"Moonlight Night on the Spring River" and "Sunset Flute and Drum"
This song is not directly related to Zhang Ruoxu's poem of the same name, and strictly speaking, it cannot be called an ancient song, because it is Around 1925, it was adapted from the pipa song "Sunset Flute and Drum". It belongs to the national orchestra.
In history, more people believe that the musical content and artistic conception of "Sunset Flute and Drum" come from Zhang Ruoxu's poem "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night". In the 1920s, an orchestral piece adapted from "Sunset Flute and Drum" appeared, and it was directly named "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night".
The music of "Sunset Flute and Drum" basically comes from the poetry of "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night".
About "Sunset Flute and Drum"
It has many names, such as "Xunyang Pipa", "Xunyang Song", "Xunyang Night Moon", etc., with many versions and various The versions have many different orchestrations, score sections and subtitles. It is included in "New Scores of Thirteen Daqu Pipas of the Northern and Southern Schools" and is called "Xunyang Pipa".
"Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" is a famous piece of Chinese classical music and a classic of Chinese classical music.
Its predecessor is a famous pipa solo, originally called "Sunset Flute and Drum". The title of "Sunset Flute and Drum" was first seen in the Qing Dynasty Yao Xie's (1805-1864) "Textual Research on Modern Music". The music score of this pipa piece was first seen in the "Xianxu Youyin" pipa score handed down by Ju Shilin (about 1736-1820) (Long Fei's note: The one we see now is the copy handed down by his disciple Xianfeng in the year of Gengshen, that is, 1860) ), as well as the "True Biography of Pipa Pupu", the secret edition of the Northern and Southern Schools, written in 1819, the year of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, as well as the manuscript "Tan Cao Ji" Pipa Pupu written by Zhang Jianshan in Songjiang, Jiangsu Province in the Renyin year of Daoguang in 1842, and the Pipa Pupu in the Yihai year of Guangxu. Wu Wanqing's manuscript in 1875, "Chen Zijing Pipa Score Copy" in 1898, the year of Guangxu, 1898, "Yangzhengxuan Pipa Score" in 1929, etc. The song "Sunset Flute and Drum" in the "Chen Zijing Pipa Score Copy" has seven subtitles: "Returning to the Wind, Queuing the Moon, Linshui, Mountain Climbing, Howling, Night View, and Returning to the Boat". (Longfei’s note: Regarding the research on the origin of this piece of music, the most recent paper is Wang Lin’s "Exploration of the Origin and Author of Chunjiang Huayueyue" published in the 1st issue of "Journal of the Central Conservatory of Music" in 1993. According to this article , in the "County Chronicle" of Chongming, Jiangsu, there is a record that Song Heng "created a new idea for the song "Sunset Flute and Drum" during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty)
In 1895, Li Fangyuan, a pipa player of the Pinghu School, composed this song. This piece of music was included in the "New Pipa Score of Thirteen Daqu Operas of the Northern and Southern Schools" (Gongchi Music Book), and was renamed "Xunyang Pipa". After that, some people named this piece of music "Xunyang Moon Night" and "Xunyang Song". Li Fangyuan's "Xunyang Pipa" has "Sunset flutes and drums, flower stamens dispersed in the wind, Guanshan is facing the moon, Linshan is setting sun, Maple Leaf Autumn Sound, Wu Gorge Qianxun, Flute sound in the red trees, Linjiang River View at night, Fishing boats sing There are ten sub-titles including "The boat returns to the boat in the shadow of the setting sun at night".
In 1923, Liu Yaozhang and Zheng Jinwen of the Shanghai "Datong Music Club" (founded by Zheng Jinwen in 1920) adapted Wang Tingyu's pipa solo score "Moonlight Night in Xunyang" into various ethnic groups. It is an ensemble piece of musical instruments, and its title is also more likely to be "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night". The subtitle of this song is different from that proposed by Li Fangyuan, which is: "Bells and Drums on the River Tower, Eastern Mountains on the Moon, Windy and Curved Water, Flower Shadows on Stages, Deep Water Between Clouds, Fishermen Singing in the Late Night, Waves of Lanterns Lashing on the Shore, and Rivers Crying" Toze, alas, it’s time to return to the boat, the end.”
The ancient Chinese rhyme is said to be one of the top ten famous songs. The ten famous ancient songs are "Mountains and Flowing Waters", "Guangling San", "Goose Falling on the Flat Sand", "Three Plum Blossom Alleys", "Ambush from Flying Daggers", "Sunset Flute and Drum", "Questions and Answers of Fishermen and Woodcutter", "Eighteen Hujia" "Photo", "Autumn Moon in the Han Palace" and "Spring and White Snow".
