1. How to express eight o'clock and nine-thirty in the evening in ancient Chinese
Eight o'clock in the evening is the time of Xu; nine-thirty in the evening is the time of Hai.
The ancients divided a day into twelve hours, each hour is equivalent to two hours now. 19:00-21:00 is Xu hour, and 21:00-23:00 is Hai hour. At the same time, the ancient nights were calculated according to the "shift", with 19:00-21:00 being the first watch and 21:00-23:00 being the second watch.
Extended information:
Other ancient time calculation methods:
1. Twenty-four hour system
After the Song Dynasty, each of the twelve hours was divided into two parts: Chu and Zheng. In this way, Zichu, Zizheng, Chouchu and Chouzheng. . Going on in sequence, it is exactly twenty-four hours, which is consistent with the current twenty-four hours in a day.
2. The ten-hour system
Appeared in the pre-Qin Dynasty. Day and night have five points each. According to "Sui Shu. Astronomical Chronicles", the day is Chao, Yu, Zhong, Hao, and Xi; the night is A, B, C, D, and Wu (later expressed as the fifth watch). That is to say, the watch point - in ancient times, Xu hour in the evening was regarded as the first watch, Hai hour as the second watch, Zi hour as the third watch, Chou hour as the fourth watch and Yin hour as the fifth watch. Divide the night into five watches, beat the drum according to the watch to tell the time, and divide each watch into five o'clock.
Each update is one hour, which is equivalent to two hours today, or 120 minutes, so each point in each update only occupies 24 minutes. It can be seen that "cooking food at the fourth watch and sailing at the fifth watch" is equivalent to the current "cooking from 1 to 3 o'clock in the middle of the night and sailing from 3 to 5 o'clock".
"Watch three o'clock at five o'clock" is equivalent to 3 o'clock and 72 minutes in the morning, that is, 4:12, and "four o'clock in the third watch" is equivalent to 11 o'clock and 96 minutes in the evening, that is, 0 o'clock 36 points.
2. Fifteen-hour system
Its names are Chenming, Feoming, Danming, Flea (morning), Feast (late), Yuzhong, Zhengzhong, Shaohuan , Pu Shi, Da Huan, Gao Chung, Xia Chung, County (Xuan) East, dusk, Ding dusk. See "Huainanzi. Tianwen Xun".
Baidu Encyclopedia - Hour 2. I beg for 10 shorter classical Chinese essays
Today, I came and saw someone in Dahang (Taihang Mountain). I took his chariot to the north and told him The minister said: "I want Chu."
The minister said: "Your Majesty Chu, will Xi face the north?" He said: "My horse is good." The minister said: "Although the horse is good, this is not Chu. "It's a road."
He said, "I have many uses." The minister said, "Although there are many uses, this is not the way of Chu."
He said, "My ruler is good." "The better these people are, the farther they are from Chu."
1. Explain the underlined word. ①Now my minister is coming ②Face north and hold his chariot ③I want Chu ④I have many uses 2. Translation.
①Although the horse is good, this is not the way of Chu. ②The better these people are, the farther they are from Chu.
3. Summarize the meaning of this fable or the inspiration it gives you. (No more than 30 words) The King of Cursive Script Prime Minister Zhang is good at cursive script but not good at craftsmanship.
The current generation at that time all laughed at him. The prime minister is at ease.
I got a sentence in one day, and I quickly wrote with a pen, and the paper was full of dragons and snakes flying. Let my nephew record it.
When the wave is in danger, my nephew stops. He held the letter and asked, "What's the word for this?" The prime minister had seen it for a long time and didn't recognize it.
He criticized his nephew and said: "If you didn't ask earlier, you would have forgotten about it." Note [generation] people.
[Zi Ruo] Be like yourself, not normal. [Get a sentence] Get a good sentence.
[Risk Point] The weird place in calligraphy. [criticism] (gòu) scold.
1. Explain the underlined word. ① Prime Minister Zhang is good at cursive writing but not good at work ② Ask his nephew to record it ③ The nephew stops indifferently ④ Holding the script and asking 2. Explain the pronouns in the sentence.
① Everyone laughed at him ② He criticized his nephew and said ③ You didn’t ask earlier ④ I forgot about it 3. Translation. The Prime Minister has known him for a long time and does not recognize him.
4. Who is to be blamed in this story? Why? Cao Chong was called Xiang. Cao Chong was five or six years old. He was as wise as an adult. At that time, Sun Quan once sent a giant elephant. Taizu wanted to know its weight, so he visited a group of people, but they couldn't figure it out.
