1. During the American Revolutionary War, military recruitment was going on all over the country. At that time, almost all the young people in the village were recruited. Most of the remaining people were old or unwilling to go. At this time, a propaganda poster was posted in the village. The poster said: Going to the battlefield is not that scary. There are only two possibilities for being a soldier: injured or not injured. Needless to say, there are only two possibilities for not being injured. Even if you are injured, there are only two possibilities. Possibilities: minor injury and serious injury. Needless to say, minor injury, serious injury are just two possibilities: treatable and untreatable. Needless to say, treatable, untreatable means death. Since you are already dead, what is there to fear?
2. Mozart’s story:
The Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a representative of the Viennese classical music school. Born on January 27, 1756 in the family of a court musician in Salzburg, he died in Vienna on December 5, 1791. Mozart showed his musical talent at the age of three. He learned piano from his father at the age of four, composed music at the age of five, and learned violin from his father at the age of six. He composed a number of sonatas and symphonies at the age of eight, and wrote his first opera at the age of eleven. He lived only thirty-six years. The heavy creation, performance and poor life damaged his health and caused him to pass away prematurely. His musical works have become precious heritage in the world's music treasure house.
In 1762, the six-year-old Mozart, led by his father, made an experimental tour to Munich, Vienna, and Pressburg, and achieved success. From June 1763 to March 1773, they performed in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy and other countries for ten years and achieved success. These traveling performances had a positive impact on Mozart's artistic development. He had the opportunity to come into contact with the most advanced musical arts in Europe at that time - Italian opera, French opera, and German instrumental music. This enabled him to become a composer with the widest range of creative styles in his time.
Since 1774, his creation began to enter a mature period. When he traveled and performed again in 1777, during his extensive contact with all walks of life, especially his equal and harmonious interactions with the Mannheim citizen artists, Mozart received enlightenment and inspiration that were far beyond what traditional concepts could give him. excitation. This is not only the improvement of artistic appreciation, but first of all, a deep understanding of the unreasonable feudal system. He increasingly realized that a person's value is not determined by his origin but by his talent and morality. Mozart, now an adult, was dissatisfied with his slave status. In order to fight for personal and creative freedom, in 1781, he completely broke with the archbishop who hired him and resigned resolutely. He became the first free composer in Austrian history who had the courage and determination to resist the court and the church and safeguard his personal dignity. In the same year, he arrived in Vienna and wrote the famous opera "Escape from the Harem".
3 The Art of Speaking: Two Stories
Cao Cao liked Cao Zhi's talent very much, so he wanted to depose Cao Pi and make Cao Zhi the crown prince. When Cao Cao asked Jia Yi for his opinion on this matter, Jia Yi remained silent. Cao Cao asked strangely: "Why don't you speak?"
Jia Yi said: "I am thinking about something!"
Cao Cao asked: "What are you thinking about?" "What happened?"
Jia Yi replied: "I was thinking about the disaster caused by Yuan Shao and Liu Biao's abandonment of their elders."
Cao Cao laughed after hearing this and immediately understood Jia. Yi's implication was that he no longer mentioned the matter of deposing Cao Pi.
In the Southern Dynasties, Emperor Qi Gao studied calligraphy with Wang Sengqian, a calligrapher at that time. Once, Emperor Gao suddenly asked Wang Sengqian: "Whose calligraphy is better, you or me?".
This question is difficult to answer. It is against one's conscience to say that Emperor Gao's calligraphy is worse than his own; Saying that Emperor Gao's handwriting is not as good as his own will make Emperor Gao's face difficult to maintain, and may even make the relationship between the emperor and his ministers very bad.
Wang Sengqian's answer was very clever: "I am the best among the ministers, and you are the best among the ministers.".
There are only a few emperors, but there are not many ministers. There are countless, but the implication of Wang Sengqian’s words is very clear.
Gaodi understood the implication, laughed, and gave up, not mentioning the matter again.
