Chinese characters in China are all composed of basic strokes. Therefore, if you want to write China Chinese characters well, you must first write basic strokes. Yuan Dynasty painter Zhao Meng? \ once said: \ Calligraphy is based on the use of a pen. Qing Kang Youwei also said: "The beauty of calligraphy lies in the pen." In the past, many basic strokes were introduced in hard pen calligraphy textbooks. Based on years of teaching experience, I summed up other teaching methods and sorted out a set of "formula teaching method". The so-called "formula teaching method" requires students to recite formulas while practicing basic strokes, and also allows students to write while reading. Reading and writing speed is the same. In the teaching process, we should pay attention to the basic strokes in the selected example sentences are all learned before. This is from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult, step by step. (You can refer to Basic Stroke of Pen Regular Script at the back of the reference book.)
Practice has proved that this method is effective quickly, students can fully understand and master the use of various basic strokes in a short time, and the written strokes can basically meet the requirements of hard pen calligraphy, and can achieve the effect of drawing inferences from others and achieving mastery. If we can combine other teaching methods in teaching, such as "image teaching method", "drawing auxiliary line teaching method" and "mathematical infiltration method", the effect will be better.
This textbook is taught by formula teaching method.
First, horizontal writing
Among all kinds of basic strokes, horizontal painting is the most widely used. Horizontal plays the role of a beam in one word. In regular script, the quality of horizontal painting is related to the bone strength of words. Especially long horizontal, you must write fluently, powerfully, thickly and flexibly. Don't write lifeless like a stick. There are long horizontal and short horizontal.
1, long level
The long horizontal line is written like this: put pen to paper, from heavy to light, from light to heavy, write to the right, and finally return to the front to collect the pen. When writing a long horizontal line, you can recite the formula: "heavy-light-heavy-back." The long horizontal stroke is the main stroke of each word. Be sure to write carefully.
The long horizontal shape is thick on both sides and thin in the middle, and the middle is slightly bent upwards, which looks like an arch bridge. Tilt slightly upward when writing, with an inclination range of 3-5 degrees. Such as "one".
2, short horizontal
Short horizontal is also called "left sharp horizontal". What it says is: start the pen lightly, from light to heavy, stroke to the right, and finally return to the front to collect the pen. When writing short lines, you should recite the formula: "light-heavy-back and front."
The shape of a short cross is pointed on the left and round on the right. The strokes are flat but not curved, slightly off-center, such as "two, three". Note that short lines sometimes need to be written longer.
Second, vertical writing.
Vertical painting often plays a key role in supporting a word, so it must be written straight and forcefully. The vertical pole is not straight, and the words are not straight. There are three kinds of verticality, that is, tip verticality, hanging needle verticality and short verticality.
1, sharp and vertical
The top writing method is: start the pen lightly, from light to heavy, write down, and finally return to the front to collect the pen. Dictate the formula: "light-heavy-back front".
The shape of the upper tip is: the upper tip is pointed, the lower edge is round, and sometimes it needs to tilt slightly to the left or right. Such as: "work, king" and other words.
2. Vertical suspension
The way to write vertically is: write down, write down, and return to the front to collect the pen after the pen is in place. Formula: "pen-pen-back". There are many vertical strokes in Chinese characters, so we should practice them carefully.
Hanging upright looks like a drop of water attached to a straw, and it looks like a person standing at attention. His chest and waist stand upright, full of energy and high spirits, and he must not lean left and right, let alone stoop. Such as: "soil, dry" and other words.
3, hanging needle vertical
The writing method is to write down the pen, write down the pen, and gradually pick up the pen for collection after the pen is in place. Formula: "pen-pen-pen". Hanging needles are mostly the main pens, so you should practice them carefully.
The garter needle stands upright like a steel needle, with its apex facing down. When writing, pay attention to the tip of the pen, write sharply and vigorously, and never swing it out at the end. Such as: "ten, abundant" and other words.
4, short vertical
A short vertical pen is basically the same as a vertical pen, except that there is a horizontal brace from the bottom to the end, so the pen can naturally be lifted off the paper. Formula: "pen-pen-pen". Generally speaking, short vertical and vertical vertical can be used universally. Such as: "Shang, Zheng" and other words.
Third, the writing method of skimming
There are many ways to skim. According to the direction, there are flat skimming, oblique skimming (oblique skimming is divided into short skimming and long skimming) and vertical skimming. According to the pen, there are back front, orchid leaf and elbow. In short, the sketch is very decorative. If you can write naturally, it will increase the beauty of words. Let's first introduce the flat, short, long and vertical skimming.
1, flat
Flat-skimming means writing with a pen and then skimming to the left (slightly downward). Flat skimming mostly appears on vertical skimming or vertical hook. Formula: "Pen-omit." Such as: "money, ren" and other words.