Chong said: "Put it on a large elephant ship, and carve the water mark wherever it reaches. Weigh the object to carry it, and you will know." Taizu was pleased, and he implemented it.
Pay attention to [intelligence] knowledge and judgment ability. [Taizu] refers to Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei.
[School] Compare. 1. Explain the underlined word.
① It is within the reach of wisdom ② At that time, Sun Quan once sent a giant elephant ③ Taizu wanted to know its weight ④ Zu Yue, he immediately implemented it 2. Translation. (1) After visiting the group, everyone can’t figure out the reason.
(2) Place it on a large elephant ship, carve the traces of the water, and weigh the objects to carry them, and then you can know the calibration. Eat water chestnuts at the table. Those who are born in the north and do not know water chestnuts will serve in the south.
Eat water chestnuts on the table and put them into the mouth. Or say: "The shell must be removed to eat water chestnuts."
The person was self-conscious and said: "I don't know. The shell is used to clear away heat."
Question The person asked: "Does the northern land also have such a thing?" The answer was: "There are mountains in the front and mountains in the back, there is no place like this!" Note [Northern people] People from the north. 1.Explain the underlined word.
① Official in the south ② Eat water chestnuts at the banquet ③ Or say: "The shell must be removed when eating water chestnuts." ④ To clear away heat 2. Translation.
This person is short of self-protection. 3. What inspiration do you get from this story? When Shi Kuang was discussing his studies, Duke Pinggong of Jin Dynasty asked Shi Kuang: "I am seventy years old, and if I want to learn, I'm afraid it's already twilight!" Shi Kuang said, "Why not Bingzhu?" Duke Ping said, "How can you be a minister and play tricks on your king?" ?" Shi Kuang said: "How dare you, a blind minister, play tricks on your king? I heard that when you are young, you are eager to learn, like the rising sun; when you are strong, you are eager to learn, like the light of the sun; when you are old, you are eager to learn, like the brightness of a candle. "Who is wrong?" Ping Gong said: "How good!" 1. Explain the meaning of the following words in the text.
Dusk Opera Wen Shan 2. Translation. (1) Can a blind minister dare to play tricks on his king? (2) Bingzhu’s brightness, which one is ignorant? 3. In the article, Shi Kuang uses three metaphors in succession to illustrate what principle? Gu Zuoshi said that Mencius said to King Xuan of Qi: "If the king's minister entrusts his wife to his friends to travel to Chu, what is the opposite? If he freezes his wife, what should he do?" The king said: "Abandon it." Of.
'' said: "If the judges cannot govern the scholars, what should we do?" The king said: "That's it." He said: "If there is no cure within the four borders, what will happen?" ''The king talked about him.
Note [Abandoned] is discontinued. [Judge] Warden.
[Removed]. 1.Explain the underlined word.
①Take care of him ②He who has entrusted his wife to his friends to travel to Chu 2. Translation. ①What will happen if there is no cure within the four realms? ②The opposite is true.
3. Why did King Xuan of Qi "take care of others"? (The old horse knows the way) Guan Zhong and Xi Peng followed Yu Huan Gong to cut down the lonely bamboo. Spring went and winter returned, and they were confused and lost their way. Guan Zhong said: "The wisdom of the old horse can be used."
He let the old horse go and followed him, and he achieved the Tao. There was no water in the mountains. Xi Peng said: "Ants live in the sun of the mountains in winter and in the shade of the mountains in summer. There is water within an inch of ant soil."
So they dug the ground and found water. Note: [Guan Zhong and Xi (xi) Peng] were both ministers at the time of Duke Huan of Qi, and helped Duke Huan achieve his hegemony.
[Lone Bamboo] The name of an ancient country. 1.Explain the underlined word.
① Spring goes and winter returns ② Confused and lost ③ Digging 2. Translation. ①Guan Zhong said: "The wisdom of an old horse can be used."
②Ants live in the sun of mountains in winter and in the shade of mountains in summer. 3. The story in the article is the origin of the idiom and is now a metaphor.
Han E's Good Songs In the past, when Han E was in Qi in the east and was short of food, he passed through Yongmen and chanted songs to fake food. After leaving, the lingering sound lingered around the beams for three days, and no one left or left.
If you go against the odds, those who go against the odds will humiliate you. Han'e was crying because of her loud voice, and all the young and old in the neighborhood looked at each other in sorrow, weeping. They didn't eat for three days, and they suddenly chased after her.
When E returns, she sings and sings again.
In this place, young and old are dancing happily, unable to restrain themselves, and it is sad to forget their direction.
It is a generous bribe. Therefore, the people of Yongmen are still good at singing and crying, and play the legacy of E.