Enlightenment: In many situations, there are some things that cannot be said directly or clearly. Therefore, circumlocution has become a method used by people.
4 Wang Xizhi, the great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, loved to travel around and get into the natural scenery. That spring,
he went to Hangzhou to visit friends. He walked to the ground in Suzhou and stepped onto a stone bridge. He looked around and saw a small village in front of him, with wine flags flying. Flashing in the afterglow of the setting sun, the curling smoke slowly rises from the thatched roof. Farmers in groups of three, three, and two are walking towards the village. What a beautiful picture it is, he has some I lingered and stopped by the bridge. When the moon rose, the village was hazy and the scenery was even more beautiful. I bought a pot of sake and a few dishes of side dishes. I started drinking by myself. In the middle of the night, I gradually fell asleep with a bit of drunkenness.
When I woke up the next day, I suddenly felt that my head was heavy. When I returned to the library and lay down, I fell ill. The scholar invited a famous doctor from Suzhou to diagnose and treat Wang Xizhi, who then cured his illness. for a month. I have used up all the storage money I brought with me when I went out, and I can no longer go to Hangzhou to see my friends. What to do? He thought for a while and suddenly remembered that there was a pawn shop opposite the hotel where he was staying. He remembered that the word "dang" was already dilapidated. Why don't I write the word "pawn" and go pawn it? This was a good idea, so I asked the bookboy to spread paper and polish ink. He wrote the word "pawn" and asked the book boy to pawn it. The price was 30 taels of silver. A penny less was not pawn.
The book boy came to the pawn shop and unfolded Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. The boss saw that it was indeed a good calligraphy, so he asked how much the pawn was.
The book boy said 30 taels of silver, which was a penny less. no. The boss looked at it carefully and said: "Good words are good words, but they have a sick look, so they are not worth it."
The book boy came back and told Wang Xizhi what the boss said, and Wang Xizhi said : "Hey, I think highly of you, you're so cool
, okay! I'll write another one." Wang Xizhi wrote another word and asked the boy to take it. The boss looked at it and said
Said: "This word "dang" is much more powerful than that one, but it is full of loneliness and anger. That's it, I want it."
Give the boy 30 taels of silver.
Wang Xizhi had money and could hit the road again.
He came to Hangzhou and met a friend. The friend set up a table of fine wine to entertain Wang Xizhi. There was a relative of the friend
who opened a pawn shop and wanted to ask Wang Xizhi to write. The word "pawn" was used as a sign. Wang Xizhi said: "I have already written the word "pawn". Just go and get it back." Wang Xizhi took out the pawn ticket and handed it to the man. The man
took the silver and left for Suzhou.
When I arrived in Suzhou, I met the pawnshop owner and decided to return the pawn. The boss thought he was a lunatic when he heard that he was not a local and wanted to get back his money after traveling so far. When he saw that the pawned ticket was genuine, the boss wanted to trick him. He pulled the abacus and asked him for 40 taels with interest. The man took out 40 taels and gave it to the boss. The boss was a little puzzled. He was obviously trying to trick him, but he happily took out 40 taels of silver to redeem the pawn. So he asked him: "Excuse me, what is so precious about this calligraphy?"
The man said: "This is an authentic work by Wang Xizhi, a great contemporary calligrapher. You, the old man, have eyes that cannot recognize gold inlaid with jade,
p>
Hmph! Goodbye! ”
The boss is anxious. Shouted: "Come back, I will take 50 taels of silver and ask for your pawn, or 100 taels, 100 taels!"
The man didn't even listen, and replied When I arrived in Hangzhou, I met Wang Xizhi and handed over the word "Dang".
Wang Xizhi took it over without even looking at it. He tore the word into pieces with two clicks. It's a pity that the man didn't get it
Come on, he was too late and couldn't save the character.
Wang Xizhi smiled and said: "The most important thing for a businessman is the word 'harmony'. Does harmony bring wealth? This word is
When I was in a bad mood after recovering from illness, I wrote it when I lost my temper, with a bit of anger. No, I will write another one for you now, and I guarantee that you will make a fortune if you hang out."
