Sun Li (1913.4.6-2002.7.11), formerly known as Sun Shuxun, once used the pen name Yunfu, was a native of Sun Yaocheng Village, Anping County, Hebei Province. A famous contemporary novelist, essayist, member of the Communist Party of China, and anti-Japanese veteran, he is known as the founder of the "Lotus Lake School". Began literary creation in 1927. Graduated from Baoding Yude Middle School in 1933 as a graduate student. He started working in 1937 and served as a primary school teacher in Tongkou Town, Anxin County. After 1939, he participated in the Anti-Japanese War. He served as an instructor at the Hebei Anti-Japanese War College, an editor and teacher at the Shanxi-Chahar News Agency, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Daily News Agency, and North China United University. Occupation, teacher at Yan'an Lu Xun College of Arts and Letters, editor of "Pingyuan Magazine". "The Complete Works of Sun Li" is published by the People's Publishing House. The "Sun Li Memorial Hall" is located beside the "Pearl of North China - Baiyangdian" in Anxin County, Hebei Province.
Victor Hugo (1802-1885), poet, novelist, political activist, lover of psychological exploration, leader of the active romantic literary movement in the early 19th century, outstanding figure in the history of French literature bourgeois democratic writer. The dominant ideas throughout his life activities and creations were humanitarianism, opposition to violence, and the use of love to control "evil". His creative period lasted for more than 60 years, and his works include 26 volumes of poetry, 20 volumes of novels, 12 volumes of scripts, and 21 volumes of philosophy. His treatises, totaling 79 volumes, have added a very brilliant cultural heritage to the treasure trove of French literature and human culture.
In 1827, Hugo published the script "Cromwell" and its preface. Although the script was not performed, the preface was considered a declaration of French Romanticism and became an epoch-making document in the history of literature. He played a great role in promoting the development of French romantic literature.
Victor Hugo was born in Besan?on, a provincial city in Switzerland close to France. His grandfather was a carpenter and his father was an officer in the French Army.
France is great The romantic writer Victor Hugo
was awarded the rank of general by Napoleon's brother, King Joseph Bonaparte of Spain, and was a close confidant of the king. As a child, Hugo was talented and was stationed in Spain with his father. He returned to Paris to go to school at the age of 10. After graduating from high school, he entered law school, but his interest lay in writing. He began writing when he was 9 years old. When he was 15 years old, he wrote "Readings on Fragrant and Glutinous Steamed Pumpkin" which won the prize in the poetry competition of the French Academy. When he was 17 years old, he won the first place in the "Hundred Flowers Poetry Competition". When he was 20 years old, he published The collection of poems "Ode", for praising the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty, Louis XVIII rewarded him with a pension, and then wrote a large number of exotic poems. Later, he was disappointed with both the Bourbons and the July Monarchy and became a pacifist. He also wrote many poetic dramas and scripts, and these are novels with distinctive characteristics and implementation of their ideas. He suffered a malignant heart attack at the age of 40, but he continued to exercise and eventually recovered. Hugo's life spanned almost the entire nineteenth century. His literary career lasted as long as sixty years, and his creative power is enduring. As an important writer of Romanticism, his novels are moving and have permanent charm on readers.
Victor Hugo
In 1830, Hugo's play "Onani" was performed at the Grand Theater of the French Academy, which had a huge impact and established the role of romanticism in Dominant position in French literary world.
Victor Hugo was born on February 26, 1802, in Besan?on, France, to an officer family. He became interested in literature in middle school. His literary activities began with his writing for the magazine "Literary Conservatives". Due to the influence of his family, most of Hugo's initial poems praised royalism and religion. His first novel "Han Islam" was praised by the novelist Notier. The relationship with Notier prompted Hugo to turn to romanticism and gradually became the leader of the romantic group. In 1827, Hugo wrote a long preface to his play "Cromwell", which is the famous Romantic literary manifesto. In the preface, Hugo opposed the classical artistic viewpoint and put forward the romantic literary proposition: insisting not to express the plot in a formulaic but concrete manner. He especially preached the principle of contrasting truth, goodness and beauty with hypocrisy, evil and ugliness. This preface occupies an important position in the history of French literary criticism.
"Onani" tells the story of Onani, a robber from a noble family in Spain who rebelled against the king in the 16th century. Hugo praised the robber's chivalry and nobility and showed a strong anti-feudal tendency. The public performance of Hugo's masterpiece of romantic drama "Oulany" marked the decisive victory of romanticism over classicism.
