There is an isolated mountain in the southeast of Changping District. This mountain is not high, but it has many names: Longquan Mountain, Longshan Mountain and Shenshan Mountain, also known as Phoenix Mountain, Baifushan Mountain and Shenling Mountain. The Records of Shuntian Mansion in Guangxu quoted the unified record of Ming Dynasty: "By the mountains, it is the sacred mountain."
This mountain is very attractive, and here is a steady stream of spring water. The amount of water is large and stable. The village is called Baifu Village, and the spring water is also called Baifu Spring. The spring water originates from the northern foot of Longquan Mountain, and there is a basin halfway up the mountain. Clear spring water rushes out from the gravel at the foot of the mountain, forming a pool of clear water. The textual research of "Old News in the Sun" contains: "There is a spring in Tandong, which is crystal clear." In the early Ming Dynasty, Kowloon Pond was built on a spring. The wall of the pool is granite, and the faucet is carved in white marble and embedded in the stone wall. The spring water flows out from Jiulongkou.
With spring water, there will be a human landscape on this mountain.
There is Longquan Temple not far from the spring. Chronology of Changping House: "Longquan has two. One is under the Longwang Temple in Du Dong, the other is under the Shenling Mountain in Xishui, and there is Longtan. " There are three halls in the temple, east and west. Maitreya Buddha is enshrined in the main hall.
There are seventy-six steps behind the temple, which can reach the top of the mountain, and there is the Dulong King Temple on it. Dulongwang Temple was built in Yuan Dynasty. The temple is small, 50 meters square. The pattern of the main hall is regular. There are bell tower and drum tower on the east and west sides. Couplet at the entrance of the main hall: Jiujiang Bahe River meets Tianshui; All corners of the country have thought of drinking water sources. Cross-examine and approve Longwang Temple. This temple was built for the Dragon King with a human face. The walls on both sides of the main hall are painted with colorful murals of The Journey to the West. Now, the color is dim and the ink is unclear.
Why is it called Longwang Temple? There are two local sayings: this temple is the largest Longwang temple in Beijing, and it is the temple that governs all Longwang. Taoism is known as the Dragon King, the Dragon King of the Four Seas and the Dragon King of the Five Sides. Buddhism also describes the infinite dragon king, such as Boloboyi Dragon King and Shiva Exhausted Dragon King. This shows that in the Yuan Dynasty, spring was important and mountains were important.
Mysterious ancient caves
This mountain can often form a unique microclimate, and the significance of Dulongwang Temple has been further expanded, and it has been repaired throughout the dynasties. Hongwu was rebuilt in the eighth year of Ming Dynasty.
It was also recorded in Guangxu period. There is such an account in the annals of Changping during Guangxu period. Li Hongzhang wrote a letter to the emperor, which said: According to the record of Wu, the magistrate of Changping, "North Phoenix Mountain in Baifu Village of Honshu, the old Dulongwang Temple, prayed for it every time there was a flood or drought." Since the spring and summer of this year, it hasn't rained for a long time, and the crops have worms. People here "prayed in the mountains, and it rained heavily within ten days", and the crops eaten by insects were "revived by rain". The harvest in autumn is very good, and the villagers celebrate together. Local officials and people are going to rebuild the temple with their own funds, hoping to give the imperial plaque. Minister Li Hongzhang verified the matter. "It is necessary to replant the seeds in time in the morning and evening, which is actually disaster prevention and defense, and merits and benefits the people." He also begged the emperor to be "merciful" and issue a plaque.
Emperor Guangxu read Li Hongzhang's memorial and replied to the imperial edict. Indeed, he "presented a tribute plaque to Li Hongzhang and hung it respectfully at the Longwang Temple in Fenghuang Mountain, Changping Prefecture." The four words on the plaque are: ruoji.
Therefore, when there is little rain, they will be led by local officials or the elderly. Each household has a man who carries three gifts and burns incense to pray for rain. Every year from June 11th to 13th of the lunar calendar, there is a temple fair in Longquan Mountain. Rich in content, not only can you watch the whole process of state officials going to Dulongwang Temple to burn incense, but also operas, flower exhibitions, shopping and so on. There was a theater at the foot of the mountain in the early years. Sitting north facing south, 10 square meter, 5 meters high, the roof is single-eave ridge. The stage is 5 meters square and there is a wooden guardrail in front.
