It is often said that Hongyi people have a close relationship with southern Fujian, while in southern Fujian, they have a special relationship with Quanzhou.
Master Cheng 19 18 became a monk, came to Minnan in 277, and died in 42 and 14 years. Fourteen years, mostly spent in southern Fujian. In the meantime, I went to Zhejiang, Shanghai and Qingdao for about three years. In Xiamen and Zhangzhou, it is also about three years; The rest stayed in Quanzhou for seven or eight years. When I say Quanzhou, I mean that the old Quanzhou government belongs to counties including Yongchun. He once lived in Tongan Brahma Temple, Yongchun Taoyuan Temple, Forsyte, Xuefeng Temple, Ling Ying Temple, Nan 'an Yunshui Cave and other places. Jingfeng Temple in Hui 'an, Ling Rui and Shui Xin Pavilion, Cao An and Fu Lin Temple in Jinjiang, Kaiyuan Temple, Chengtian Temple, Tongfo Temple and Wenling Sanatorium in Chengxiang, Quanzhou, etc.
This master has a great influence in Quanzhou, and Quanzhou people have a deep impression on him, not only Buddhism, but also culture and others. People always remember him with sincere goodwill and good mood. This is probably related to his talent, personality, earnest and down-to-earth spirit and tolerance. Feng Zikai said that he was "a very human person", which made people admire him.
(2)
Hiroichi's name was Li Shutong before he became a monk. Tianjin people, ancestral home in Pinghu, Zhejiang. Born in the sixth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1880). His father is a famous banker. He is an unmarried woman, and his father was sixty-eight years old when he was born. His father died when he was four or five. After the death of his father, the family could not live in harmony because of the complicated portal. He tasted the bitterness of his birth mother. When I was young, I saw that imperialism opened the door to China with gunboats and bound the Chinese nation with unequal treaties. However, in the Qing Dynasty, the internal affairs were not repaired, diplomacy was fragile, and the old empire of China was increasingly in danger, worrying about the country and the people, and the idea of political reform and reform came into being. 1898 failed in the coup, and it was said in Beijing and Tianjin that he was a member of Kangliang Party, which made him uneasy. Take your mother south as soon as possible and stay in Shanghai. Go to Nanyang public school to study. It was quite famous at that time. After graduation, a few comrades and I set up a "Strong Club" in Heather, giving lectures on patriotism, health and self-reliance on schedule, which opened up people's feelings and was praised by the society.
Not long after, my mother died of illness. Send them to the north as soon as possible, then pack them and cross to Japan. Before he left, he bid farewell to his motherland and presented it to his classmates. Word cloud:
Put on your hair and pretend to be crazy. Mang Central Plains, Twilight, a few withered willows. Who will clean up the broken mountains and rivers? The west wind is still falling. It will make people thinner. When you walk, you say that you are lovesick and unforgettable, which makes you unable to breathe. Sorrow is darker than wine.
Feelings are endless. I hate every year, and it's always hard to turn back. Twenty surprises, after all, there is no empty talk. Listen to the bottom of the box, the black dragon growls. I can't sleep in the long night, and there are many lives, so cherish my heart. It is the motherland that bears the burden of loneliness.
After reading this word, you can imagine his ambition at that time. In Tokyo, I went to Ueno Art School to learn painting and music from famous artists. Theory and skills go hand in hand and achieve great success. Except for epigraphy and calligraphy, they are all exquisite. At that time, there were very few people studying in the East China Sea, and he was the first person to learn new art.
When I was studying in Japan, my classmate Li Daoheng and others organized the Spring Willow Drama Club, and performed world-famous dramas such as La Traviata and Black Slave Xu Tian Lu. At the same time, he joined the League and engaged in revolutionary activities. Liu Chun Drama Club is the first drama club in China. He dressed himself as Margaret and Mrs. Hilpe, with a serious attitude and superb acting skills, and became famous in Mishima. The Japanese are regarded as the only artists in China.
After graduation, I returned to China and taught in Beiyang College of Technology. After the Revolution of 1911, he went to Shanghai to be the editor of the art edition of Pacific Newspaper, and joined the "Nanshe" sponsored by Yazi with his colleagues in Liu Yazi, becoming one of the giants of Nanshe. Nanshe was a progressive literary group at that time, which strongly advocated and awakened the national spirit of the Chinese people.