So, Hangzhou. The friend spread the paper and polished the ink, Wang Xizhi used his luck and wrote a big word "dang"
All the friends present were amazed, and everyone praised this word as being very good.
This inscription was carved by a senior craftsman and hung on the thoroughfare of Hangzhou City. It is very conspicuous and the business is very busy.
Since then, the pawnshop in Hangzhou has become the most famous pawnshop in the country.
5 During the Kangxi period, there was a royal painter named Yu Zhiding. He practiced painting hard since he was a child, and integrated the strengths of various schools. He was very knowledgeable. At that time, he was known as the "Sage of Yu Painting", so he He is quite conceited.
"Yu Painting Sage" served in the inner court and was often praised by officials as Emperor Kangxi's talent, noble aspirations, proficiency in all arts, and good at painting. "Yu Painting Sage" did not take it seriously. He thought, Kangxi is the emperor, of course you have to praise him. I don't believe that the emperor knows everything. I, "Yu Painting Sage", have established myself in the world with my own talents. How can I be compared with those who flatter me? dirty.
As for the Holy Ancestor Xuan Ye of the Qing Dynasty, when he heard that there was such an arrogant painter, he also wanted to see how capable this person was.
One day I came to the inner court incognito and saw Yu Zhiding's painting "Wang Shizhen Sitting Quietly on the Wan Xiao", which has the bold and unrestrained, meticulous and meticulous painting style of the literati. I felt happy after reading it. .
But it was said that the emperor's scolding had already alarmed all the officials. They all knelt down at the steps in fear and shouted: "Long live my emperor!"
Emperor Kangxi waved his hands with a smile and said: "I am here to view paintings, so there is no need to be too polite."
"Painting Sage Yu" saw that the emperor was in great interest, and thought, why not take this opportunity to test the emperor's painting skills, and also improve himself Show your talents in front of the emperor.
So he came out of the queue and played loudly: "I am knocking on the cauldron of Yu to see the Holy One. I am a foolish minister with little talent and poor learning, and my painting skills are rough. Please give me advice from the Holy One!"
Emperor Kangxi said; " I'll be fine without any ceremony." While looking at the tripod of Yu, he thought to himself, this obviously depends on my ability in appreciating paintings! Fortunately, this old man still has personality, so he said happily: "Your painting is rigorous and well-organized. The pen is hard, the amount is round, and the shades are rich and moist. One mountain, one stone, one bamboo and one water are swayed freely. Although limited by the size, it has the "state of "flying clouds and holding up the sun"". Wang Shizhen sits alone in the secluded bamboo, with two His eyes are blurred, and although he is hiding from the world, he is showing a feeling of self-admiration, right?"
Yu Zhiding was stunned when he heard this, and with a slightly shy look, he knelt down and said: "My painting skills, He is very different from a famous person." He then presented a scroll with both hands: "Your Majesty is well versed in the meaning of painting, please appreciate the artistic conception of this painting and let me listen to it."
It turns out that you are a "teacher". Yu Zhiding heard that Emperor Kangxi secretly ridiculed him for "admiring himself alone" in his review of the painting. Although he was slightly embarrassed, he was unwilling to let it go, so he started to "use offense as defense".
What Yu Zhiding presented was an ancient painting that was rarely known. He thought to himself that it would be difficult for the emperor to discuss this painting without any real talent or knowledge.
When Emperor Kangxi heard this, he thought to himself, I wonder what painting this "weird" used to test me, and he was also very curious, so he said: "You hang the painting on the wall, and I will wait for you." *Reward it."
When the officials of the imperial court saw Emperor Kangxi appreciating paintings and discussing his art, they crowded together to listen and receive instruction. At this time, they were shocked to see "Yu Painting Sage" testing the emperor with ancient paintings. Take a breath.
