Bamboo slips, writing materials from the Warring States Period to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. They are long and narrow bamboo slices (also wood slices) made by cutting them. The bamboo slices are called bamboo slips, and the wood slices are called bamboo slips or slips. They are collectively called bamboo slips. Nowadays, they are generally called bamboo slips. All written with brush and ink. The length of the book is, for example, three feet (about 67.5cm) for writing edicts and laws, two feet and four inches (about 56cm) for copying scriptures, and one foot (about 23cm) for writing letters among the people. Important discoveries have been made in Changsha, Hunan, Jingzhou, Hubei, Linyi, Shandong, and northwest regions such as Dunhuang, Juyan, Wuwei and other places. Among them, a volume of Eastern Han Dynasty documents was unearthed in Juyan. Bamboo slips are mostly made of bamboo slips, with one line written on each slip. All the bamboo slips of an article are connected together and are called "slips". This is the earliest form of books in ancient my country. The wood pieces used for writing are called wooden tablets, and they are mostly used for writing short articles. Ancient bamboo slips can also be embodied with modern craftsmanship.
The background of the creation of bamboo slips
Early writing was engraved on oracle bones and bells and tripods. Due to the limitations of their materials, it was difficult to spread widely. Therefore, until the Yin and Shang Dynasties, those who mastered writing were still There were only more than a hundred people in the upper class, which greatly restricted the spread of culture and ideas. All this did not change until the emergence of bamboo slips.
The production process of bamboo slips
Modern: cutting, boiling, baking, cutting bamboo, scraping, writing, drilling and weaving.
In ancient times: cutting, cutting, baking (finishing), writing, drilling, and weaving.
The meaning of bamboo slips
Bamboo slips are mostly made of bamboo slips, with one line written on each slip. All the bamboo slips of an article are linked together and are called "slips". This is the earliest form of books in ancient my country. The wood pieces used for writing are called wooden tablets, and they are mostly used for writing short articles.
Bamboo slips are the main material used by ancient Chinese ancestors to write classics, documents and other text carriers before the invention of paper. They are one of the oldest books in my country. Bamboo slips, together with oracle bone inscriptions, Dunhuang posthumous writings, and Ming and Qing archives, are listed as the four major discoveries of Eastern civilization in the twentieth century. At present, the study of slips has also formed a world-wide discipline at an astonishing speed. It includes history, archaeology, paleography, and literature. Studies, calligraphy, etc., from multiple angles and fields, have opened up a new field for the academic research on Chinese history and culture. Bamboo slips appeared almost at the same time as oracle bone inscriptions and bronze inscriptions. From the Spring and Autumn Period to the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, bamboo slips were most popular. After the invention of paper, bamboo slips and wooden slips went hand in hand with paper for hundreds of years. It was not until the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty that Hengxuan issued an order, and the bamboo slips system came into being. Finish.
The influence of bamboo slips
Bamboo slips are the longest-used form of books in the history of our country. They were the main writing tools before the invention of papermaking and the popularization of paper. After comparisons and difficult choices, cultural preservation and communication media were determined, which was an important revolution in the history of communication media. For the first time, it liberated writing from the small circle at the top of society and made great strides towards the wider society with great momentum. Therefore, bamboo slips played a vital role in the spread of Chinese culture. It was its appearance that allowed a hundred schools of thought to contend. It also enabled the thoughts and culture of Confucius, Laozi and other famous figures to be passed down to this day.
Influence
Bamboo slips are the longest-used form of books in Chinese history. They were the main writing tools before the invention of papermaking and the popularization of paper
It is the cultural preservation and communication media that our ancestors determined after repeated comparisons and difficult choices. This is an important revolution in the history of communication media. For the first time, it liberated writing from the small circle at the top of society and made great strides towards the wider society with great momentum. Therefore, bamboo slips played a vital role in the spread of Chinese culture. It was its appearance that allowed a hundred schools of thought to contend, and it also enabled the thoughts and culture of famous figures such as Confucius and Laozi to be passed down to this day.