In July 1830, the "July Revolution" occurred in France, and the feudal restoration dynasty was overthrown. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, praised those revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn those heroes who died in street fighting.
"The Hunchback of Notre Dame" published in 1831 is Hugo's most romantic novel. The plot of the novel is twists and turns, tense, vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary. Hugo took a further left-wing path in politics. His masterpiece "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" is a work of this period. This work established Hugo's reputation as a famous novelist.
After the "July Revolution", France established the "July Dynasty" ruled by the big bourgeoisie headed by the financier Louis Philippe. The July Dynasty continued to win over Hugo. In 1841 Hugo was elected to the French Academy. In 1845, Louis Philippe made him the Minister of the French Nobility, and he also became a member of the House of Nobles. Hugo's passion for struggle in his creation weakened. In 1843, he wrote a mystical play "The Garrison", which was booed by the audience when it was performed and failed. Hugo remained silent for nearly 10 years without writing.
In June 1848, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July Dynasty and established the French Republic. At first Hugo did not understand the revolution, but when the big bourgeoisie conspired to destroy the Republic of China, Hugo became a staunch communist and pacifist. In December 1851, Louis Bonaparte launched a coup, and Hugo participated in the anti-coup uprising organized by the Communist Party. After Louis Bonaparte came to power, he established the Second French Empire. He implemented a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed those who resisted. Hugo was also persecuted and had to go into exile. While in exile, he wrote a political satirical poem "Punishment", each chapter is accompanied by a policy statement of Napoleon III, and is satirized, and the achievements of Napoleon I are compared with the humiliation of Napoleon III. He also wrote other political satirical pamphlets and political satirical poems that severely criticized the dictatorship of Napoleon III. During this period, he successively published the novels "Les Miserables", "Sea Laborers" and "The Man with the Laughing Face".
The Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870. After France was defeated in Sedan, the Prussian army approached Paris. At this critical moment when the country was in danger, Hugo returned to his motherland after 19 years of exile. He gave speeches everywhere, calling on the French people to fight against the German invaders and defend the motherland. He also used the remuneration from his writings and poetry recitation to buy two cannons, showing his lofty patriotism.
When the Paris Commune revolted, Hugo did not understand the revolution. But when the Commune failed and the reactionary government frantically suppressed the Communards, Hugo angrily condemned the reactionaries for their brutal behavior. He called for an amnesty for all Communards and announced in the newspaper that his residence in Brussels, the capital of Belgium, would be provided to the exiled Communards as a refuge. Place. For this reason, his home was attacked by reactionary thugs and he nearly died, but he still stood his ground.
Hugo wrote numerous works throughout his life, covering all fields of literature. Critics believe that his creative ideas are the closest to modern ideas. After his death, the whole country in France mourned him and he was buried in the "French Memorial Hall" where there are memorial plaques of French celebrities. Panthéon”.
Victor Hugo
The most talked-about romantic deed of Hugo in France is: when he was 30 years old, he met the 26-year-old actress Juliette Drouet. And fell in love. No matter whether they were together or apart, Juliette Drouet wrote a love letter to Hugo almost every day. Until Juliet Drouet died at the age of 75, she never stopped writing nearly 50 years. Twenty thousand letters. The dominant idea throughout Hugo's life activities and creations was humanitarianism - opposing violence and defeating "evil" with love.
Hugo was the leader of the positive romantic literary movement in the early 19th century and an outstanding bourgeois democratic writer in the history of French literature. He experienced almost all major events in France in the 19th century.
He wrote many poems, novels, scripts, various essays, literary reviews and political articles throughout his life. He was an influential figure in France.