The scroll slowly unfolds, and a strange and bold splash-ink landscape appears in front of you. The composition is really amazing. The abrupt rocks look like they are made of cast iron, and they are either clouds or springs. Because of their similar shapes, they are like water coming from the sky. The diarrhea is natural and there is no trace of ink stains. This majestic and majestic picture is so powerful that the viewers are shocked into silence.
Emperor Kangxi slowly picked up the tea and took a sip, thinking that there were countless famous paintings from past dynasties stored in the inner court, but he saw this painting for the first time, just by the painting presented by this "weirdo" , I should forgive him.
"Hua Sheng Yu" saw the emperor holding a cup and thinking, and was secretly happy. He glanced at the officials who were thinking hard with a smug look, and proudly twirled his sparse beard with two thin fingers. .
At this time, Emperor Kangxi gently put down the tea cup and said: "I looked at this painting, from near to far, there are rugged mountains and rocks with different shapes, which can be described as miraculous workmanship; a trickle of water runs through the whole painting, and there are comings and goings. If you go there, you can follow the stream to trace the source. The light and dense clouds push the lush pine waves, and the sound of it adds a bit of mystery, which is so beautiful! The emperor's vivid comments on the paintings suddenly became active, and he looked at the emperor with admiration. However, "Yu Painting Sage" curled his lips, meaning that discussing paintings based on composition, brushwork, and style can only be regarded as stylized language. Only by explaining the source of the painting can it be considered "elegant and profound"!
Emperor Kangxi saw this and thought: "Okay! This is called 'meeting an opponent in chess'." So he stood up and walked a few steps with interest, and said: "Since ancient times, there have been six methods and three grades of painting. , the ancients said, the charm is vivid, born from nature, no one can catch a glimpse of its cleverness, it is the divine quality of Wei; if the pen and ink are superb, the dyeing is appropriate, and the meaning is more than enough, it is called a wonderful work; if the shape is similar without losing the rules, it is called a wonderful work Nengpin; this is the third crystal."
"Yu Painting Sage" didn't shake his head when he heard this. Staring at Emperor Kangxi. Emperor Kangxi smiled and said: "I once heard that there was a painter called Wang Mo in the late Tang Dynasty. He was a downcast man who was free from worldliness. He often wandered around the rivers and lakes. He was good at painting landscapes, turquoise and rocks with splashed ink. Everyone in the world marveled at his exquisiteness. When I looked at this painting, I Wang Mo is a genius!"
All the officials were impressed by Emperor Kangxi's profound words, and there was a roar of praise. However, Yu Zhiding turned red with shame and hurriedly knelt on the ground and said repeatedly: "Long live the Lord! He is so smart and capable that no one can match him."
At this time, Emperor Kangxi thought to himself, how about I test his knowledge? So he asked: "Yu has a profound knowledge and knowledge, so we know that Wang Mo is unique. How to create the style of painting?"
Many officials were dumbfounded by this question and looked at Yu Zhiding in panic, but when they saw Yu Zhiding said carefully: "The Holy Academy is very knowledgeable, how can a foolish minister dare to do anything in his own way? '!"
Emperor Kangxi laughed and said: "It's a pleasure to compete in painting skills, so it's okay to talk about it."
Yu Zhiding then said: "I heard, Wang Mo. He is addicted to alcohol, and every time he wants to paint, he will put ink on the silk with a bun and splash the ink to paint. The cover can take off the brush and ink, and the border becomes a kind of meaning. It also changes his spirit, which is really wonderful. "
Emperor Kangxi listened happily, while holding his hand on the table and drawing something with a pen. After Yu Zhiding finished speaking, Emperor Kangxi lifted his drawing up. When the officials took a look, they couldn't help but Oops, it turned out that Emperor Kangxi had painted Yu Zhiding on paper in the blink of an eye. Although Yu Zhiding still pouted his beard arrogantly in the painting, the arrogant and arrogant air was no longer there. . Emperor Kangxi flicked his wrist again, and a line of round and vigorous calligraphy was left on the paper: "The sea of ??art is boundless, and the humility is like a valley."