6. At what time of the year does the moon shine on people - "Sunset Flute and Drum"
"Sunset Flute and Drum" is a pipa song, also known as "Sunset Flute Song". In addition There are also different versions of "Xunyang Pipa", "Xunyang Night Moon", "Xunyang Qu" and other versions circulated in the world. Some people believe that the concept of "Sunset Flute and Drum" comes from Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing". For example, the title of "Xunyang Pipa" is taken from the first line of "Xunyang Pipa", "The Xunyang River sees off guests on the first night, and the maple leaves and flowers rustle in autumn."
In fact, the artistic conception of "Sunset Flute and Drum" is quite different from that of "Pipa Xing". Most people in history believe that the musical content and artistic conception of "Sunset Flute and Drum" come from Zhang Ruoxu's poem "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night". In the 1920s, an orchestral piece adapted from "Sunset Flute and Drum" appeared, and it was directly named "Spring River Flowers and Moonlight Night".
The music of "Sunset Flute and Drum" basically comes from the poetry of "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night". Zhang Ruoxu, the author of "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night", was not a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and was not even included in the biographies of the "Old Tang Book". "Old Book of Tang" only briefly mentions Zhang Ruoxu in He Zhizhang's biography. Zhang Ruoxu was a native of Yangzhou and served as a military officer in Yanzhou. Together with He Zhizhang, Zhang Xu and Bao Rong, he is known as the Four Scholars of Wuzhong. He Zhizhang is a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and Zhang Xu is a master of calligraphy. Both of them are top figures in Du Fu's poem "Eight Immortals in Drinking". In comparison, Zhang Ruoxu's fame is far less than that of He Zhizhang and Zhang Xu. There are only two poems by Zhang Ruoxu in "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". In addition to "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night", the other one is "Reply to Gu Meng Yuan".
Although Zhang Ruoxu is not famous, he owns the song "Moonlight Night on the Spring River", which is called "the most single piece in the entire Tang Dynasty" by later generations, which is enough to make him occupy the leading position in the era of geniuses from the early Tang Dynasty to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. a place. "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" is an old Yuefu title and belongs to the Yuefu Qing Dynasty and Shang Dynasties. It is said that this song was created by Shubao, the empress of Chen, and was relatively popular in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The style and realm of Zhang Ruoxu's "Spring River with Flowers and Moonlight Night" are far superior to the palace poems with the same title.
"The tide of the Spring River reaches the level of the sea, and the bright moon on the sea rises with the tide. The waves follow the waves for thousands of miles, but there is no moon on the Spring River." The poem begins with a lofty intention and a powerful momentum. From the spring river to the sea tide, from the river trees to the flower forest, from the rising to the setting of the moon, from reality to dreams, Zhang Ruoxu paints a picture that is both illusory and real, vast, deep, quiet and beautiful. "Life is endless from generation to generation, but the river and the moon are only similar every year. I don't know who the river and the moon are waiting for, but I see the Yangtze River sending water." These four sentences have always been considered to contain philosophical thinking about life and the universe. In Wen Yiduo's words, "In front of the magical eternity, the author has no surprise, no longing, and no sadness." At the end of this poem, there are emotions such as the wanderer's longing for home, the sadness of parting, and the regret of farewell. Although it is slightly sentimental, it still does not lose its atmosphere.
The strange thing is that from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the early Ming Dynasty, poetry critics paid little attention to this poem, and naturally no one recognized it as a masterpiece. This poem began to be included in anthologies of Tang poetry after the Ming Dynasty. Zhong Xing of the Ming Dynasty commented in "Return of Tang Poems": "To put it simply, each step is linked to each other, which makes people sad, but it is sentimental. I can't read it, and I can't get tired of reading it. The five words "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night" are refined into a piece of strange light. , can't be separated and combined, true chemical craftsmanship." Wang Fuzhi of the Qing Dynasty said in "Selection of Tang Poems Volume 1" that "every sentence is renovated, thousands of lines, to touch the hearts and minds of ancient and modern times, and its natural and unique feeling. In the late Qing Dynasty, Wang Kaiyun commented on this poem in "Wang Zhi: On the Origin of Various Schools of Tang Poetry": "Zhang Ruoxu's "Moonlight Night on the Spring River" uses the style of "Xizhou", which is unique and unique. For everyone.”