Hugo's creative process spanned more than 60 years. His works include 26 volumes of poetry, 20 volumes of novels, 12 volumes of plays, and 21 volumes of philosophical works, totaling 79 volumes, adding to the treasure trove of French literature and human culture. A very glorious cultural heritage. His representative works are: the novel "Notre Dame de Paris" (i.e. "The Hunchback of Notre Dame"), "Les Misérables", "Sea Laborers", "The Laughing Man", "1993", poetry collections "Light and Shadow" and "On the British and French Allied Forces" "A Letter to Captain Butler from the Expedition to China" (Lesson 4 of the Chinese Language Textbook for Grade 8, Volume 1, published by the People's Education Press), short story: "The Disaster of the Normandy" (now called "The Captain"), Lesson 7, Volume 1, Volume 6, of the Jiangsu Education Press . Beijing Normal University Edition, Lesson 1 of Unit 8 of Volume 1 for Grade 5. Lesson 10 of Volume 2 of the Shanghai Nine-Year Compulsory Education Textbook for Sixth Grade. Lesson 21 of the second volume of the sixth grade of the E-education edition. Lesson 20, Volume 2, Volume 2, fifth grade, Hebei Education Edition. "A Speech in Commemoration of the Centenary of the Death of Voltaire" (selected for Lesson 6 of Volume 1 of the Ninth Grade Edition of the People's Education Press)
Hugo admired the early French romantic writer Chateaubriand since he was a child. In 1827, he published the verse play "Cromwell" and "Cromwell > Preface" (1827). The "Preface" is called the manifesto of the French Romantic drama movement and is an extremely important literary treatise by Hugo. In 1830, he wrote the first romantic play "Onani" based on the theory in the preface. Its performance marked the victory of romanticism over classicism.
"Les Misérables" is Victor Hugo's masterpiece. It exposed the sharp contradictions and the disparity between rich and poor in capitalist society, described the painful fate of the lower class people, and raised three pressing issues in society at that time: "Poverty" It makes men miserable, hunger makes women degraded, and darkness makes children weak," he lashed out at the hypocrisy of bourgeois laws. It comprehensively reflects the social and political life of France in the first half of the 19th century.
Zhu Ziqing (1898.11.22 - 1948.8.12), whose original name was Zihua and Qiushi, was renamed Ziqing and whose courtesy name was Peixian; he was originally from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, was born in Donghai, Jiangsu, and grew up in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, so he called himself "I am from Yangzhou"; a famous modern essayist, poet, scholar and democracy fighter. His prose is simple and meticulous, clear, meaningful and melancholy, his language is refined, his writing style is clear and beautiful, and he is full of true feelings. Zhu Ziqing added magnificent colors to modern Chinese prose with his unique artistic style, and created a prose system and style with Chinese national characteristics in order to establish a new aesthetic feature of modern Chinese prose; his main works include "Snow Dynasty" and "Traces" , "Back View", "Spring", "Miscellaneous Notes on Travels in Europe", "You and Me", "Examples of Intensive Reading Guidance", "Examples of Skimming Reading Guidance", "Chinese Language Teaching", "Poetic Commentary", "New Poetry Miscellaneous" Words", "Standards and Measures", "On Appreciation of Refined and Popular Culture".
Yang Jiang, Mrs. Qian Zhongshu, whose real name is Yang Jikang, was born on July 17, 1911. She graduated from Soochow University in Suzhou in 1932. From 1935 to 1938, he studied in England and France. After returning to China, he taught at Shanghai Aurora Women's College of Arts and Sciences and Tsinghua University. After 1949, he worked in the Institute of Literature and the Institute of Foreign Literature of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Ms. Yang Jiang is a famous writer, translator, and foreign literature researcher. Her main literary works include "Taking a Bath", "Six Notes on the Cadre School", and other translations of "Don Quixote". Published in 2003, she recalls a family of three and dozens of people. The "Three of Us" who lived through hardships for many years wrote the book "Coming to the Edge of Life" at the age of 96.
Yu Qiuyu, a contemporary Chinese cultural history scholar, writer, essayist, a famous contemporary art theorist in my country, and the richest man in the "2006 First Chinese Writers Rich List". In 1968, he graduated from the Department of Drama Literature of Shanghai Theater Academy. In 2010, he was awarded an honorary doctorate in literature from Macau University of Science and Technology. He is currently the Dean of the School of Humanities and Arts at Macau University of Science and Technology. Chairman of the Huangdi Cultural International Forum, part-time honorary professor of Qujing Normal University, part-time professor of Sias International College of Zhengzhou University, successively served as president and professor of Shanghai Theater Academy, vice-chairman of Shanghai Theater Association, and honorary chairman of 99 Book Club. Started publishing works in 1962.