Note: [黻] (yù) song: selling and singing. [Fake food] to make ends meet.
[枥] The central beam on the roof. [抃武] Dance, 抃biàn.
[Nilv] Inn. [Mansheng] Lengthen the sound.
1. Explain the underlined word. ① In the past, the Qi of Han Edong ② After leaving, the lingering sound lingered around the beams ③ The people left and right could not leave ④ Chase after him suddenly 2. Translation.
① Han E cried loudly, and all the young and old in the neighborhood looked at each other with tears in their eyes. ② Therefore, the people of Yongmen are still good at singing and crying, and play the legacy of E.
3. The article uses the technique of showing that Han E is good at singing and crying. Chen Fan made up his mind. In the fifteenth year of Fan's life, he was living in a single room, but the courtyard was dirty.
My father's friend Xue Qin from the same county came to wait for him, and said to Fan, "Why don't you sweep the house to entertain the guests?" Fan said: "When a man lives his life, he should sweep away the world and live in peace in one room?" "It is very surprising to know that he has the ambition of the Qing Dynasty. Note: [Hour] visit.
[Things] serve. [Qing] rectify.
1. Explain the reason for drawing the line Words. ① A room of leisure ③ Waiting for guests 2. Translation ① A room of peace and quiet ② It is very strange to know that he has a clear mind. 3 .Chen Fan believes that when a person lives in the world and is determined to unify the world, how can he care about cleaning his own house? Can you refute his opinion? p>
Bo Ya played the harp and played the harp, aiming high in the mountains. Zhong Ziqi said: "How wonderful!" The mountains are as tall as Mount Tai! "Aiming at flowing water.
Zhong Ziqi said: "How good! As vast as a river! ''What Bo Ya thinks about, Zhong Ziqi will definitely get it. Boya traveled to Mount Tai. 3. 10 classical Chinese essays
(1) Wen Zhengming's calligraphy "Shulin Chronicles" The original text of "The Thousand Character Essay" was written by Wen Zhengming in the near future. With ten volumes in a day, the book progressed greatly.
I have been reading books all my life, and I have never been content with answering people's simple letters. The translator Wen Zhengming supervised the writing of "Wenwen", and he wrote ten copies a day as a standard, and his calligraphy improved rapidly.
He has never been careless about writing in his life. Sometimes when someone replies to a letter and it's a little bit incomplete, I must rewrite it over and over again without fear of trouble.
Therefore, his calligraphy becomes more exquisite and beautiful as he gets older. (2) Xue Tan Xueyue. The original text is that Xue Tan Xueyue admired Qin Qing. He thought that he had exhausted the skills of Qin Qing, so he resigned and returned home.
Qin Qingfu stopped, walking on the suburban thoroughfare, singing sad songs at festivals, the sound vibrated the trees, and the sound stopped the moving clouds. Xue Tan wanted to rebel, but he never dared to return.
Translation: Xue Tan learned singing from Qin Qing. Before he finished learning Qin Qing's skills, he thought he had learned all he could, so he left and went home. Qin Qing did not dissuade him and bid him farewell on the road outside the city. Qin Qing beat the beat and sang a sad song.
The singing vibrated the trees, and the sound stopped the moving clouds. Xue Tan then apologized to Qin Qing and asked to come back to continue studying.
From then on, he never dared to say that he wanted to go home again. (3) Fan Zhongyan aspired to the world. Original text: Fan Zhongyan was orphaned at the age of two, and his family was poor and helpless.
He rarely has great ambitions. He always takes the world as his own responsibility and studies hard. Or he is lazy at night and often eats rice with water. He eats porridge while reading without food. ‖Since he was an official, he always spoke generously about world affairs without caring about his own life.
He was even slandered and demoted, and was relegated to Dengzhou by participating in political affairs. ‖Zhong Yan worked hard and worked hard, but his diet was not heavy on meat. His wife only had enough food and clothing.
I often recite to myself: "A scholar should worry about the world's worries first, and rejoice after the world's happiness." Translation: Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was two years old, and his family was poor and helpless.
He had great ambitions when he was young and often washed his head and face with cold water. I often couldn't even eat, so I ate porridge and kept studying.
After becoming an official, he often talked about world affairs, regardless of his own safety. So much so that some people were demoted for speaking ill of him, and were demoted from being the governor of Dengzhou to being the governor of Dengzhou.
Fan Zhongyan trained himself hard and did not eat much meat. He only provided food and clothing for his wife and children by himself. He often recited two sentences from his works: "A scholar should worry before the world is worried, and be happy after the world is happy."