Step 2 skim for a short time
The shape of the short stroke is the same as that of the flat stroke with a pen, except that the slope of the potential is changed to the lower left. Short skim is generally on the left side of short cross. Such as: "cattle, health" and so on.
Both the flat pen and the short pen are like birds' mouths to peck, and the pen is fast and powerful, like a sword, clean and neat.
3, left length
Long strokes are written like this: write down, write down to the left, and pick up the pen when it is in place. Formula: "pen-line pen-omit." Give priority to long strokes, and practice them carefully.
Long curly hair is as strong as an elephant's teeth. The stroke angle of long strokes changes with the font. When you write, bend slightly and exert your strength at the end. Such as: "left, middle" and so on.
4. Vertical skimming
The way to write vertically is to write down the pen, write down the pen, and leave it to the lower left after the pen is in place. Formula: "pen-line pen-omit."
The form of vertical skimming is that the upper side is straight, the lower side is bent, the upper side is straight and steep, and the stroke is drawn to two-thirds of the whole width, and then bent to the left. Such as: "well, rise" and other words.
Fourth, the way of writing.
Mention is also called "pick". Write quickly and forcefully, without dragging your feet. In particular, it is necessary to prevent it from being written in a check shape or being weak in bending. Hoisting is divided into two levels, and oblique hoisting is mentioned.
1, flat lift (right refers to horizontal, flat pick)
Flat pick is also called "right sharp cross" or "flat pick" It was written with a pen, and then crossed to the right. Formula: "pen-pick out".
Pindy is shaped like a sharp dagger. Generally speaking, I-shaped, Wang-shaped, earth-lifting and other bottom lifts are all flat lifts. Such as: "address, Shenzhen" and other words.
2. Oblique (oblique)
Oblique lifting is also called "oblique lifting". The writing is basically the same as the flat body, except that it is picked at the upper right, and its shape is like a rhinoceros horn soaring into the sky. Oblique lifting is generally used next to the handle or cow. Such as: "Mu, sacrifice" and other words.
Five, the focus of writing
Regular script has rich and varied points. There are horizontal points, vertical points, horizontal points, vertical points, skimming points and picking points. Although the spots are small in area and different in shape, they are all like human eyes, shining and full of expectations for life. If it can be written well, it is the most vivid. Therefore, the point should be vigorous and powerful, and you can't drag and wipe the pen at will.
1, side point (right point)
The side point is also called "right point". From light to rewrite, the next stroke on the right, the last stroke back. Formula: "light-heavy-back to front."
The shapes of the side points are the tip of the head, the back drum, the tail circle and the abdomen. It's like a broken garlic and an apple core. Among the acupoints, the side acupoints are used most, so we must practice the side acupoints well. Such as "down, fight".
2. Vertical point (left point)
The vertical point is also called the "left point". The handwriting changes from light to heavy, slightly bends to the left, and finally returns to the front to collect the pen. The formula of "light-heavy-back front" The vertical point is often used in the vertical center or beside the treasure head, and sometimes it needs to be tilted to the left or right.
The shape of the vertical point is pointed at the top and rounded at the bottom. Shaped like a drop of water. Such as: "confession, status" and other words.
3. Other points
(1), horizontal dot is actually the abbreviation of short horizontal line, such as "Fei, er".
(2) Apostrophe is the abbreviation of short apostrophe, such as "Ping, Semi".
(3) Vertical point is the abbreviation of short vertical, such as "main and vertical".
(4) Abbreviations for oblique mention, such as "Juice, River", etc.
As long as you master the writing method of the corresponding strokes, the corresponding points can be written well. Therefore, its writing is not repeated here.
Sixth, the writing method of thinking.
The fourth is the main strokes in Chinese characters. Skimming and pressing are like the two wings of a word, and they should cooperate with each other. Hold the angle as sharp and powerful as a knife. The whole painting should have ups and downs. Because the strokes in the words are the main strokes, we should focus on practicing.
1, oblique si
Pick up the pen lightly, from light to heavy, write to the lower right, press it again after the pen is in place, and finally raise the pen to the right to collect it. Formula: "light-heavy press-pull out."
Note that oblique strokes are not full of twists and turns, but slightly curved from top left to bottom right. Hold your feet as firmly and forcefully as standing on the ground. In order to make students master oblique strokes correctly, coins (such as 1 angle, 5 angle, 1 yuan, etc.) can be used. ) do writing exercises. If the written seal is large enough to match the edge of the coin, the seal is written correctly. Such as: "people, big" and other words.
Step 2 bow your head.