He is the author of a series of essay collections such as "Cultural Journey", "Mountain Dwelling Notes", "Frost-Cold River", "A Sigh of a Thousand Years", "Walker Without Boundaries", "Caressing the Earth", "Searching for China", "What is Culture", etc., as well as the general history of culture "Asking Learning Yu Qiuyu", Long memory literature "Lend Me a Life", "I Can't Wait Anymore", etc., academic monographs "History of Drama Theory", "Aesthetic Psychology of Drama", "History of Chinese Drama Culture", "Art Creation Project", "History of Chinese Drama", "Art Creation" "On" and "Audience Psychology" etc. He has published many historical monographs at home and abroad, and has been awarded honorary titles such as "National Expert with Outstanding Contributions" (awarded in 1987) and "Top Ten Higher Education Elites in Shanghai". Among them, "Xinke" was selected into the first volume Chinese textbook for the second grade of junior high school published by the People's Education Press, and "Dujiangyan" was selected into the Chinese textbook "Modern Poetry and Prose Appreciation" for high school electives published by the People's Education Press. In 2010, Yu Qiuyu became the dean of the School of Humanities and Arts of Macau University of Science and Technology. His name is included in the "Cambridge, UK" and "Who's Who in the World".
Mao Yisheng, courtesy name Tangchen, was born in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. Civil engineer, bridge expert, engineering educator, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Engineering, and the Academia Sinica. In the 1930s, he presided over the design and organized the construction of the Qiantang River Highway and Railway Bridge, which became a milestone in the history of China's railway bridges and made outstanding contributions to my country's bridge construction. He has chaired the my country Academy of Railway Sciences for more than 30 years and has made outstanding contributions to the progress of railway science and technology. A pioneer who actively advocates the application of soil mechanics in engineering. A well-known alumnus and old president of Tangshan Jiaotong University, he also served as president of Peiyang University, director of the Engineering Department of Nanjing University, and director of the Bridge Design Engineering Division of the Ministry of Transportation of the National Government. He is the main founder of the China Civil Engineering Society and served as the first three chairman of the board and the fourth and fifth honorary chairman.
Mao Yisheng once presided over the construction of the Qiantang River Bridge, the first modern large-scale bridge designed and built by the Chinese themselves; after the founding of New China, he participated in the design of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge; in his later years, he He has compiled "History of Chinese Bridges" and is the author of "China's Ancient Bridges and New Bridges".
Wu Guanzhong (1919 ~ June 25, 2010), a native of Yixing, Jiangsu, is a famous contemporary painter, a master of Chinese painting, one of the founders of the Chinese Stream Artist School, an outstanding Chinese painter, and an oil painter. Art educator. Committed to the exploration of the nationalization of oil painting and the modernization of Chinese painting, it has formed distinctive artistic characteristics.
Graduated from the Hangzhou National College of Art in 1942 and taught at the Department of Architecture of the National Chongqing University. In 1946, he was admitted to the Ministry of Education to study abroad at public expense. In 1947, he went to the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. In the autumn of 1950, he returned to China and taught successively at the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Academy of Fine Arts, Tsinghua University, Beijing Art Institute, Central Academy of Arts and Crafts.
At 23:57 on June 25, 2010, Mr. Wu Guanzhong died in Beijing Hospital due to ineffective treatment. He was 91 years old.
As a thoughtful artist, he is diligent in writing, has unique arguments, and his writing is vivid and fluent. Among them, the views on abstract beauty, formal beauty, form determines content, and life and art should be like a kite with an unbroken string, etc. have aroused controversy in the art world. Wu Guanzhong (1919 to June 25, 2010), a native of Yixing, Jiangsu Province, is a famous contemporary painter. Wu Guanzhong is a representative painter of modern Chinese painting in the 20th century. He is committed to the exploration of the nationalization of oil painting and the modernization of Chinese painting, forming distinctive artistic characteristics. Representative oil paintings include "Three Gorges of the Yangtze River", "Northern Scenery", "Birds' Paradise", "Huangshan Pines", "Lu Xun's Hometown", etc. His literary masterpieces include "Stone Statues of Ancient Heroes" and so on.
Ye Shengtao (1894-1988), formerly known as Ye Shaojun, also known as Shengtao, was a Han nationality and a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. He was a famous writer, educator, editor, literary publisher and social activist. After liberation, Ye Shengtao served as deputy director of the General Administration of Publishing, president of the People's Education Press, and deputy minister of education. He is also the Vice Chairman of the Sixth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress, a member of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and Chairman of the Central Committee for the Advancement of Democracy. Ye Shengtao passed away in Beijing on February 16, 1988, at the age of 94.