The Pacific newspaper stopped publishing and was employed by Zhejiang two-level normal school (Zhejiang No.1 Normal School) to teach two subjects of picture music, which laid the foundation for art education in China. During my seven years in school, I got the most from my colleagues Jing Ziyuan, Xia Gaizun and Jiang Shudan. What he teaches is not the so-called "main subject", but it can fascinate students with the lessons he teaches. Xia Gaizun said that Mr. Li teaches music, and students value music more than Chinese mathematics, which is why he has a personal background. His student Zhu also said: Teacher Li has a pleasant temperament and is gentle and indifferent. He never uses harsh words or scolds his students. But the students sincerely hope that he will do his homework well, not for the sake of grades, but only for Mr. Li to be happy. He said, his Rong Zhi bearing, loud and clear, very clear. As soon as you get close to him, you will feel that there is a fresh air infiltrating you, containing you, making you dirty gradually and making your despicable thoughts disappear.
Since he became a teacher, he has completely changed all the habits of handsome guys and international students, deliberately focused on his own cultivation and never hesitated. Silence makes people feel "gentle and severe" and "warm when looking at it".
He is versatile and pays so much attention to moral cultivation that students not only make rapid progress in their studies, but also gain more influence from his personality and ideological enlightenment. Many famous artists in modern China came from his school, such as cartoonist Feng Zikai, musician Liu Zhiping, Li Hongliang (once a music teacher in Jimei School), Jin Jinfu and so on.
(3)
In the summer of the seventh year of the Republic of China (19 18), Mr. Li entered the Hupao Temple in Hangzhou and became a monk at the age of 39. The legal name is Nan Zhou, and the word Hongyi. Posthumous title yat sen villa old man, Li Shangyin poem "God pity the grass, the world loves yat sen villa". Before becoming a monk, distribute all books, calligraphy and paintings, and clothes to all teachers, friends and students, and seal the stones carved in one's life in the stone wall of Yinshe in Shanghai West Lake. The word "sealed" is printed on the wall. His family didn't know about his becoming a monk. After he was shaved, his concubine (Japanese) heard the news, held her son in her arms and begged again and again. Just ask someone to do it for him: consider him dead of tiger plague, and there is no need to read any more. Helpless, I held my son around the room and cried sadly. From then on, I learned to get rid of dust, donated my own vulgar thoughts, strictly observed the statutes and commandments, and converted to the pure land of my heart. Brahma with ten shoulders has no definite trace. Even if there is old value, it is indifferent, as if it is isolated from the world.
1September 4th, 942 (new calendar1October13rd), died in the quiet room of Wenling Sanatorium in Buerci, Quanzhou. Shishou sixty-three, Monk La (number of years of becoming a monk) twenty-four.
Before his death, he wrote two letters to his close friend Xia Gaizun. Indications:
A friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and a thousand miles a day.
Wen Shi, Kuol, Hua Zhi, Tian.
He also wrote in his will, "Yu Yu entrusted Miao Lian with a responsibility before his death, when he was dying, and after his death." No matter who others are, they must not interfere. "And stamped with the seal. At the beginning of September, at noon, I handed the book "Sorrow and Joy" to Master Miaolian. This is the last ink of the people of the world.
(4)
Master Hongyi pays attention to Quanzhou Buddhism and has a far-reaching influence on Quanzhou Buddhism. He had some views on the situation of Buddhism at that time. Sighing that the monk world is often criticized by the world is really self-inflicted. Because of the decline of Buddhism, most monks can't strictly observe the precepts and have no self-esteem. They only rely on chanting and worshipping Buddha to do Dojo and sell Tathagata property to cope with their lives. But he has always been "self-seeking, not complaining", so he will not criticize, let alone reprimand. Just from his own actions, you can see what he means. A disciple at home told him that monks are generally vulgar and have few desires, which makes people very annoying, but monks are ignorant. The master knelt down and prayed to him. When the apprentice saw it, he knew that the master was teaching himself, and he dared not speak out of turn from now on.
Seeing the characteristics of home can be summarized as five points.
First, don't be an abbot and don't accept believers.
Second, don't open the big seat. Spreading Buddhism and building good relations are not beautiful. However, he believes that the audience is mixed and easy to abuse, preferring the essence rather than asking for more. Once in Shangyu and Kaiji, when I was talking about the Five Commandments, only five people were allowed to listen. When giving lectures at Shi Miao Temple in Xiamen, only five people are allowed to attend. When giving lectures in Quanzhou, the ceremony is extremely simple: no legislative building, no gathering of people, no display of the dignity of exorcists, down-to-earth everywhere, no vanity.
