuci period of Wanli. This map describes in detail the distribution of scenic spots and historical sites in Songshan area, as well as the names of mountains, rivers, roads, villages and towns. This is a map of Dengfeng County and a map of Dengfeng cultural relics. Although there are records of places of interest in Dengfeng County, they are all directly described in the form of maps. This is just a stone map of Dengfeng County. This stone map has a clear outline and accurate location. This map shows the whole picture of Dengfeng County and the distribution of cultural relics. The map of stone carvings in Ming Dynasty in Dengfeng County is a precious artistic treasure, and it is also a precious material for studying Dengfeng's geography, cultural relics and history.
college architecture
Songyang Academy has basically maintained the architectural layout of the Qing Dynasty. It is 128 meters long from north to south and 78 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 9984 square meters. The central axis building is divided into five courtyards, namely the gate, the first hall, the lecture hall, the Taoist temple and the library from south to north. Both sides of the central axis are connected by matching houses. There are 18 ancient buildings here, most of which are cylindrical tile houses rolled by hard mountains. They are simple and elegant, elegant but not vulgar. They are completely different from many red walls, green tiles, carved beams and painted buildings in the Central Plains, and have strong local architectural characteristics.
Door couplet:
Fourth, but near the center, there is Taihua Hengheng, which, together with Sisaiguan, is called the Arch God
Nine generations later, it was a city, Baoyi was a canyon, and three storms were mountains.
Second-hand conscious planting
This tree is 19.5 meters high and 4 meters thick. Although the trunk of the tree is rough and there is a hollow external entity in the middle, the crown of Sophora japonica is dense, with shade and new branches. These trees are elegant in appearance, ancient and lasting, and the source of history is not far away. During the abundant years, famous Neo-Confucianists Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi planted many locust trees in Xining, Song Shenzong to decorate the scenery of Songyang Academy.
Yuesongyang Temple Monument
Tian Ping in the Eastern Wei Dynasty was founded in 535. On one side, there are 94 Buddha caves, and on the other side, there is a big Buddha niche with three disciples of one Buddha, two bodhisattvas. The Feier relief on the top of the shrine and the side design of the memorial tablet are very exquisite, which is the most exquisite stone carving in the Central Plains.
Xingtan
In the early Qing Dynasty, Geng Jie, a famous scholar of the Central Committee, presided over the establishment of Songyang Academy. He gave lectures according to the ancient sayings of Confucius and Xing Tang, taking moving the land as an altar. During the lecture, an ancient apricot tree on the altar was introduced to Geng Jie for planting. Today, this stone altar is protected by railings on the platform of Zhouzha to restore its ancient appearance.
Dengfeng County Records Monument
Songyang Academy has more than 7 inscriptions from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.
Wanli Dengfeng county magistrate Chen presided over the engraving. The monument is 1.5 meters high, .86 meters wide and .2 meters thick with a flat roof. The map vividly shows the distribution of cultural relics and historical sites in the 8 th district of Songshan Mountain in Ming Dynasty, and depicts the names of mountains, rivers, roads, townships, towns and four boundaries in Dengfeng County. Although it has a history of more than 4 years, its handwriting and lines are clear. Some people describe it as "looking at this photo can include climbing, lying down and traveling in the mountains."
Dengfeng County Records is engraved with landscape paintings, horizontal lines and bas-reliefs. According to the scientific survey of Surveying and Mapping Department, the ratio is 1: 4,. It is not only the distribution map of Dengfeng cultural relics in Ming Dynasty, but also the geographical location map.