He created my country's first fairy tale collection "The Scarecrow" (1923) and the first novel in the history of modern Chinese literature "Ni Huanzhi" (1929). Other works include: short story collection "Separation" (1922), "Fire" (1923), "Offline" (1925), "In the City" (1926), "The Collection of Weiyan" (1928) wait. During his long editing career, he has successively edited or edited Poetry magazine, Literary Weekly, Novel Monthly, Middle School Students, Middle School Students Literature and Art, Chinese Monthly, Enlightened Youth, and Bi Zhen ", "Chinese Language Magazine", "Chinese Writers" and other important literature and Chinese education publications and dozens of primary and secondary school Chinese textbooks. He has written more than ten books on Chinese education and has made important contributions to the cause of Chinese education. It has been found that a number of young authors have been trained and recommended, such as Ba Jin, Ding Ling, Dai Wangshu, etc. In 1980, the Education Science Press published "Ye Shengtao's Collection of Chinese Education".
Tao Yuanming (approximately 365-427), also known as Yuanliang, also known as Mr. Wuliu (also known as Qian, also named Yuanming), privately nicknamed Jingjie, was a poet and literary figure in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern Dynasty and the early Song Dynasty. Writer, poet, essayist. Han nationality, a native of Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He worked as a minor official for several years, then resigned and returned home to live in seclusion. Pastoral life is the main theme of Tao Yuanming's poems. Related works include "Drinking", "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields", "The Peach Blossom Spring", and "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu". , "Come Back and Come Back" and so on.
Liu Yuxi (772-842), named Mengde, Han nationality, was born in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) in the Tang Dynasty of China. His ancestral home was Luoyang. He was a writer and philosopher of the Tang Dynasty. He claimed to be a descendant of King Shan Jing of Hanzhong. He served as the censor and a member of Wang Shuwen's political reform group. A famous poet in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, he was known as the "Poetry Hero". His family is a scholarly family with Confucianism passed down from generation to generation. He advocated political innovation and was one of the central figures in the political innovation activities of Wang Shuwen School. Later, Yongzhen's reform failed and he was demoted to Sima of Langzhou (now Changde, Hunan). According to Mr. Zhou Xinguo, a historian and collector in Changde, Hunan, Liu Yuxi wrote the famous "Spring View of Han Shou City" while he was demoted to Langzhou Sima.
There are three main existing ancient editions of Liu Yuxi's collection: ① The original collection of the Summer Resort in the Qing Dynasty was carved by Dong in the 8th year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty (1138). It is titled "Collected Works of Liu Yuxi" and is a small print edition. Today there is a photocopy of Xu Hongbao. In the 13th year of Chunxi reign (1186), Lu You reengraved it according to the Dong version and called it "Zhejiang version". The engravings that have been popular since the Ming and Qing Dynasties basically belong to this system. ② The Song engraving edition in the collection of the Fukui Chonglan Museum in Heian, Japan, is titled "Collected Works of Liu Mengde" and belongs to the Shu large-character edition. Today there is a photocopy of Dong Kang and a reduced edition of the Commercial Press. ③ Volumes 1 to 4 of the Song Dynasty engraved fragment of "Liu Mengde's Collected Works" in the Beijing Library, Jian'anfang edition. Mao Jin, Hui Dong, He Zhuo, Feng Hao, Huang Pilie and others in the Ming and Qing dynasties did preliminary collation work on Liu Yuxi's collection, but most of them were copies and were not widely circulated. The current editions of Liu Yuxi's collected works are: "Collected Works of Liu Mengde" in the "Sibu Congkan" edition, "Collected Works of Liu Mengde" in the "Sibu Congkan" edition, and "Collected Works of Liu Binbin" in the "Collection of Series" edition. In addition, there is also a proofread version of "Collection of Liu Yuxi". The life story of Liu Yuxi can be found in the new and old "Book of Tang" biographies. Tang Weixuan compiled "Liu Binjia Lu" (also known as "Liu Gongjia Lu"), which records Liu Yuxi's conversations about creation, knowledge and other aspects in his later years. It is of great information value. Bian Xiaoxuan, a modern person, wrote the "Chronology of Liu Yuxi", which contains many researches on Liu Yuxi's life and various historical materials. "Inscriptions on a Humble Room" was selected as the 22nd lesson in the first volume of the 8th grade edition of the People's Education Press.