Longquan Mountain is magical, and there are some legends. There is an ancient cave halfway up the mountain, which is recorded in the chronicle. The textual research of Old News in the Sun is quoted from Biography of Jifu Mountain: "Longquan Mountain is located in the southeast of Guizhou, and there is Longwang Temple on the top of it. Halfway up the hill, I saw someone coming down with a stone. At first, it became narrower and wider, and I was afraid to go forward when I was walking and the sound of water was rushing. There is a pool at the northern foot of the cave, which is unfathomable. " There is a similar account in the annals of Changping during Guangxu period. Since the late Qing Dynasty, the ancient cave has not been recorded. Why did it disappear? This has aroused people's speculation and imagination, and also led to some stories: It is said that after Eight-Nation Alliance burned the Summer Palace, the monk pulled three cars back to hide in the cave to protect the national treasure. Later, Cixi posted a list to kill the protector, so the monk blocked the ancient cave. No one knows where the hole is now.
According to the 17-year-old Inscription of Dulongwang Temple Site in Qianlong Temple, there are three temples on Longquan Mountain: "One is Baiyi Temple, the other is Longquan Temple, and Longwang Temple is on the peak side." In early years, people came to Longquan Mountain for sightseeing. Baifuquan, Shangsi, Si Xia, Opera House and ancient caves have become the favorite landscapes and good places for sightseeing in Changping District. At that time, the eight scenes of Yanping selected by the people were listed in Guangxu's "Changping Taishouzhi", and the poem "Longquan Spray Jade" is a clear proof: "With emptiness and thinness, you can fill the flying spring and make the dragon come out of the nine depths. The cliff is extremely sad, and Zhu Qiongyu is shocked. The wind sets the source of the stream, and the water flows at the bottom after the rain. Curiously refreshing human bones, passers-by think of immortals. "
in vain
In the Yuan Dynasty, most of the air was humid and the groundwater was very rich. In the 28th year of Zhiyuan (129 1), the court sent Guo Shoujing to inspect water conservancy. After a detailed investigation, he found the use value of Baifuquan. After he came back, he summarized the achievements of years of water conservancy investigation and research into 1 1 suggestions and reported them to the court. The first is to completely change the water source problem in most areas, and put forward a bold suggestion: "Take Shenshan Spring from Baifu Village in Changping County, turn west to south, cross the waters of Shuangta, Yu He, Mu Yi and Yuquan, and enter Beijing through Wengshanbo to Xishuimen". Yuan History: "Nanhui is a Jishuitan, which goes out of Wenmingmen (now Chongwenmen) in the southeast and into Baihe in Gaolizhuang, Tongzhou in the east." Finally, "enter the Luhe River to transport grain." Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan was very happy and spoke highly of the plan. He immediately said "do it as soon as possible" and specifically ordered: "leaders below the prime minister should take the lead." And "act after being respected and taught", everything should be arranged by Guo Shoujing. This gave Guo Shoujing great support.
There are several technical problems in the water diversion scheme: for example, going straight to the southeast to lead to the metropolis, there are two rivers, Shahe and Qinghe, and the valley is low and insurmountable; Going west is the West Mountain, and Kyoto is high in the west and low in the east. In the eyes of ordinary people, "Shenshan and Baifu are all in the southeast of the state, with high terrain in the west and low terrain in the east". How can water go upstream?
In the face of this complex terrain, Guo Shoujing applied the ideas summarized in his early years in harnessing the Yellow River, that is, today's altitude theory. After field survey, he came to the conclusion that the terrain of Baifuquan is higher than that of the western foothills. According to today's measurement, Baifuquan is 55 meters above sea level and Wengshanbo is 40 meters above sea level. At that time, people could not know the concept of altitude, but could only sigh: "It is impossible to know that observing respect can lead to the west."
This conclusion strongly supports Guo Shoujing's view. He led the spring water to Xishan, and then generally went south along the 50-meter contour line, avoiding the valley lowlands, and then injected it into Wengshanbo to the southeast. Wengshanbo, also known as Qilibo, was opened to the southeast in Qing Dynasty and renamed Kunming Lake as a reservoir to regulate the fluctuation of river water. Build a dike weir along the canal-white floating weir. "Tianfu Guangji" contains: "The weir built by Guo Shoujing stretches for more than 50 miles from Baifu Village to Qinglong Bridge." The canal draws a beautiful arc along the foot of the mountain in the north, intercepting the water sources in the upper reaches of Shahe River and Qinghe River along the way, and collecting the spring water from Xishan Mountain, which greatly increases the water volume. The river flows southeast into the Gaoliang River, and enters the Jishuitan, which serves as a mooring port. On the east side of Jishuitan, the river opens to divert water, flows southeast, and then flows eastward to Tongzhou through Laozhahe Road in Jin Dynasty. "Full length 164 Li, 140 steps" is really a masterpiece in Beijing's water conservancy history. Since then, Beijing has had the lifeblood of water supply.