Start using the pen slightly heavier, from heavy to light, then from light to heavy, twist and rotate to the lower right, press it again after the pen is in place, and finally lift the pen to the right and put it away. Formula: "Slightly heavy-light-heavy press-pull".
The curved head is shaped like a broadsword, which is sharp and powerful when stretched and opened. Such as: "Jin, Ba" and other words.
3. Flat silicon
The writing method of flat stroke is exactly the same as that of curved stroke, but the stroke direction is different. You should paddle to the right and lean down slightly. At the same time, you should pay attention to the tortuous shape, not straight, but like water waves. Such as: "it, lack" and other words.
4. Si (Dragon)
Anti-si, also known as "long point", is written in the same way as the side point, which can also be said to be longer on the basis of the side point. Such as: "head, no" and other words.
Seven, tick.
Hook painting is written with other strokes. How to combine with other strokes organically is the key to writing a good hook painting. All hooks should be short and sharp, and the shape should be as sharp and powerful as an eagle's beak. If you write too much, it will be weak and the shape will not look good. When writing a hook, you should concentrate on the nib, pause at the nib, and then kick it out like a kick, so that the hook written is full and pointed triangle. Although there are many changes in hooks, the writing is roughly the same, but the direction and length are different. Hook painting is divided into horizontal hook, vertical hook, vertical lift, oblique hook, horizontal hook, curved hook, vertical curved hook and so on.
1, cross hook
Cross hook can be a combination of long cross and hook, or a combination of short cross and hook. Take Changheng as an example: the writing method is to write down the pen, write to the right, pause after the pen is in place, and then tick it out to the left. Formula: "pen-pen-pen-pen-hook".
Cross hooks are commonly used in "Bao Gai". When writing a horizontal hook, the angle of the hook is about 45 degrees, which is exactly the angle of the left diagonal in the word "meter". The direction of the hook points to the center of the word, just like a bird looking at its chest. Such as: "buy, treasure" and other words.
2. Vertical hook (left hook)
Vertical hook is also called "left hook". It says "Write down, write down, pause when the pen is in place, and then tick it out to the upper left". Formula: "pen-pen-pen-pen-hook". Vertical hook is mostly the main pen, write well.
The acute angle of the vertical hook is about 45 degrees. The hook is shaped like an ostrich looking back. Be full and strong, with sharp corners. Such as "inch and talent".
3. Vertical lifting (right hook)
Vertical lifting is also called "right hook". It says "Write down, write down, pause when the pen is in place, and then tick it out to the upper right". Formula: "pen-line pen-pen-pick out".
The writing and form of the vertical lift are exactly the same as those of the vertical hook, except that the hook is to the upper right. Such as: "clothes, length" and other words.
4, oblique hook (hook)
Oblique hook is also called "hook". The writing method is to write a pen, bend it slightly to the lower right, stop when the pen is in place, and finally hook it out. Formula: "pen-pen-pen-pen-hook".
Oblique hooks have prominent strokes in the structure of Chinese characters, and when they are put away, they extend downward to the right, like the "Long Ge" in ancient weapons. In the collocation of Chinese characters, it seems that heroic soldiers are holding long swords and rushing to kill on the battlefield. Therefore, the oblique hook should be written powerfully, powerfully and stretched. When writing, the oblique hook should be slightly bent. The upper part of the word with oblique hook should be to the left, the oblique hook should be long at the lower right and the hook should be to the upper right. Such as: "style, warning" and other words.
5. Cross hook (heart hook)
Lying hook is also called "heart hook". It is written as "light writing", from light to heavy, writing in an arc to the lower right, pausing after writing in place, and finally checking out to the left. Formula: "light-heavy-pen-tick out."
The shape of the hook is like the part of the small bowl we eat from the left to the bottom. When writing, you can write down the pen to the right along the left side of the imaginary small bowl, then translate it to the right, stop at the right side of the bottom of the bowl, and hook it out to the left. Such as: "heart, will" and other words.
6. hook
Hook is also called "hook". It is written with a pen. When writing down, it bends to the right, pauses when the pen is in place, and then hooks to the left. Formula: "pen-pen-pen-pen-hook".
Pay attention to the degree of bending when writing hooks, which varies according to different words. For example, the words "hand and Hu" are slightly curved, and the words "crazy and tapir" are slightly curved.
7. Vertical Hook (Float Goose Hook)
The vertical hook is also called "floating goose hook". Writing: Write down the pen, write down the pen, turn right after the pen is in place, stop at the hook, and finally tick it out. The formula: "stroke-stroke-turn-stroke-tick".
The vertical hook looks like a big goose with a straight chest and a slightly tilted head and neck, floating on the water, so it is also called "floating goose hook". When writing, pay attention to the fact that the vertical part should be slightly tilted to the left, the middle turning point should be smooth, the lower part should be slightly bent downwards horizontally, and the hook tip should be lifted upwards. The top half of the vertical hook should be on the left, and the hook should be on the far right of the word. Such as: "yuan, Mao" and other words.