Zhou Dunyi, a native of Loutianbao, Yingdao, Song Dynasty (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province), is a famous philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty and is recognized by academic circles as the founder of Neo-Confucianism. "Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism has been in great decline. For more than a thousand years, in the middle of the Song Dynasty, Zhou Dunyi came out of Chung Ling and learned the knowledge that the sages had not passed down. He wrote "Tai Chi Pictures" and "Tong Shu" to deduce the principles of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements. "He who understands the nature of nature and understands it clearly." "History of Song Dynasty: Biography of Taoism" elevates the Neo-Confucian school founded by Zhou Zi to a very high status.
Li Daoyuan (about 470-527) had a long character. Han nationality, from Fanyang Zhuozhou (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province). He was a geographer and essayist in the Northern Dynasties and the Northern Wei Dynasty. His official career was bumpy, and he failed to fully utilize his talents.
He was a well-read man. When he was a child, he went to Shandong with his father to visit waterways. Later, he traveled to the Qinling Mountains, the vast areas north of the Huaihe River and south of the Great Wall, inspecting rivers and ditches, collecting relevant customs, historical stories, myths and legends, and wrote "The Book of Waters". Note" forty volumes. The writing is meaningful and the descriptions are vivid. It is not only a geographical work with rich and colorful content, but also a collection of beautiful landscape prose. He can be called the founder of travel literature in my country and has a great influence on the development of travel prose in later generations. He also wrote thirteen chapters of "Benzhi" and "Qipin" and other articles, which have been lost
Su Shi (1037-1101) was a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name is Zizhan and his nickname is Dongpo Jushi. Han nationality, Sichuan native, buried in Yingchang (now Jiaxian County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province). He had a bumpy official career throughout his life, but he was knowledgeable and talented. He was excellent in poetry, calligraphy and painting. His writing is unbridled, clear and fluent. Together with Ouyang Xiu, he is called Ou Su, and he is one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". His poetry is fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggeration and metaphor, and his artistic expression is unique. He is also called Su Huang together with Huang Tingjian. He started a bold and unrestrained school and had a huge influence on later generations. Together with Xin Qiji, he was called Su Xin. He was good at calligraphy in running script and regular script. He could create his own ideas. His pen was rich and ups and downs, and he had an innocent taste. He was called Song Dynasty together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang. The four schools have the same painting studies and literature, advocate spiritual similarity in painting, and advocate "scholar painting". He is the author of "The Complete Works of Su Dongpo" and "Dongpo Yuefu" etc.
Wang Wei (701-761, one theory is 699-761), courtesy name Mojie, Han nationality, Puzhou, Hedong (now Shanxi) Yuncheng), whose ancestral home is Qixian County, Shanxi Province, is a poet of the Tang Dynasty and is known as the "Poetry Buddha". Su Shi commented on him: "When you taste Mojie's poems, there are paintings in the poems; when you look at Mojie's paintings, there are poems in the paintings." In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (721), he was promoted to Jinshi, Tai Lecheng. Wang Wei is a representative poet of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He has more than 400 poems in existence today. His important poems include "Lovesickness" and "Dwelling in the Mountains in the Twilight of Autumn". Wang Wei was proficient in Buddhism and was greatly influenced by Zen Buddhism. There is a Buddhist "Vimalakīrti Sutra", which is the origin of Wang Wei's name. Wang Wei is famous for his poetry, calligraphy and painting. He is very versatile and proficient in music. Together with Meng Haoran, they are collectively known as "Wang Meng".
Li Bai (701-762), Han nationality, named Taibai and Qinglian Jushi, was a romantic poet of the Tang Dynasty and was hailed as the "Immortal of Poetry" by later generations. Chengji, whose ancestral home is Longxi (now Qin'an County, Gansu Province), was born in Mianzhou, Jiannan Road (now Qinglian Township, Jiangyou City, Mianyang, Sichuan). One theory is that he was born in Suiye City in the Western Regions (today's Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan), and moved with his father to Changlong County (renamed Changming County in 712) in Mianzhou (Brazil County) in Jiannan Road when he was 4 years old. Li Bai's father's name was Li Ke. Li Bai raised two sons (Boqin and Tianran) and one daughter (Pingyang). There are more than a thousand poems and essays in existence, and his representative works include "The Road to Shu is Difficult", "The Wine Will Be Entering" and other poems, and the "Collection of Li Taibai" has been handed down to the world. He died of illness in Dangtu in 762 at the age of 61. His tomb is in Dangtu, Anhui today, and there are memorial halls in Jiangyou, Sichuan, and Anlu, Hubei.
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