The value of calligraphy
Bamboo slips are important materials for studying Chu characters in the Warring States Period and calligraphy in the early Western Han Dynasty. In the pre-Qin era, writing shifted from practicality to artistry. Calligraphy at this time was closely linked to the transformation of characters. It gradually matured from a naive stage to perfection, thereby establishing a special position in the history of Chinese calligraphy.
In December 1975, more than a thousand bamboo slips were unearthed from the Qin Tomb in Suihudi, Yunmeng, Hubei Province, with Qin Li written in ink on them. Judging from the archaeological excavation materials, the characters on some wooden plaques and bamboo slips during the Warring States and Qin Dynasties have been simplified in seal script, with fewer strokes, the characters have become square and flat, and the pen has a tendency to wave. This is the germ of official script. During the Western Han Dynasty, the element of official style in calligraphy further increased. The Western Han Dynasty silk painting "Laozi Jiaben" unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha has obvious official meaning. The fonts of bamboo slips can be divided into four categories. The first type is common in Chu State bamboo slips and silks. The glyph structure is the true character of Chu State writing, and the calligraphy style has the characteristics of "tadpole script". It can be said to be the standard of Chu State bamboo slips and silks. The second type comes from the manuscripts of Confucian classics of Qi and Lu, but has been "domesticated" by the Chu State. It has the characteristics of "fengzhong, sharp at the beginning and end" formed by the "bird and insect script" style, which is the "Wei Santi" after the Han Dynasty. "The Stone Classic", "Han Slips" and "The Four Rhymes of Ancient Prose" are the origins of the "ancient prose"; the third type of writing is similar to small seal script, which is closer to "ancient seal script
" and should be from the Warring States Period The original appearance of Qi and Lu Confucian classic characters; the fourth category is most consistent with the characteristics of Qi characters, retaining more of the physical structure and calligraphy style of Qi characters. The bamboo patterns are handsome and dense, and are of great value to the study of the history of Chinese calligraphy.
In terms of simple records, "only the ancestors of the Yin Dynasty had records and canons".
During the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a method of recording events on bamboo slips. Many bamboo slips have been found during the Warring States Period. Bamboo slips from the middle and late Warring States Period contain dispatch records, ancient books and divination records. The official script characters on Qin wooden slips and bamboo slips are square, rectangular, or flat, and the strokes are fat, thin, hard, and soft, and are extremely varied. There are obvious ups and downs and waves in the dots and faces, and there are differences in light, heavy, quick and slow strokes. It is extremely precious material for researching the development of official script.
The bamboo slips of the Warring States Period are handwritten. The strokes of these characters are elastic, with sharp beginnings and endings, and slightly thicker middle or forward parts, which fully demonstrate the characteristics of brush writing. This is different from the weight and weight of bronze inscriptions and the condensation of strokes due to the connection. It has changed from slow and heavy to smooth and beautiful, and the strokes and styles are simpler than seal script. It can be seen that the early official script was popular long before Qin Shihuang implemented Xiaozhuan. "" is a school that has emerged in the Chinese calligraphy circle in recent years (also known as "bamboo method"). This is an "ancient official" style that imitates the bamboo slips and silk scripts of the Qin and Han Dynasties. It imitates the calligraphy of ancient characters on bamboo chips, wood chips and silk fabrics in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties. Vertical strips similar to bamboo are brushed out on raw rice paper, and the font is written on these ocher-colored "bamboo slips" strips. It has a unique quaint character and adapts to the modern aesthetic and decorative taste. The precise grasp of color changes in an instant gives calligraphy the beauty of "applying colors according to genre". This kind of calligraphy presents a lively and energetic image. "" This calligraphy art harmonizes with each other in the abstract nature of pictures and text. While appreciating the art of calligraphy, we can also gallop into the space of unlimited imagination that colors and patterns bring us.
1. In July 1953, 42 bamboo slips were unearthed from the Yangtian Lake Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province. The longest one was 22 cm, wide
1.2 cm, in seal script, with 2-10 characters per slip. , a thing of the Warring States Period.