Third, study, preach dharma and be diligent. Since the missionary work in the Tang Dynasty, Nanshan School has experienced more than 700 years in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and its tradition was interrupted, so it was revived by Supreme. Therefore, Buddhism called him "the 11th founder of reviving Nanshan religion". From Japan, he was invited back to the three major departments of France and Tibet, edited and edited the series of Chinese and foreign laws and regulations, carefully revised them, and recorded the four commandments of monks and nuns, made the original commandments, decomposed the list and added comments. In addition, there are many books such as Reading at Home. Extremely deep skills, very easy to use.
Throughout Quanzhou, he preached Buddhism to monks many times. In kaiyuan, I talked about "dreams full of eyes"; In Chengtian, I gave an introduction to law; In Cao An, I talked about "four divisions pay attention to caution"; In the Shui Xin Pavilion, I gave a speech to the people; Later, I compiled a volume "An Fa Hai Yin Lu"; In the nursing home, I talked about the Eight Popular Sentiments, and so on.
He doesn't preach precepts, and he doesn't object to preaching precepts. He only agrees that after being ordained, he will give up everything he thinks can't be kept, and only choose what can be kept and be careful. Many believers in Quanzhou did what he wanted.
Fourth, life is extremely light and does not seek fame and fortune. I used to wear mangle shoes with my feet exposed, a monk's dress, 224 patches (clothes are reserved for Jing Ziyuan as a souvenir) and a pair of monk's shoes, which I have worn for fifteen years. Obey the precepts on weekdays: wear three clothes in winter and don't eat anything after noon (only eat two meals). Even in Chengtian Temple, you can always live in a humble convent, or you can choose a small hut at the end of the big garden on the right side of the main hall. The hut is very small, only for your knees. Anyone who has a lecture and the road is a little shorter will insist on walking instead of taking the bus. After living in Wenling Nursing Home for five months, the hospital provided two boxes of matches, but neither box was used (he didn't light the lamp at night, so he often slept every day), and Miao Lian returned it to the dean of the hospital. Once, someone asked him to go to Hui 'an to preach the Dharma. He made three rules: no farewell, no fasting, no big seats, crossing the city without stopping, and going directly to Lingrui Mountain.
Although the reputation is getting bigger and bigger, the more you retreat, the more you blame yourself, the more diligent you are, and the more diligent you are.
Fifth, avoid empty strokes. After becoming a monk, the master strictly abides by statutes and commandments and avoids all vanity. Someone asked him to write a chronicle for him, and he said, "Those who are ashamed and don't have enough stories in their lives". When photocopying the Four-Point Law in his early years, he tried to make a will in advance: "There is no need to build a tower behind this scale and make other merits. I just want to have money to reprint this book so that it can be widely circulated. " At the age of 60, he was a disciple of Su Qian, Zhejiang Province, and wanted to write an article for his birthday. After he heard about it, he sent a book all the way, asking him to use the funds raised to serve patriotic soldiers and asylum compatriots, which was very useful.
Before you die, simply tell you what is behind you, and you are not allowed to make plans. Tell Master Miaolian personally: You don't have to wear good clothes, just wear old shorts to cover your roots (the law says "a corpse covers its roots with clothes"). After death, you must close the doors and windows, lock them and refuse all questions. When the shrine was sent to Chengtian Temple, the accompanying officials did nothing but recite scriptures. According to the master's wishes, there is not even a "memorial meeting to celebrate the birth of the West".
(5)
Hongyi people have a close relationship with Minnan, especially with Quanzhou.
/kloc-in the winter of 0/927, Master and Youxi Yin Jushi came to Fujian from Zhejiang, and originally planned to cross Siam and travel overseas together. When I was in Xiamen, I felt unwell. I rested in Nanputuo Temple and got along with the master of sexual desire day and night. There are also a group of young people who stay at home and are eager to learn. Yin invited them to give a speech. The host loves the mild climate in southern Fujian, which is characterized by "it takes a long time to see the rain, and there is no snow in winter" (Han Woshi); Praise Minnan people for their sincere feelings and mellow customs. I changed my mind about going to Siam with the lay master, and vowed to stay alone in Minnan to preach Buddhism. He has lived in many places in Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou.