Eight, fold writing
In the structural collocation of Chinese characters, some basic strokes should be connected with folding pens according to the needs of different collocation directions or potentials to form compound strokes. In other words, the key to duplicate writing is to write overlapping words well. Actually, writing a fold is like practicing stepping on the playground. When turning, stop, turn and go straight. That is to say, when writing a fold, stop writing and go forward after turning the corner. Beginners can write in two strokes, break and continue, or mention and press again. Don't be too heavy, acne-ridden, and don't be too casual. Write off your shoulders. The turning point should be natural, energetic, angular, and reflect the strength of words. Folding paintings mainly include horizontal folding, vertical folding, skimming, horizontal skimming and circular folding.
1, folded horizontally
The horizontal fold consists of horizontal and vertical paintings, like a piece of wood folded over. Transverse folding can be divided into long folding and short folding. The pen can be folded horizontally, with hook or hidden hook (hidden hook is with hook but there is no obvious trend of hook), or it can be folded back to collect the pen.
(1), long fold: In most cases, long fold is short and long, and the fold direction is straight down. The writing method is to write a short horizontal line first, then pause at the turning point, that is, turn straight and hang down, and use a hook or a hidden hook when collecting the pen. Such as: "day, month" and other words.
(2) Short folds: Most short folds are horizontal and short, and the fold direction is inclined to the lower left. The writing is the same as the long fold, but the direction is biased to the lower left. Short folds can be combined with long crosses or short crosses. Such as "mouth, knife" and other words.
Step 2 Fold vertically
Vertical folding is a combination of vertical writing and horizontal writing, just like a human arm bending. The writing method is to write vertically first, sometimes the vertical part needs to be slightly tilted to the left or right, and it should be slightly slower and heavier at the turning point, then turn the pen from left to right and write horizontally, and finally return to the front to collect the pen. Such as: "mountain, area" and other words.
3. foldable
There are three ways to write apostrophes.
(1), skimming and promotion. The writing method is to write a short note first, stop the pen at the folding place, and then pick it to the right. Such as: "cloud, Taiwan" and other words.
(2), left and horizontal composition. The writing method is to write short strokes first, and then turn the pen to the right to write short horizontal strokes, such as "East, Car" and so on.
(3), skimming and smashing prevention. Writing is from heavy to light, then from light to heavy, and writing down to the right. Note: the angle of reverse stroke should be different according to different characters, and the pen should be clear. Such as: "female, mother" and other words.
4. Horizontal skimming
Write horizontally, then write to the left after a pause. Pay attention to be sharp and write it out in strokes. Such as: "have, wisdom" and other words.
5. Circular folds
Circular folding is a special kind of folding. Unlike the folding mentioned above, it is composed of two strokes. There is only one round of folding, and there is no need to rest or pause in the middle. The writing of the round fold is similar to that of the vertical hook, except that the hook does not write upward when the pen is received, but backward when the pen is received. Such as "seven, four" and other words.
Nine, the writing of all kinds of complex strokes
With the writing foundation of basic strokes, it is much easier to practice writing all kinds of complex strokes. Because all complex strokes are changed from various basic stroke combinations.
1, transverse hook (back hook)
Also known as "back hook". Directional left arc potential, such as throwing an object with the back hand. The writing of the first half is the same as that of horizontal folding. The folded vertical painting should be bent to the left, so that the circle at the bend will turn without edges and corners. After the pen reaches the bend, the nib moves to the right and finally hooks out. Such as "nine, several".
2, vertical folding hook
When starting the pen, it is folded vertically, and the vertical pen is slightly tilted to the left. After writing horizontally, fold the vertical hook to the left, the lower vertical pen is still tilted to the left, and finally hook to the left. Such as "horse, and" and so on.
3. Cross-folded oblique hook
Write a horizontal picture first, then turn the pen and fold it down. Write a diagonal hook when folding. When writing with oblique hook, you should hold your chest out and abdomen in, with the hook up and left. Such as: "flying, wind" and other words.
4. Horizontal hook
In fact, it is a combination of horizontal skimming and hook bending. It is often used for ear knives. The horizontal curl should be small and the hook should be strong. Such as: "Zi, Yang" and other words.
5. Staggered folds
There are two ways to write a horizontal fold.
(1), the first one is used next to Jianzi. The writing method is to stop writing when folding, write corners and leave them a little longer. Such as: "Ting, Yan" and other words.
(2) Another way of writing is specially used to write the bottom of walking. The second fold of this horizontal fold is smoother and shorter. Such as: "pass, force" and other words.