2. In 1972, the bamboo slips of "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and "Sun Bin's Art of War" were discovered in Yinqueshan, Linyi, Shandong. About five thousand pieces.
3. In December 1975, more than 1,100 bamboo slips were unearthed from the Qin tomb in Shuihudi, Yunmeng, Hubei. It was from the first year of King Zhao of Qin (306 BC) to the 30th year of Qin Shihuang (217 BC).
Bamboo slips not only occupy an important position in the history of ancient culture and books, but also have an important impact on printing, especially the form of bamboo slips, which is the predecessor of scroll
It was widely used in early engraving printing. Modern bamboo slips are more for collection and home use
4. In 2001, Hubei Chutian Green was carved on high-quality bamboo material using laser engraving. The fonts are meaningful and clear, and the pen peak is strong and full of charm. Its bamboo slip pen holder and bamboo slip business card holder It has also done a good job in applying bamboo slip craftsmanship to home decoration.
5. In December 1975, more than 1,100 bamboo slips were unearthed from the Qin Tomb in Suihudi, Yunmeng, Hubei.
It was from the first year of King Zhao of Qin (
306 BC) to the 30th year of Qin Shihuang (217 BC).
Bamboo slips are a form of books in which words, images or other specific symbols are written and drawn on pre-processed bamboo slips. Origin of Bamboo Slips: Early writing was engraved on oracle bones and bells and tripods. Due to the limitations of its materials, it was difficult to spread widely. Therefore, until the Yin and Shang Dynasties, only a few hundred people from the upper class mastered writing, which greatly limited culture and The spread of ideas did not change until the emergence of bamboo slips.
Bamboo slips are the longest-used form of books in Chinese history. They were the main writing tools before the invention of papermaking and the popularization of paper. They were determined by our ancestors after repeated comparisons and difficult choices. Cultural preservation and communication media, this is an important revolution in the history of communication media. For the first time, it liberated writing from the small circle at the top of society and made great strides towards the wider society with great momentum. Therefore, bamboo slips played a vital role in the spread of Chinese culture. It was its appearance that allowed a hundred schools of thought to contend, and it also enabled the thoughts and culture of famous figures such as Confucius and Laozi to be passed down to this day. Expand your life and enjoy leisure and excitement!
Introduction
When writing appeared in human society, books also appeared. The form of books at that time was completely different from modern books. If we define the concept of books in this way, that is, people's experiences and events are recorded on certain objects in the form of words and images to facilitate preservation and dissemination, then the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty are the earliest books. In addition, text can also be engraved on leaves and bark. It is recorded in the "Old Book of Tang": "The book of Tianzhu is written on Beiye leaves to record events." This is what we call the Beiye Sutra. In addition, the inscriptions cast on bronze vessels can also be called an early type of book. In addition to oracle bones, bronzes, and stone carvings, there were many materials used to record texts in ancient times, such as pottery, bricks, animal skins, etc., all of which have radiated brilliant brilliance in the history of human civilization. However, what is closer to today's book form is the beginning of bamboo slips and then the silk silk written on fabric.
Books
The real form of books in ancient China began with bamboo slips and wooden tablets. The book form and system created by bamboo slips and wooden tablets had a profound impact on subsequent book culture. The units and terms of books such as "volume", "volume" and "edition" are still used today. Bamboo slips and wooden slips are not exactly the same in form and purpose.
Bamboo slips are made of bamboo with thin skin and long knots. The round bamboo is first sawed into a certain length, and then broken into a certain width. After being shaved and smoothed, it becomes a bamboo slip. Then use silk rope, hemp rope, and thin leather strips to connect the upper and lower two strips, which can be used to write text. There are also those who write the words first and then compile them into a volume in order.
The outer skin of bamboo is not easy to be inked. In order to facilitate writing, the outermost skin of bamboo must be peeled off or write on the inside. The process of drying bamboo is called "drying".
