Liu Xizai
Also known as Rong Zhai Zi Bo Wan Jian Hao Ya Ya Zi
Gender: male
Year: Qing Dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Date of birth and death:1813-1881.
Brief introduction to life
Liu Xizai (1813-1881) was a writer in Qing dynasty. Bo Jian, Rong Zhai, Ya Masako, from Xinghua, Jiangsu. Daoguang Jinshi, Guan Zhi Zuo Chunfang Zuo Zhongyun, studied politics in Guangdong. After that, he gave lectures at Shanghai Longmen Academy for many years. He was a literary theorist and linguist in China19th century. Known as "Hegel of the East".
Liu Xizai was born in a poor intellectual family, from farming to reading. My father Song Ling is a "recluse gentleman" who lives in the countryside. When Xi Zai was born, his father told him that he was still interested: "This is a child who can be humane. He wants less, but he can think." ("Biography of Yan Yazi") "I lost my father at the age of ten and cried like a cry. "(Biography of scholars in the Qing Dynasty) lost his mother for several years." Lonely and poor, diligent in machinery, knowing a little about reading, and keeping his word. "("Biography of 700 Celebrities in Qing Dynasty ") In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839), Xi Zai was 27 years old and had obtained the provincial entrance examination. In the twenty-fourth year of Daoguang (1844), Xi zai was thirty-two years old. He was a scholar, good at writing and calligraphy, and was transferred to Jishi Shu and imperial academy, where he was awarded as an editor. In the third year of Xianfeng (September 18th), the emperor called for a symmetrical decree and ordered him to study it, and he became Julian Waghann. "For a long time, I saw it was full of gas, and fleas were not tired at dusk. I asked what I raised, and I gave it four words: close your eyes and read, behave appropriately, and the book is "quiet and comfortable". Second, Yu Yue Zuo Chunfang Zuo Zhongyun Liu Jun's tombstone "Six Years of Xianfeng" (1856), the year-end performance appraisal, the second music inspection, the public name is first-class, and the name is for official use "("A Biography of Liu Rongzhai in Xiao Mu ")," If you are not happy for an official, ask for leave from Shandong and teach your disciples to support themselves "("Biography of Seven Hundred Celebrities in Qing Dynasty "). In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing. "The Ministry had an accident, officials moved much, but they stayed alone. After the negotiation, Hu Wenzhong (Lin Yi) was comforted by E, and recommended that "Jie Zhen should be unique and learn to be a man" (Xinghua County Records, Volume XIII). The following year, at the invitation of Hu Linyi, Hubei Province, he left Beijing to give lectures at Jianghan Academy in Wuchang. However, because the army failed in its second expedition to the west, his successor left a poem, returned to Beijing, changed his way halfway, entered Shanxi, and wandered around Fenhe River. Liu Shiyun of Fenhe said: "The festival is near Qingming, the willow is not new, and the cold color of Fenhe is very charming. Wandering outside for ten years, I know that I have lost a few trees in Huainan. "Just when Liu Xizai first arrived in Shanxi, Emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty died of illness." In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), the old minister summoned him, especially Yan. Two more letters will be sent next year, and people will be very interested. "Yu Yue's" Zuo Chunfang Zuo Jun Tombstone ") Tongzhi three years (1864), imperial academy Branch, its autumn, life for Guangdong to study politics, Zuo Chunfang Zuo Zhongyun, in charge of Guangdong provincial capital, state and county students' examination classes. Examine Guangdong, punish anger, stifle desire, do good, and correct under the temptation to educate scholars. "Now learn widely, modest and meticulous, students' papers are good and bad, just look. Enter students and cultivate them, such as family and father. "(Xiao Mu Liu Rongzhai's" A Biography of a Chinese Cloud ") The inspector's three-year term has not expired, that is, he will take a long vacation and return to his hometown, leaving his official life.
It took fourteen years from the sixth year of the old fetus (1867) to the sixth year of Guangxu (1880). In his later years, Liu Xizai has been giving lectures at Shanghai Longmen Academy. "Give lectures to all students and be tireless all day long. Every five days, you must ask him what books he has read and studied, and tell him what is wrong and what tends to be right. Look at the fasting hall on the third night or in the church to see if there are any students. " (Yu Yue Zuo Chunfang left Zhongyun Liu Jun's tombstone) So people praised him at that time for "teaching his disciples with orthodoxy, which has the wind of Hu Anding" ("Scholars of Qing Dynasty"). Hu Yuan, a native of Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, was a great educator in the Northern Song Dynasty. He often has hundreds of students. He used his skills to teach in Suzhou, Huzhou and other places. Later, imperial academy presided over imperial academy, treating all students as children. He has good teaching methods and knows the rules and regulations. When you first started Imperial College, you used its method. Hu Yuan's revival, Shi Jie He Mi and "Mr. Song" opened the first sound of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. Xing Xizhai presided over Longmen Academy in Shanghai, while Yu Yue, a famous scholar, presided over Jingshe in Hangzhou. After they met, they talked happily, applied what they had learned and gained fame in this world.
Theoretical works
Liu Xizai's works include An Introduction to Art, Yesterday's Uncertain Collection, Four Tones, Shuo Wen Shuang Sheng, Six Kinds of Ancient Bookstores and Three Kinds of Ancient Bookstores. Among them, Introduction to Art is the most famous and an important literary criticism work in modern times. * * * The 6-volume Yi Jian is divided into Wen Jian, Shi Jian, Fu Jian, Ci and Qu Jian, Shu Jian and Jing Yi Jian, respectively discussing the system evolution, nature, characteristics, performance skills and comments on the works of important writers. It is Liu Xizai's experience in pondering and savoring traditional culture and art for many years.