After becoming a monk, the master kept a low profile and remained anonymous. He often "has just been known by the world and has moved to the thatched cottage to live in a deep place", or has closed his door and quietly read, refusing to watch the news. I don't like seeing people everywhere, giving lectures and eating. Even his teacher Cai Yuanpei wanted to see him, but he politely declined. When I went to Liu Hong, Zhanshan Temple in Qingdao, a mayor asked for a meeting, but he was not allowed. Establish a fast to support, not to go. The mayor personally invited him, but he was not received. He only gave the waiter a book to thank him: "I went out with a stick yesterday and thought again;" Because monks only live in the valley, it is very inappropriate for state banquets. " Some people in Shanghai begged him to write numbers with thousands of dollars, but he didn't accept gold or write.
In Quanzhou, the master changed his attitude, and he was willing to make extensive contact with Buddhism. He made an exception and taught a lot of Buddhism to Quanzhou people, wrote a lot of words, and even went to fast several times.
Master Cheng wrote many words in Quanzhou. All questions, regardless of rank, are allowed, and they are all written, thousands. Half a month before his death, he wrote hundreds of pictures of nave for Jinjiang Middle School students. A few days before his death, he had completely stopped eating, and he still managed to write for people (because the appointment had expired). At first, he wrote many classics, many words and great kung fu. Later, I only wrote Buddhist names, French and sentences, such as "I don't want to be happy for myself, I hope to get together and get rid of suffering"; "Heart is like three painters"; "Without some cold, plum blossoms smell fragrant"; "Remembering Buddha to save the country", and so on. Sometimes just write the word "Buddha". In his later years, he integrated 300 couplets of Hua Yan Jing, and someone asked him to write these words to write couplets. The words he wrote in his later years often have both rules and opening words, and he approached Nanshe with a pen. However, the hard work of learning the North Monument can't be concealed. The more beautiful it is. His books are all about lightness and clumsiness. The clumsier the better, the lighter and more charming. A clear and white world, without smoke and anger. Anyone who is impatient will naturally feel smokeless after reading his words. Anyone who is impatient will naturally calm down after reading his words. I heard from a friend that when he wrote the scriptures, he polished the ink, spread out the paper, sat up and concentrated, and then wrote. Although he used fine words, he didn't draw a word. I stopped writing when I heard the sound. When the situation is calm, sit up, hold your breath, and then write.
The number of couplets he wrote for temples is also considerable. For example, the grass gate couplet says: "When grass accumulates, the feeling of business is full, and the door is often covered. Don't forget that there are still many people suffering in the world "; He also wrote an article "Reviving Cao An" (full text 196 words). Kaiyuan Temple: "This place was called the Buddhist country in ancient times, and all the streets were filled with saints". Copper Buddha Temple: "Practise paramita diligently, never forget to lose bodhicitta", and so on. Yurufan Temple, Xuefeng Temple, Ling Ying Temple, Chengtian Temple, Shui Xin Pavilion, Fu Lin Temple, Shi Jia Temple, Duolian Temple, etc. Has his ink on it.
In Quanzhou, he looks normal because he writes a lot of words. In Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places, his words are treasured to the extreme, and the domestic art forest, that is, a piece of paper, is also regarded as a treasure.
After Master became a monk, all artistic things were excluded. However, people engaged in art work in Quanzhou are very concerned, sympathetic, inspired and tempted. He is also very concerned about places of interest in Quanzhou, and has been to almost all famous temples. Once I passed by the west gate of Quanzhou, I was very surprised to see a tombstone of Han Wo, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, standing by the Panshan road. Han Wo, at the end of the Tang Dynasty, came to Fujian from the land, and entered at the order of the king, and was born at the end of the year. Tang Shi called him a perfect man in the Tang Dynasty. The master made a heartfelt biography for him to show his loyalty. I collected information and gave it to one of his disciples at home, trying to write it out and print it (the draft was sent to Ming Kai Bookstore and destroyed by gunfire). Therefore, Wu Guisheng, an old scholar in Quanzhou, was kind enough to raise money from Huang Zhongxun, an overseas Chinese, to repair Hanwo's tomb.
(6)
A generation of eminent monks, the master admired by the world, floated in Quanzhou, naturally causing people's surprise and thinking; Some actions of the people are out of date, and naturally it is not easy to be understood for a while. However, over time, "sneaking into the night with the wind, moistening things silently" (Du Fu's poem), people were surprised to think and understand, and finally had to admit that he had a rather subtle influence on Quanzhou Buddhism, Quanzhou local fashion and the moral cultivation of some people in Quanzhou society.
The master taught Dharma in Quanzhou for many years, lived in many places in Quanzhou, and finally died in Quanzhou. Now there is Master Hongyi in Kaiyuan Temple.