Bamboo slips are the longest-used form of books in Chinese history. As early as the Shang Dynasty, there is the word "book" in the oracle bone inscriptions, which symbolizes a bundle of slips tied with two book ropes, while the word "dian" in bronze inscriptions means that the "book" is on which number. It shows that the origin of the Jian Ce system can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty, but the actual Jian Ce system before the Warring States Period has not been found today. There are many records in the Zhou Dynasty documents about the use of Jian Ce to transmit orders and official documents.
In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a situation where hundreds of academic schools contended, and bamboo slips became the main form for each school to write books and establish theories. At this time, there were more records about the use of bamboo slips. For example, Confucius read "Yi" in his later years, resulting in "Three Wonders of Wei Bian", which shows that due to repeated reading, the rope tying the bamboo slips was broken three times.
Bamboo slips
Written on pieces of bamboo or wood, they are called "bamboo slips", and thicker bamboo slips are called "slips". Bamboo slips are books written on bamboo slips and wooden slips in ancient times and are the earliest books in my country. Bamboo and wood are common and easily available. In ancient times, when there was a lack of suitable writing materials, people cut bamboo and wood into long and narrow pieces and wrote on them.
The long and narrow pieces made of bamboo are called "bamboo slips", and those made of wood are called "wooden slips". There is usually only one line of characters written on each slip, and the number varies. The most is more than 40 characters, the least is only one or two characters, and generally more than 20 characters are written.
Today’s books come in large or small formats, and ancient bamboo slips come in long or short formats. The longest is 3 feet, and the shortest is only 5 inches. It takes many briefs to write a book, and when these briefs are connected, it becomes a book. Hemp ropes are often used to weave bamboo and wood slips together, and some also use silk ropes (called "silk weaving") or leather ropes (called "Wei weaving"). The number of lines of editing used in a book depends on the length of the briefs. Generally, two or three lines of editing are used, and many use four or five lines of editing. The current word "book" is a pictographic character, which looks like a piece of bamboo rope braided together with a rope.
"Shangshu·Duoshi" records: "Only the ancestors of the Yin Dynasty had books and canons." The "books" and "dian" refer to books made of bamboo and wooden slips. In the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty, there is also the character "〓" in this shape, which is the character "book". It can be seen that bamboo and wood books have already appeared in the Shang Dynasty.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period, and the Qin and Han Dynasties, people had generally used bamboo and wood slips to make books. Around the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were also books written on silk fabrics - silk books. Silk books are simpler, lighter and easier to write than bamboo. However, silk fabrics are expensive, so silk books are not as common as bamboo. Books written on paper appeared during the Eastern Han Dynasty. Paper was light, easy to write on, and relatively cheap, so it gradually spread. By the Jin Dynasty, paper books had completely replaced bamboo and silk books.
Bamboo slips, writing materials from the Warring States Period to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. It is a long and narrow piece of bamboo made by cutting it (there are also wooden pieces, called wooden slips). The slips are wider and thicker than the slips. The bamboo slips are called bamboo slips, and the wooden slips are called wooden slips. All written with brush and ink. The length of the book is, for example, three feet (about 67.5cm) for writing edicts and laws, two feet and four inches (about 56cm) for copying scriptures, and one foot (about 23cm) for folk letters, so people also call letters " Ruler slips". Important discoveries have been made in Changsha, Hunan, Jingzhou, Hubei, Linyi, Shandong, and northwest regions such as Dunhuang, Juyan, Wuwei and other places. Among them, a volume of Eastern Han Dynasty documents was unearthed in Juyan.
Han bamboo slips are the general name for wooden slips and bamboo slips of the Han Dynasty. There are many kinds of bamboo slips in the Han Dynasty, the most common ones are bamboo slips used for writing and recording. In addition to the commonly seen transcribed documents, there is also a very large number of bamboo slips, which is the policy. Qiance Ye is called Gao Di Shu, and they are all found in tombs. They are "letters of introduction" for ancient people to the underworld after death. They generally record the dates of birth and death of the tomb owner, his official position and title during his lifetime, and the number of funerary objects in the tomb. , the type, the person who gave the gift, and also the wish of the deceased's family, that is, he hopes that the administrator of the underworld can give him a job equivalent to his official title when he was alive.