(4) Sima Guang's "Records of the Words and Deeds of Famous Officials of the Three Dynasties" by Sima Guang 》Original text When Sima Wen Gong was young, he was not as good as others when he asked about his troubles. He lived in groups and taught. After all the brothers had finished reciting, they stopped wandering around. When he was alone, he could not recite it twice, and then he stopped. The person who exerts more force will achieve farther, and what he recites carefully will be remembered throughout his life.
Duke Wen once said: "You can't fail to recite the book. You can gain a lot by chanting the text and thinking about its meaning while riding a horse or staying awake at night." Poems and books are not as good as others in their ability to prepare responses.
Everyone studied and discussed together. The other brothers had already learned how to recite and went to play and rest. (Sima Guangque) studied hard alone, as focused and hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius when they were studying, until they were proficient. Until he recites it carefully, (because) he has more energy in reading now, the harvest will be long-term, and the books he has read and recited intensively will be remembered for the rest of his life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without memorizing. When you are riding a horse or walking, or when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, you can recite the article you have read and think about its meaning. You will gain a lot!" (5) Ouyang Xiu studied hard " "Ouyang Gong's Deeds" Original text Ouyang Gong was orphaned at the age of four, and his family was poor and had no resources.
The lady painted the ground with grass and taught calligraphy. Recite more ancient passages.
It was a little long, and there was no book to read at home, so I borrowed it from the scholar's family in Lu and read it, or copied it, so that I forgot to sleep and eat day and night, only reading was my business. He has written poems and texts since he was a child, and he has written like an adult.
Translation Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father died when he was four years old. His family was poor and had no money for him to study. The wife used reed stalks to draw pictures on the sand and taught him to write.
He also taught him to recite many passages from ancient times. When he got older and there were no books to read at home, he would go to nearby scholars' homes to borrow books to read, and sometimes copy them.
In this way, I worked day and night, forgetting food and sleep, just studying. From his childhood poems and poems, his writing has reached an adult level, which is so high.
(6) Zhang Wugao diligently studied "Helin Jade Dew" The original text Zhang Wugao was relegated to Hengpu and lived in Baojie Temple in the west of the city. His dormitory has a short window, and he holds a book under the window every day and reads in full view.
Fourteen years like this. Returning from the north, the traces of the double folds on the stone under the window are still visible.
Translation Zhang Jiucheng was demoted to Hengpu and lived in Jiesi Temple in the west of the city. The room he lived in had a short window. Every day at dawn, he would always stand under the window with a book and read in the faint morning light.
This has been going on for fourteen years. When he returned to the north, the traces of his feet were still faintly visible on the stone under the window.
(7) Wang Mian's night reading "Collected Works of Scholars of the Song Dynasty" at the Monastery. The original text is Wang Mianzhe, a native of Zhuji. When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered him to herd cattle on the mountain, sneak into the school building, and listen to the students reciting books. After listening, he memorized them silently.
Returning home in the evening, he forgot his cow, and his father angrily beat him up. It's back to its original state.
My mother said, "My son is so crazy, why won't he listen to what he does?" Mian Yin left and lived in a monk's temple. At night, I went out and sat on the Buddha's lap, held the plan and read it under the light of a long bright lamp, and it was so loud that the whole day was over.
There are many earthen idols in the Buddha statues, they are ferocious and terrifying, and they are as calm as if they don't know how to look at children. Translation Wang Mian is from Zhuji County.
When he was seven or eight years old, his father asked him to herd cattle on the field. He secretly ran into the school to listen to the students reading. After listening to it, I always remember it silently.
When he returned home in the evening, he forgot all about the cattle grazing. Wang Mian's father was furious and beat Wang Mian.
Afterwards, he was still like this. His mother said: "This child wants to study so much, why not let him do it?" Wang Mian therefore left home and stayed in a temple.
As soon as night came, he walked out quietly, sat on the lap of the Buddha statue, held a book in his hand and read under the light of the lantern in front of the Buddha statue. The sound of the book continued until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are made of clay, and their faces are ferocious and scary.
Although Wang Mian was a child, his expression was calm, as if he had not seen anything. (8) Preface to Ma Sheng in Dongyang (Excerpt) Song Lian Original text Yu was addicted to learning when he was young. His family was poor and he had no way to write a book and make insights. Every time he borrowed it from a book collector, he wrote it down by hand and counted the days to return it.
It is very cold, the inkstone is hard, and the fingers cannot be flexed or stretched, so do not be lazy. After recording, I went to see him off, not daring to exceed the appointment.
Therefore, many people spend their spare time reading books, and I have to read all the books. Not only do I admire the way of saints and sages, but I also worry that there are no great teachers, famous people and tourists, so I try to follow them hundreds of miles away.